苍溪红心猕猴桃不同部位抗氧化活性研究

本文以苍溪红心猕猴桃为原料,研究不同部位的总酚、总黄酮和抗坏血酸含量,并测定不同部位对自由基、ABTS⁺自由基、羟自由基的清除能力。结果表明：果皮中总酚、总黄酮和抗坏血酸含量最高,分别为1142.56 mg/100 g、419.63 mg/100 g、214.34 mg/100 g,果肉次之,果籽最低。体外抗氧化活性结果表明,果皮的抗氧化活性最强,对DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺自由基、羟自由基清除能力分别为70.50%、83.79%、67.68%;果肉次之;果籽最弱。     

苦荞不同部位酚类化合物组成与抗氧化活性

目的:研究苦荞不同部位酚类化合物组成与抗氧化活性。方法:利用70%乙醇分别提取苦荞壳、苦荞麸皮和苦荞粉三部分中的酚类物质,并分析提取物的酚类化合物组成和抗氧化活性。结果:麸皮部位总酚、总黄酮分别为(3 042±31) mg GAE/100 g·DW和(5 290±233) mg RE/100 g·DW,分别占全苦荞的60.8%和67.7%。芦丁是麸皮提取物中的主要酚类化合物,其含量为(5 152±61) mg/100 g·DW。苦荞壳、苦荞麸皮和苦荞粉提取物均表现出抗氧化活性,其中苦荞麸皮提取物的抗氧化活性最强,其ORAC、FRAP、DPPH自由基清除率和ABTS自由基清除率分别为(1 503.3±249.5)μmol/g·DW、(8 477.5±441.1) mg TE/100 g·DW、(5 642.4±241.3) mg TE/100 g·DW和(16 764±742) mg TE/100 g·DW。结论:麸皮是苦荞酚类化合物的主要富集部位,这些化合物表现出较强的抗氧化活性。     

乳酸菌发酵桑葚汁工艺优化及发酵过程中功能性成分及抗氧化活性的变化

以桑葚为原材料,采用植物乳杆菌、长双歧杆菌对桑葚汁进行单菌株和混合菌株发酵,利用单因素实验和响应面试验探究发酵桑葚汁的最佳发酵工艺,并测定分析桑葚汁在发酵过程中的功能性成分(总黄酮、总花青素、总酚)和抗氧化活性(ABTS⁺自由基清除率、DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、总抗氧化能力)等。结果表明,发酵桑葚汁最佳发酵工艺为菌种添加量0.06%,初始pH6.1,发酵温度37℃,低聚果糖添加量0.09%。乳酸菌发酵提高了发酵桑葚汁的功能性成分和抗氧化活性;单菌株和混合菌株相比,混合菌株发酵可显著提高(P<0.05)桑葚汁功能性化合物含量,且未发酵桑葚汁和混合菌株发酵48 h后含量分别为总黄酮4.18～6.36 mg/mL,总花青素0.67～1.95 mg/mL,总酚12.62～18.65 mg/mL;混合菌株发酵48 h桑葚汁的抗氧化活性得到明显提升,ABTS⁺自由基清除率61.81%～88.17%,DPPH自由基清除率52.78%～81.64%,羟自由基清除率37.38%～86.07%,总抗氧化能力17.85～29.49 mmol/L。...     

苦荞芽苗茶饮料发酵前后营养、风味及抗氧化活性的变化

采用植物乳杆菌发酵苦荞芽苗茶饮料,通过对发酵前后苦荞芽苗茶饮料中芦丁、槲皮素、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、总黄酮、氨基酸、挥发性化合物、DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率等指标进行测定,研究发酵前后营养、风味及抗氧化活性的变化规律。结果表明,发酵后芦丁含量基本保持不变,槲皮素和山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷含量有稍许降低,总黄酮含量从(120.6±1.9)μg/mL微降至(114.6±1.7)μg/mL。苦荞芽苗饮料中包含6种必需氨基酸(EAA)和11种非必需氨基酸(NEAA),发酵后必需氨基酸/总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)为38.32%,EAA/NEAA为62.13%,显著高于发酵前。分离鉴定出8类54种挥发性物质,发酵前含有46种,发酵后含有43种,通过发酵,阈值较低的芳香性风味物质含量明显提升。发酵后DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率均升高,乳酸菌发酵可以提高苦荞芽苗茶饮料的抗氧化活性。     

苦荞壳活性组分的鉴定及其DNA损伤保护研究

苦荞是一种非常重要的食品资源,为了能够对其有效地利用,以DPPH自由基清除活性为指标,通过极性萃取和柱层析的方法对醇提法得到的苦荞壳粗提物进行分离纯化。采用紫外光谱和HPLC-ESI/MS鉴定纯化的苦荞壳活性组分。结果表明,其主要成分为槲皮素,还包括微量的槲皮素-3-鼠李糖苷和山奈酚。琼脂糖凝胶电泳试验中纯化的苦荞壳活性组分显示出良好的DNA损伤保护作用,并表现出了明显的浓度依赖性。DNA损伤保护的定量研究中,当浓度为5~15 mg/m L时,纯化的苦荞壳活性组分对羟自由基和双氧水的清除活性分别为(68.46±0.52)%~(90.32±0.37)%和(72.19±0.42)%~(96.82±0.34)%。因此,纯化的苦荞壳活性组分具有的抗氧化性和DNA损伤保护作用为苦荞壳在食品、医药领域的应用提供了理论参考。     

杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取物对小鼠酒精性肝、胃损伤的保护作用

目的：研究杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取物的体外抗氧化活性及体内对酒精性肝脏、胃黏膜损伤的保护作用。方法：本实验检测杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取物中功能成分的含量,并分析提取物的抗氧化能力;以Lieber-DeCarli酒精液体饲料建立小鼠慢性酒精性肝脏、胃黏膜损伤模型,考察发酵后的苦荞提取物在低、高剂量(1.5 g/kg B.W.、3.0 g/kg B.W.)对肝脏和胃粘膜损伤的保护作用。结果：杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取液中含有较多的抗氧化成分,其中多酚、黄酮、三萜含量分别为11.40±0.32 mg GAE/g DW、17.19±0.30 mg RE/g DW、7.59±0.24 mg/g,黄酮类物质：芦丁和槲皮素含量分别为13.55±0.05、0.665±0.01 mg/g;杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取液的铁离子还原抗氧化能力及其对DPPH和ABTS⁺自由基清除率分别为：16.66±0.65、33.49±1.26、15.68±1.17μmol Trolox/g DW;与模型组相比,高、低剂量组均能显著降低丙二醛(P<0.05)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(P<0.01)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(P&...     

黑果腺肋花楸酵素自然发酵过程中主要成分与抗氧化活性变化

为探究黑果腺肋花楸酵素自然发酵过程中主要成分与抗氧化活性的变化规律，采取28℃密闭条件下自然发酵90 d，检测发酵液中还原糖、可溶性固形物(TSS)、酒精度、总酸、总多酚、总黄酮、花色苷和SOD等理化指标和活性物质，以DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺自由基、羟自由基清除能力以及总抗氧化能力和总还原力等指标来综合评价其体外抗氧化活性，并进行主要成分与抗氧化活性的皮尔逊相关性分析。结果表明：黑果腺肋花楸酵素自然发酵过程中，其还原糖、TSS、总酸、花色苷含量总体呈持续下降趋势，酒精度持续升高后逐渐趋于稳定，总多酚、总黄酮含量和SOD酶活力呈先升高后降低趋势，其中总多酚、总黄酮和SOD酶活力最高值分别达到4.99 mg/mL、269.68 mg/L和5151.80 U/mL。发酵后酵素的抗氧化活性指标均呈峰型变化，较未发酵样品显著升高(P<0.05)，其对DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺自由基、羟自由基清除能力以及总抗氧化能力和总还原力最大值分别为65.78%、85.06%、94.22%、750.48 U/mL和1.014；相关性分析表明，酒精度、总多酚、...     

响应面法优化提取珍珠花抗氧化总黄酮及其成分分析

以珍珠花为原料,采用单因素结合响应面法优化珍珠花抗氧化活性总黄酮超声辅助乙醇提取工艺,分别采用ABTS法、DPPH法和FRAP法评价总黄酮体外抗氧化能力,运用超高效液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱鉴定珍珠花抗氧化活性总黄酮化学成分并测定主要化合物含量。结果表明：珍珠花抗氧化活性总黄酮最佳提取工艺为乙醇体积分数70%、液料比40:1、提取时间120 min、超声时间30 min,总黄酮含量(65.23±0.06)mg RT/g DW;ABTS⁺自由基清除能力TE当量值为(0.16±0.01)mmol TE/g,清除DPPH自由基IC₅₀值为(72.00±2.00)μg/m L,铁离子还原能力(0.37±0.02)mmol Fe²⁺/g。从提取物中鉴定到5种化合物,分别是咖啡酸、芥子酸、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷,其中紫云英苷含量为(507.55±0.04)μg/g DW。     

基于超滤-HPLC-MS/MS技术的苦荞提取物抑制线粒体肿胀活性研究

为了阐明苦荞对肝脏线粒体肿胀的抑制作用和物质基础，采用超滤技术，结合HPLC-MS/MS分析，研究苦荞中靶向肝脏线粒体发挥活性的功能成分。结果表明，苦荞含有丰富的总酚和总黄酮，其中以乙醇-麸皮粉提取物(YF)中总酚和总黄酮含量最高，为(32.48±0.37)mg GA/g DW和(63.06±0.21)mg rutin/g DW,丙酮和水提取物次之。同时，YF对FeSO₄-VC诱导的肝脏线粒体肿胀抑制效果最好，超滤-HPLC-MS/MS分析发现，苦荞YF中发挥肝脏线粒体肿胀抑制作用的主要活性成分为槲皮素、山奈酚、大黄素和L-苹果酸，其中槲皮素和山奈酚的效果优于大黄素和L-苹果酸。细胞实验进一步证实，槲皮素和山奈酚可有效恢复高脂诱导的线粒体膜电位下降，降低ROS水平，发挥线粒体保护作用。     

苦荞抗氧化肽AFYRW稳定性研究

为研究苦荞抗氧化肽AFYRW在生产加工、胃肠消化中的稳定性以及细胞毒性,以羟自由基(·OH)清除率和DPPH自由基清除率作为评价指标,研究pH值、温度、反复冻融、金属离子以及胃肠消化对苦荞抗氧化肽AFYRW体外抗氧化活性的影响,以红细胞溶血率评价细胞毒性。结果表明:高温、反复冻融、Na+、Mg²⁺对抗氧化肽AFYRW的抗氧化活性无显著影响;Ca²⁺会降低抗氧化肽AFYRW的DPPH自由基清除率,K+会提高抗氧化肽AFYRW的·OH清除率;体外模拟胃肠消化后或者pH值升高都会降低抗氧化肽AFYRW的抗氧化活性;苦荞抗氧化肽AFYRW对红细胞无溶血作用。综上苦荞抗氧化肽AFYRW具有良好的抗氧化活性,对红细胞无溶血作用,在生产和储存过程中,应避免过碱、接触Ca²⁺。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the