发酵乳杆菌(H0801)冻干保护剂的优化

以发酵乳杆菌为研究对象,研究冻干保护剂原料脱脂乳粉、海藻糖、麦芽糊精、VC钠及甘油对菌株冻干存活率的影响。实验通过单因素和正交实验确定最佳冻干保护剂组合并进行验证,在该保护剂配方下菌株冻干存活率为94.63%。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌(H0107)冻干保护剂的优化

以鼠李糖乳杆菌为研究对象,研究冻干保护剂脱脂乳粉、麦芽糊精、海藻糖、葡聚糖及甘油对菌株冻干存活率的影响。在鉴定菌种的基础上,先后通过单因素实验和正交实验得出最佳冻干保护剂组合,并进行验证,此配方冻干存活率为96.38%,根据配方的组成阐述冻干保护机理。     

蜂蜜蛋白复合固体饮料制备工艺研究

对喷雾干燥法制备蜂蜜蛋白复合固体饮料工艺进行了研究。通过正交试验得出最佳喷雾干燥工艺参数为进风温度210℃、进料速率20mL/min、离心转速24000r/min,最佳配方为蜂蜜40.0%、低DE值麦芽糊精38.0%、脱脂乳粉16.4%、大豆分离蛋白1.5%、β-环状糊精4.1%,在该工艺条件下原料营养损失很小。     

发酵核桃粕复合粉中乳酸菌保护剂的筛选

采用Plackett-Burman设计筛选试验,从谷氨酸钠、脱脂乳粉、海藻糖、麦芽糊精、蔗糖、阿拉伯胶、甘油7个因素中对发酵核桃粕复合粉乳酸菌的保护剂进行筛选,再采用最陡爬坡试验确定响应面的中心点,最后采用Box-Behnken试验对其进行优化。结果表明,经Plackett-Burman设计筛选后,对乳酸菌活菌率影响较突出的为海藻糖、脱脂乳粉、麦芽糊精;经响应面优化后最佳保护剂配比为海藻糖2.23%、脱脂乳粉2.50%、麦芽糊精2.77%,再经真空干燥制粉,活菌总数为9.71×108 CFU/mL,能最大限度保留乳酸菌的活菌数。     

嗜酸乳杆菌冷冻干燥过程中保护剂的筛选及液氮预冻

冻干乳酸菌发酵剂在乳品生产中的优势日益明显,对其研究尤为重要。通过正交试验设计,优化适合嗜酸乳杆菌的最佳冻干保护剂配方为：脱脂乳粉15%、海藻糖4%、VC 1%、谷氨酸钠1.5%。在冷冻干燥中,通过实验发现,用液氮预冻比在普通的冷冻干燥条件下预冻嗜酸乳杆菌的存活率要高。此外,用液氮预冻时,不同的液滴大小对嗜酸乳杆菌的存活率也有影响,液滴越小,存活率越高。     

一株植物乳杆菌的真空冷冻干燥工艺优化

为提高一株植物乳杆菌的冻干成活率,从而提高单批生产效率。从植物乳杆菌的冻干保护剂配方着手,通过查阅相关文献[1,2],确定以脱脂乳粉、海藻糖、麦芽糊精及水为保护剂配方的主要成分,通过四因子三水平正交试验,确定了最佳保护剂配方为:脱脂乳粉8%,海藻糖10%,麦芽糊精8%,水66%。其中菌泥与保护剂的配比为1∶3,即一公斤菌泥需与三公斤的保护剂混合。     

嗜酸乳杆菌冻干影响因子的研究

传统的乳酸菌发酵剂因活化过程复杂,极易引起污染而影响发酵乳的质量。目前,多采用冷冻干燥技术制备直投式粉末状乳酸发酵剂。然而,菌种冻干时机的把握和冻干保护剂的选择,将直接影响乳酸菌在冷冻干燥前后的存活率以及存活期。本文研究了嗜酸乳杆菌的生长曲线,选用蔗糖、乳糖、甘油、VC、谷氨酸钠、麦芽糊精、脱脂乳粉等为嗜酸乳杆菌冻干保护剂进行了冻干研究。结果表明:①嗜酸乳杆菌发酵液培养至酸度为100°T、pH值4.8时,OD410nm=0.511为最大,是最佳发酵终止时间;②嗜酸乳杆菌冻干保护剂配方以5%麦芽糊精、2%VC、5%甘油为最佳冻干保护剂组合,此时嗜酸乳杆菌冻干菌粉活菌数为2.34×109cfu/g。     

醋酸菌冷冻、冷干保护剂的选择

为提高醋酸菌在冷冻及冷干过程中的存活率,考察了10种不同保护剂分别对醋化醋杆菌和巴氏醋杆菌巴士亚种存活率的影响,评价了10种不同保护剂对醋酸菌的冷冻及冷干保护作用。结果发现,醋化醋杆菌的冷冻存活率:海藻糖(73.58%)玉米糊精(62.26%)脱脂乳粉(60.38%),明显高于对照的24.53%(P0.05);巴氏醋杆菌巴士亚种的冷冻存活率:葡聚糖(95.35%)脱脂乳粉(89.53%)玉米糊精(88.37%)海藻糖(52.32%),与对照的2.23%存在显著差异(P0.05);醋化醋杆菌的冷干存活率:脱脂乳粉(92.86%)乳糖(81.25%)葡萄糖(46.88%),明显高于对照的22.25%(P0.05);巴氏醋杆菌巴士亚种的冷干存活率:脱脂乳粉(72.92%)海藻糖(31.25%),与对照的12.08%存在显著差异(P0.05);其他的保护剂针对不同的菌株也呈现出不同程度的保护效果。海藻糖和脱脂乳粉可优先用于醋酸杆菌保护剂的研究。     

黑豆纳豆激酶冻干保护剂的选择

在添加壳聚糖的条件下,考察脱脂乳粉、蔗糖、麦芽糊精、麦芽糖、乳糖、海藻糖、山梨醇、抗坏血酸8种冻干保护剂对黑豆纳豆激酶冻干过程的保护效果。以纳豆激酶酶活保持率和纳豆菌存活率为指标,最终确定4种复合冻干保护剂组合,添加量分别为:脱脂乳粉16%,抗坏血酸1.2%,麦芽糊精8%,蔗糖8%。在此条件下,冻干后的纳豆激酶酶活保持率为79.8%,纳豆菌存活率为83.2%,效果较单一保护剂有较大提升。     

乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种冷冻干燥保护剂优化及其贮藏稳定性

采用单因素试验、Plackett-Burman试验设计和Box-Behnken响应面法,筛选和优化乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种KLDS4.0326真空冷冻干燥保护剂工艺,并分析冻干菌粉在不同温度下的贮藏稳定性。结果表明：脱脂乳粉、海藻糖和甘油含量是影响菌体细胞存活率的关键因素;以菌体细胞存活率为响应值,对3 个因素进行优化分析,保护剂最佳配比为：脱脂乳粉10.77 g/100 mL、海藻糖7.81 g/100 mL、甘油3.31 g/100 mL,此条件下菌体细胞存活率为（87.43±1.62）%,与理论预测值接近。在4 ℃和25 ℃条件下保藏12 个月后,菌体细胞存活率分别为40.63%和8.67%,冻干菌粉在4 ℃条件下具有更高贮藏稳定性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the