一种CMOS图像传感器片上LVDS驱动电路设计

为满足CMOS图像传感器(CIS)图像数据高速输出的需求,提出一种适用于CIS的片上高速低电压差分信号(LVDS)驱动电路结构。首先介绍了CIS高速数据传输接口的常见类型、LVDS接口技术的起源和特点;接着根据CIS的需求特点确定了LVDS驱动电路的设计思路和结构;最后给出了驱动电路设计原理图和仿真结果,以及接收端眼图仿真结果。仿真结果表明,该LVDS驱动电路,数据传输速率可以达到500Mb/s,所有参数均满足TIA/EIA-644A接口标准的需求,接收端眼高为310mV,眼宽为0.9UI。     

LVDS接口电路及设计

本文介绍了LVDS接口的基本原理和电特性，通过与其他接口技术进行对比，反映出LVDS接口在高速数据传输应用方面的优势，并结合实例指出了LVDS接口电路的设计原则。     

基于CRC校验的高速长线LVDS传输设计

针对数据在高速远距离传输中存在可靠性低的问题,提出了一种带CRC校验的高速长线LVDS数据传输系统设计。该设计以LVDS作为高速数据传输接口,在硬件电路设计上加入均衡电路,补偿数据远距离传输损耗,并在逻辑设计上加入CRC检错码,将反馈纠错机制(ARQ)运用在传输系统中,提高数据传输的可靠性,同时改进传统反馈纠错机制工作方式,降低数据带宽损耗,保证数据高速传输。经试验验证,该系统工作稳定,串行数据以400Mb/s的速率,在由4段10m屏蔽双绞线组成的40m传输线上可实现零误码率传输。     

基于FPGA的LVDS传输链路的可靠性设计

在遥测系统中,LVDS接口作为许多采编、存储、测试台等设备的通信接口,有着传输速度高的优点,如果想保证数据传输的高效性与稳定性,必须确保LVDS传输链路的可靠性。在此次设计中,通过在硬件电路中增加阻抗匹配和均衡加重技术来提高电路的可靠性。在逻辑设计中,通过采用bit9和bit8标志位来区分有、无效数据与3路数字信号的方法来消除失锁现象,从而提高数据传输的稳定性。经过此方案设计,系统实现了以300Mbps/S的速率在30米屏蔽电缆中传输数据,误码率为零,提高了LVDS传输链路的可靠性与稳定性。     

一种2.5 Gb/s带预加重结构的低压差分串行发送器

设计了一种带预加重结构的低压差分信号(LVDS)串行发送器,改进了传统LVDS发送器的共模电平反馈控制结构.LVDS串行发送器采用双运放反馈控制电路,在避免集成大电阻的同时,能够更好地稳定差分信号的输出摆幅.采用电路预加重技术,克服了数据高速传输过程中的高频信号损失问题.基于0.25μm CMOS工艺,实现了LVDS发送器,芯片面积约为0.03mm2,可满足2.5 Gb/s的高速串行数据传输.     

应用于红外大面阵数据传输的接口电路设计

红外大面阵(2560×2048)数字读出电路对芯片数据接口有高速、低功耗、强驱动能力的需求。采用0.18■m互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, CMOS)工艺设计了4∶1并串转换电路、电平转换电路以及采用预加重技术的低压差分信号(Low Voltage Differential Signal, LVDS)驱动器电路。并串转换电路采用双沿采样的树形结构降低时钟频率,电平转换电路采用正反馈结构提升速度,LVDS驱动电路采用可编程电流大小的预加重副通路对主通路进行高频分量补偿,以保证驱动能力和提升高速信号的完整性。接口的数据传输速率可达到1 Gbit/s。当负载电容为2 pF时,一个通道的功耗为15.8 mW@1 Gbit/s;当负载电容为8 pF且打开预加重时,一个通道的功耗为19 mW@1Gbit/s,输出电压摆幅为350 mV,输出共模电平为1.21 V,LVDS驱动电路的所有参数均满足标准协议。     

基于PCI总线的高速多路数据传输卡设计

介绍了一套基于外部设备互连(PCI)总线的高速多路数据传输卡的设计,采用基于PCI内核与PCI用户逻辑相结合的新型设计方案,在顶层通过仿真来验证PCI接口以及用户逻辑设计正确与否.降低了设计的复杂程度,提高了电路的集成度和系统的性能,并根据PCI卡对外部设备驱动能力较弱的特点,在传输卡中加入了长线驱动功能,采用低电压差分信号(LVDS)技术,既降低了系统功耗,又实现长距离的计算机双向通信.     

一种高速并串转换控制电路设计

串行接口常用于高速数据传输,实现多路低速并行数据合成一路高速串行数据.设计了一种高速并串转换控制电路,实现在低频时钟控制下,通过内部锁相环(PLL)实现时钟倍频和数据选通信号,最终形成高速串行数据流,实现每5路全并行数据可按照顺序打包并转换为1路高速串行编码,最后通过一个低电压差分信号(LVDS)接口电路输出.该芯片通过0.18 μmCMOS工艺流片并测试验证,测试结果表明在120 MHz外部时钟频率下,该并串转换控制芯片能够实现输出速度600 Mbit/s的高速串行数据,输出抖动特性约为80 ps,整体功耗约为23 mW.     

基于FPGA的并行数据转SPI接口设计

在进行不同设备间的数据传输时,最基本的要求是连线尽可能少、数据传输速率尽可能快、误码率尽可能低。对此进行了并行数据转换为串行数据的接口电路研究,提出了同步并行传输速率的n倍改进SPI传输方案。其特点是传输速率高、时钟独立、可与并行接口端和SPI串行接口端进行双向通信。测试结果显示系统达到预定功能,其接口电路的实现方法可为数据的高速接口提供新的借鉴。     

一种用于平板显示系统的LVDS接口驱动电路的设计

LVDS接口电路已成为平板显示系统信号传输的首选,被广泛应用于数字视频高速传输系统。本文设计了一个LVDS接口驱动电路,该驱动电路采用共模反馈环路使输出LVDS信号的共模电平稳定。在输入信号为800MHz情况下应用1stSilicon0.35μm CMOS混合信号工艺在Cadence Spectre环境下对驱动器电路进行了仿真,结果表明所设计的驱动电路各项技术参数完全符合LVDS标准。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks