Mo含量对粉末烧结Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用冷等静压+真空烧结(CIP)法制备了不同Mo含量的Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr合金,并对其进行了组织和力学性能分析。结果发现,不同Mo含量下钛合金的致密度基本都达到98%,且当Mo含量为1.5%时,更为致密;当Mo含量低于1.5%时,合金的组织为等轴晶组织,且随Mo含量增加,晶粒变小;当Mo含量高于1.5%时,组织为网状组织;合金的强度、硬度(HV)和伸长率在Mo含量为1.5%时达到最大值,分别为1 054.7 MPa、332.7、6.1%;经过物相分析,钛合金的主要相组成为α相和β相,但在透射电镜下观察发现,当Mn含量为3.0%时,Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr合金显微组织中出现硬脆的TiCr_2相,会降低合金的力学性能。     

氧含量及加工方法对医用Ti-6Al-4V钛合金丝组织与性能的影响

对不同氧含量的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金采用控温热拉拔,制得1.0 mm、2.0 mm、2.5 mm 3种不同规格的丝材,研究Ti-6Al-4V钛合金中氧含量及控温热拉拔制备方法对材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,氧含量越高,合金中α相的相对含量越多,氧含量0.19%时,可获得α相含量85%的微观组织;8.0 mm轧制坯料等轴α相尺寸为2～5μm,拉拔成1.0 mm后获得约0.3μm的超细晶粒;随着合金中氧含量的增加,拉拔直径变细,丝材强度提高,塑性下降;0.14%氧含量Ti-6Al-4V2.0 mm丝材抗拉强度和塑性分别达到1270 MPa和12%,综合力学性能优良。     

一种高强度Ti-6Al-4V钛合金丝材制备工艺的研究

对不同氧含量的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金采用控温热拉拔试验,制得φ1.0mm、φ2.0mm、φ2.5mm三种不同规格的丝材,研究Ti-6Al-4V钛合金中氧含量及控温热拉拔制备方法对材料组织和力学性能的影响.分析结果表明:氧含量对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金轧制坯料金相有明显的影响,氧含量越高,α相的相对含量越多,φ8.0mm轧制坯料等轴α相的尺寸为2～5μm,拉拔成φ2.0mm后获得约0.5μm的超细晶粒;随着合金中氧含量的增加、拉拔规格的细化,丝材的力学性能提高,塑性下降;含氧0.14wt%的Ti-6Al-4V φ2.0 mm丝材抗拉强度和塑性分别达到1270 MPa和12%,综合力学性能优良:进一步分析发现,Ti-6Al-4V丝材室温拉伸时发生沿等轴α相晶界的韧性断裂,超细晶粒及高密度位错是材料获得高强度的根本所在.     

Mn对生物医用Ti-Mo合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用非自耗真空电弧炉制备Ti-8Mo-xMn系列合金,以考察Mn的添加对生物医用Ti-Mo合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:两元Ti-Mo合金主要由细小的针状α″马氏体相组成,加入1%Mn(质量分数)后,等轴晶的β相大部被保留;当Mn的加入量达到3%后,β相全部被保留到室温。拉伸力学测试发现:β相不稳定的Ti-8Mo-1Mn合金在拉伸过程中发生应力诱导的从β相到α″相的马氏体转变,呈现出"双屈服"现象。加入少量Mn(1%和3%)提高合金塑性,伸长率由35%最大提高到53%。Mn量增加到5%、7%后,合金强度得到大幅提高,抗拉强度最大由856 MPa提高到1201 MPa,同时伸长率为22%。所有含Mn合金的显微硬度都较高,最高为386HV,是两元Ti-Mo合金的(251HV)1.65倍。含ω相的Ti-8Mo-1Mn合金的弹性模量最高,达150 GPa。其它含Mn合金的弹性模量在76~87 GPa之间,与人骨骼的接近,有潜力成为生物医用材料。     

新型高强度钛合金47Ti-45Zr-5Al-3V退火后的微观组织与力学性能

通过对47Ti-45Zr-5Al-3V合金进行不同温度退火处理,对其微观组织与性能的演变规律进行研究。结果表明,经过高温锻造后的47Ti-45Zr-5Al-3V合金由α+β相组成,在550℃以上温度热处理时合金中α相向β相转变。随温度升高合金中β相含量增加,当温度为800℃时α相全部转变为β相。热处理对47Ti-45Zr-5Al-3V合金的力学性能的影响取决于α相和β相含量。合金抗拉强度随β相含量增加降低,而伸长率增加。     

新型高强韧Ti-Al-Fe-B系钛合金组织和性能研究

研究了Al元素(1%～3%,质量分数)的添加及热处理工艺对合金Ti-x Al-3.5Fe-0.1B组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ti-x Al-3.5Fe-0.1B为α+β两相钛合金,随着Al含量由1%增加到3%,合金屈服强度由590 MPa提高到900 MPa,抗拉强度由808 MPa提高到1074 MPa,固溶强化明显,同时,延伸率达到15.4%。组织观察发现:随着Al含量的增加,片层状初生α相片层厚度减小,合金组织细化明显。另一方面,对Ti-3Al-3.5Fe-0.1B合金进行不同的热处理发现:双重退火后,合金的屈服强度进一步提高到1000 MPa,抗拉强度提高到1144 MPa,同时,塑性也提高到17.5%,合金具有优异的强韧匹配性。这主要是因为合金双重退火过程中,组织中生成的亚稳β相分解生成次生α相,次生α相尺寸小,位错在次生α相边界受阻。同时,次生α相在β基体上弥散分布,形成弥散强化,导致合金强度进一步提高。另一方面,组织中等轴α相的存在,对于塑性的提高起到了积极的作用。     

Mn对铸态Ti-Nb-Mn三元合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

采用冷坩埚感应悬浮熔炼方法制备了Ti-16Nb-xMn(x=1,3,5;原子分数,%)合金,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差热分析(DSC)、透射电镜(TEM)及力学性能测试等方法研究了Mn含量对Ti-16Nb-xMn合金显微组织、相变温度和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Ti-16Nb-5Mn合金具有最高的屈服强度(610 MPa)、抗拉强度(670 MPa)和最好的塑性(27%)。透射电镜分析结果表明,增加Mn含量使合金从正交α″相和体心立方β相两相并存结构转变为β单相结构。合金力学性能的改善一方面由于Mn原子固溶到合金中,提高了合金的屈服强度;另一方面由于Mn作为β稳定元素,提高了合金的β稳定性,抑制α″马氏体的形成,从而提高了合金的塑性。     

SPS法制备Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb合金的组织与性能

采用等离子烧结(SPS)预合金粉末法制备了Ti-25Nb-3Zr-3Mo-2Sn(质量分数,%)(TLM)医用β型钛合金,研究TLM预合金粉末的特征和SPS制备的TLM合金在固溶时效后的组织形貌与力学性能。结果表明:等离子旋转电极法制备的TLM钛合金预合金粉末球形度好、内部致密度高,粉末凝固组织主要由细小枝晶和单晶构成。SPS制备的TLM合金其烧结态和固溶态组织为等轴β相及少量的球状α″马氏体。固溶态合金展示了良好的综合力学性能,其屈服强度约为500 MPa,抗拉强度为624 MPa,伸长率为40%,弹性模量为54.5 GPa。经500℃时效6 h后,合金在一定塑性的前提下,抗拉强度达到1015 MPa,弹性模量为84 GPa。     

粉末冶金Ti-Mo合金的显微组织及力学性能

以元素粉末为原料,采用模压烧结技术制备了Ti-(8~20)Mo合金,并探讨了烧结工艺及Mo含量对合金组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,在1400~1500℃范围内可制备出高致密且组织成分均匀的Ti-Mo合金材料。合金烧结致密化所需最低温度随Mo含量升高相应提高。当Mo含量(质量分数)为8%~16%,合金为典型魏氏体组织,Mo含量提高可使合金中β相晶粒尺寸减小,α片层含量降低并逐渐细化;而Ti-20Mo合金则由单一等轴β相晶粒组成。模压烧结Ti-Mo合金力学性能优异,其弹性模量范围为59~68 GPa;在1450℃烧结制备的Ti-14Mo合金相对具有最佳的综合性能,其硬度为35.7HRC,弹性模量为62.2 GPa,抗压强度为2227 MPa,压缩率为29.1%。     

基于不同Mo添加的激光立体成形Ti-6Al-xMo合金的显微组织演化和力学性能研究

本文采用激光立体成形技术(Laser Solid Forming,LSF),基于Mo当量混合Ti、Al、Mo粉末沉积新型Ti-6Al-xMo(x＝2、3、4)钛合金,研究了其显微组织形成与室温拉伸性能。结果表明：三种合金的凝固组织均呈现沿<100>方向生长的粗大柱状晶,顶部为细小等轴晶,且随着Mo含量的增加,柱状晶宽度逐渐减小,等轴晶层厚度逐渐增大;初生β晶粒中的微观结构是由初生α板条和残余β相组成的,还存在晶界α和α束域,通过电子背散射衍射(Electron Backscatter Diffraction, EBSD)分析发现三种成分均出现12种α变体且出现变体占优现象;随着Mo含量的增加,Ti-6Al-xMo强度硬度增加,延伸率减小,初生α板条宽度和面积比减小,增加到Ti-6Al-4Mo时,晶内出现次生α相。相比之下激光立体成形Ti-6Al-2Mo、Ti-6Al-3Mo分别具有抗拉强度962MPa、延伸率11.5%和抗拉强度982 MPa、延伸率9.2%的优异室温拉伸性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。