胡萝卜茎叶提取物对碳钢在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的缓蚀作用

目的研究胡萝卜茎叶提取物(DCSLE)在硫酸介质中对碳钢的腐蚀抑制作用及机理。方法通过超声辅助的手段,用水浸提获得DCSLE,利用红外光谱(FTIR)对其含有的主要官能团进行表征。在25~40℃下,采用失重法、电化学极化和阻抗法(EIS)评价DCSLE在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能,并讨论了其缓蚀机理。结果DCSLE对碳钢在0.5mol/LH2SO4溶液中的腐蚀具有良好的抑制效果,其缓蚀效率随浓度的增加而增加,随温度的增加而先增加后降低(40℃<25℃<30℃<35℃),35℃下,质量浓度为0.6g/L时,缓蚀效率为92.85%。电化学测试表明,DCSLE是混合型缓蚀剂,但主要是抑制阴极的反应。其缓蚀机理是:DCSLE以物理和化学混合吸附的方式吸附在碳钢表面,形成一层保护膜,从而阻止酸溶液的侵蚀,且吸附遵循Langmuir吸附等温模型。扫描电镜(SEM)观察到加入DCSLE后,碳钢的腐蚀得到了明显控制。结论DCSLE可以有效抑制碳钢在0.5mol/LH2SO4溶液介质中的腐蚀,是一种具有广泛应用前景的天然绿色缓蚀剂。     

长春花提取物对Q235碳钢在酸性溶液中的缓蚀作用

目的 开发一种绿色缓蚀剂,并研究它对碳钢在酸性溶液中的缓蚀作用及机理。方法 用体积分数为70%的乙醇水溶液回流获得长春花提取物(CR-E),通过失重实验、电化学综合实验、火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析CR-E对Q235碳钢在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中的缓蚀性能和机理。结果 CR-E对Q235碳钢在H₂SO₄溶液中的腐蚀具有良好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀效率随着CR-E浓度的增加而增大,在CR-E的质量浓度为1000mg/L时,缓蚀效率达到89.84%。添加CR-E后可迅速抑制腐蚀,并持续发挥缓蚀作用,在浸泡48 h后Q235碳钢的缓蚀效率仍可达89.99%;电化学综合实验结果表明,CR-E是一种有效的混合抑制型缓蚀剂,腐蚀反应的电荷转移电阻随着CR-E浓度的增加而增大,腐蚀电流密度则随之减小;通过FAAS证实阳极铁的溶解被抑制,通过FTIR证实CR-E分子可以有效吸附在Q235碳钢表面,通过SEM证实Q235碳钢表面受到了CR-E的...     

新型杂环化合物在0.5mol/LH_2SO_4中对Q235钢的缓蚀性能

通过失重试验、电化学测试以及量子化学计算方法研究了新型杂环噁二唑化合物1-苯基-2-{5-(1,2,4-三氮唑)-1甲基-(1,3,4-噁二唑)-2-硫}-乙酮(PTOE)在0.5 mol/L H2SO4中对Q235钢(碳钢)的缓蚀性能,并用扫描电镜方法观察了碳钢表面的腐蚀形貌.结果表明,PTOE在0.5 mol/L H2SO4中对Q235钢有高达92.7%的缓蚀作用,能同时抑制碳钢腐蚀的阴、阳极反应过程.碳钢的阻抗值随PTOE浓度增加而增大,其在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir等温式.同时用量子化学中的从头算方法对缓蚀剂的分子结构与缓蚀性能的关系进行了研究.     

向日葵盘提取物在0.5mol/L H2SO4溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀作用

以超声辅助法提取得到的向日葵盘提取物(HALE)为缓蚀剂,采用腐蚀浸泡试验、电化学试验研究HALE在0.5mol/L H2SO4溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀作用。结果表明:HALE对碳钢缓蚀效果良好,缓蚀率随HALE加量增加而增大,但随温度升高而降低;HALE在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,是以物理吸附为主的混合吸附;电化学测试结果表明HALE是偏阳极混合抑制型缓蚀剂。     

双苯并咪唑化合物对碳钢在H2SO4溶液中的缓蚀作用

通过腐蚀失重法、电化学法和扫描电镜等方法研究了双苯并咪唑化合物(BBB)对碳钢在0.25 mol/LH2SO4溶液中的缓蚀行为.结果表明,双苯并咪唑化合物缓蚀性能优异,缓蚀效率随缓蚀剂浓度增大而升高,且为同时抑制碳钢腐蚀阴阳极过程的混合型缓蚀剂.在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附规律.     

电化学方法研究凤尾草提取物对碳钢在酸洗液中的腐蚀抑制作用

利用线性极化、动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱等方法研究了凤尾草提取物对Q235碳钢在1 mol·L~(-1)HCl和0.5 mol·L~(-1)H_2SO_4溶液中的腐蚀抑制性能。结果表明,在两种酸溶液中凤尾草提取物均可明显减缓碳钢的腐蚀,作用机制为"几何覆盖效应";且其缓蚀性能随缓蚀剂浓度的增大而增强,最高缓蚀率均在85%以上。凤尾草提取物中的缓蚀剂分子在碳钢表面的吸附具有自发性,包括物理-化学吸附过程,同时满足Langmuir和Dhar-Flory-Huggins等温吸附方程。     

卤素阴离子对离子液体缓蚀性能的影响

通过电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线、扫描电镜和原子力显微镜等测试对比了不同卤素阴离子的咪唑基离子液体对 X70钢在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明,它们都属于混合型缓蚀剂,均可以有效地抑制X70 钢的腐蚀;且随着缓蚀剂浓度的增大,缓蚀效率逐渐增大;在浓度为 5 mmol/L 时,缓蚀效率达到最大。1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑碘盐 ([VBIM]I) 的缓蚀效率最高,其次为1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑氯盐 ([VBIM]Cl),而1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑溴盐 ([VBIM]Br) 的最低,这主要归因于I^-的特异性吸附。所研究离子液体缓蚀剂的阴离子和阳离子之间存在协同缓蚀作用,即离子液体的阴离子和阳离子都参与了对金属的缓蚀。     

IAA 在硫酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能研究

目的研究吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)在H2SO4(0.1 mol/L)溶液中对碳钢(Q235)的缓蚀性能,降低碳钢生产过程对环境的影响。方法采用动电位极化曲线测试、交流阻抗实验、失重实验和扫描电镜实验分析缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能及作用机理。结果 IAA的缓蚀效率随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加而逐渐增大,当IAA浓度增加到4×10-3mol/L时,缓蚀效率最高达到88.85%。温度升高,缓蚀效率降低,说明IAA不宜于高温下使用。IAA是一种混合型缓蚀剂,对阴极反应和阳极反应均有抑制作用,且在缓蚀剂分子吸附过程中,吸附在碳钢表面的水分子和缓蚀剂分子发生竞争吸附作用,能有效阻止H+的穿越,从而抑制腐蚀H+的放电。IAA在碳钢表面的吸附遵循Langmuir吸附等温模型,该吸附自发进行且是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用。缓蚀剂通过抑制腐蚀反应的活性点,提高活化能垒,防止碳钢溶解腐蚀。IAA在碳钢表面形成保护膜,减轻了腐蚀。结论 IAA是一种以抑制阳极反应为主的混合型缓蚀剂,在0.1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中能够对Q235碳钢起到优异的保护作用。     

酸性介质中氮杂环类缓蚀剂在碳钢上的吸附行为

合成了一种新型含氮杂环有机物:2-(4-叔丁基-苯甲基硫)-5-(1,2,4-三氮唑)-甲基-(1,3,4-噁二唑)(TBTO),通过交流阻抗、动电位极化、失重实验研究了其在酸性介质中的缓蚀效率,并用扫描电镜方法分析了碳钢表面的腐蚀形貌变化.结果表明:TBTO在0.5mol/L H2SO4中对Q235钢的缓蚀作用高达96.2%,能同时抑制碳钢腐蚀的阴、阳极反应过程;化合物在碳钢表面上的吸附行为服从Langmuir吸附等温式.同时用量子化学中的从头算方法对缓蚀剂的分子结构与缓蚀性能的关系进行了研究.     

氨基磺酸溶液中烷基咪唑啉对碳钢的缓蚀作用

采用失重实验、电化学和扫描电镜等方法研究了2-十一烷基-N-羧甲基-N-羟乙基咪唑啉(UHCI) 在8 mass%氨基磺酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀行为。失重实验表明,该缓蚀剂在氨基磺酸溶液中能够有效地抑制碳钢腐蚀,当缓蚀剂的质量分数为0.4 mass%时,碳钢腐蚀速率为0.6370 g/(m²•h),缓蚀效率达到90.12%。极化曲线测试结果表明,该缓蚀剂为混合型缓蚀剂。该缓蚀剂的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附机理是一种物理-化学混合吸附。扫描电镜结果也证明 UHCI可有效地抑制氨基磺酸对碳钢的腐蚀。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.