Comparisons of the MMPI and Mini-Mult.

Compared the MMPI with 2 forms of the Mini-Mult test, 1 extracted from the full MMPI and 1 administered separately. Across 6 samples of psychiatric patients (N = 252), correlations between comparable scales ranged from .33-.96, with the extracted form having a higher median correlation. High-point codes derived from both forms of the Mini-Mult yielded poor agreement with MMPI codes, especially for the separately administered Mini-Mult. It is concluded that the Mini-Mult is not a reliable substitute for the MMPI, but can be used to estimate global pathology. (French summary) (15 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of the standard MMPI and the Mini-Mult in a psychiatric outpatient clinic.

Obtained comparisons between the standard MMPI and the Mini-Mult for a sample of 39 male and 39 female patients in an outpatient psychiatric service of a large urban hospital. Findings indicate that while the Mini-Mult is sensitive to psychopathology, it underestimates extreme scores and is not an accurate substitute for the MMPI in predicting clinical types. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of the MMPI and the Mini-Mult in a psychiatric outpatient clinic

Data from 86 female and 64 male clients of an outpatient clinic suggest that the Mini-Mult is useful in clinical situations in which time is important, perhaps for screening patients in clinics where paraprofessionals are used. In general, there was close correspondence among the data; however, significant differences were found between the Mini-Mult and the complete MMPI scores for the F and Ma scales. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reliability and scale equivalence of the Mini-Mult and MMPI.

Evaluated the reliability of an abbreviated form of the MMPI (the Mini-Mult) and its degree of correspondence with the MMPI in 60 hospitalized schizophrenic veterans. The major results indicate respectable validity and reliability coefficients for Mini-Mult Scales F, K, 2, 6, 7, and 8. Scales 3 and 9 resulted in somewhat lower coefficients, with Scales L, 1, and 4 indicating either poor reliability or contradictory results pertaining to their relationship to the MMPI. Estimates of the mean loss in reliability of the Mini-Mult scales were 25.8% and 19.5%. Results also indicate the mean loss in degree of correspondence to be 21.6%. The possibility of coefficient inflation is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correspondence between Mini-Mult and standard MMPI scale scores in patients with neurological disease.

Explored the possible utility of the Mini-Mult vs the standard MMPI in 18 patients with left hemisphere lesions, 18 with right hemisphere lesions, and 18 non-brain-damaged medical controls. Close correspondence was found between mean Mini-Mult and standard MMPI scale scores for all scales except scale 9. Although all correlations were significant beyond the .01 level, only scales L, K, 1, 2, and 3 reached acceptable levels of equivalence. The Mini-Mult correctly predicted the MMPI high-scale score only 55.5% of the time. It is suggested that the poor predictive value of the Mini-Mult for the individual, despite adequate group prediction, reflects weakness in the test rather than sampling differences due to severity of illness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MMPI characteristics of alcoholics: A review.

Empirical research concerning the usefulness of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in the identification of personality characteristics of alcoholics is reviewed. Scales, profile configurations, and item analyses are discussed. No single personality type is characteristic of all alcoholics. Although six cluster types occur with consistency, none of these types is unique to alcoholics. A focus on individual differences in future research and treatment planning is suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multivariate classification of alcoholics by means of the MMPI.

Performed a multivariate correlation grouping technique on the clinical and validity scales of the MMPI over 2 independent samples composed of 481 hospitalized alcoholics. 4 alcoholic types were identified and, from actuarial studies of the MMPI, all appeared to be addictive personality patterns. The most common type was characterized by poorly controlled anger and other open forms of emotional expression in frustrating situations. (19 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Mini-Mult with drug users.

Data from 60 male drug addicts and users support previous findings that when correlations between corresponding MMPI and Mini-Mult scales are used, there is good correspondence; however, there is low accuracy with respect to clinical evaluation and high-point correspondence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ability of alcoholics to escape detection by the MMPI.

The ability of two groups of respondents to dissimulate successfully on special alcohol scales and validity measures of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was evaluated. Forty White male alcohol-dependent inpatients and 40 matched nonalcoholic general medical patients each completed the MMPI twice: once under instructions to answer honestly and once under dissimulation instructions. Results showed that, under honest conditions, any of six special alcohol scales had a hit rate of about 80%. In the dissimulation condition, both alcoholic and medical patients were capable of producing significantly more benign profiles on both the general clinical and the special alcohol scales. However, the Positive Malingering (Mp) and Social Desirability (Sd) dissimulation scales were able to detect approximately 80% of the deceptive profiles, whereas others were somewhat less accurate. When the best dissimulation scale (Mp) and the best special alcohol scale (MacAndrew; MAC) were used in this study, only 3 of 40 dissimulating alcoholics were not identified as either alcoholics or dissimulators. Implications for use of the MMPI as an instrument for alcoholism screening are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Utility of the Mini-Mult with delinquents.

Investigated the accuracy with which the Mini-Mult, a 71-item short form of the MMPI, could predict features of the standard MMPI in a nonpsychiatric population of 100 male and 25 female delinquents. The Mini-Mult and MMPI were administered in that order to all Ss with a 24-48 hr. intertest interval. Group results for both sexes show good correspondence between Mini-Mult and MMPI scores, while individual profile pairs suggest that for these Ss the Mini-Mult allows few conclusions about the validity, high points, or general elevation of an MMPI profile obtained soon after. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MMPI characteristics of college freshman males who later became alcoholics.

Compared the MMPI scores of 32 college freshman males later hospitalized as alcoholics with scores of 148 control male classmates for clinical, content scale, and item differences. The prealcoholics were significantly higher on the Psychopathic Deviate, Hypomania and F scales. It is concluded that the college prealcoholic is more likely to be impulsive, nonconforming, and gregarious but is otherwise not grossly maladjusted compared to his peers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Indianism" and MMPI scores of men alcoholics

Mean MMPI profiles of 40 Indian and 40 White veterans were similar, but "Indianism," as measured by the Indian Culturalization Test, was significantly related to scores on Hs, Hy, Pt and Sc scales. Caution is advised in using the MMPI in the diagnosis of Indians' psychiatric problems.     

MMPI differences between alcoholics and drug abusers: Effect of age and race.

Inpatients in Veterans Administration substance-abuse treatment programs voluntarily took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) as part of a routine clinical evaluation. The alcohol-dependence-only group (n?=?207) were older (M?=?49.6 years) and had a higher percentage of White Ss (72.9%) than did either the drug-dependence group (n?=?49, M?=?32.9 years, Whites?=?53.1%) or a mixed alcohol- and drug-dependence group (n?=?160, M?=?35.0 years, Whites?=?60.0%). Previously reported differences between alcoholics and drug abusers in depression and psychopathy were obtained when age and race were not used as covariates, but no differences were found when the effects of age and race were statistically controlled. Mixed alcohol and drug abusers had somewhat more pathological MMPI scores than did alcoholics, even when effects due to age and race were partialed out. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Homogeneous subscales for the Mini-Mult.

Assessed the dimensionality of the Mini-Mult item set in order to construct homogeneous subscales that parallel the primary dimensions for clinical and research use. Three Mini-Mult subscales, containing 21, 20, and 16 items, were identified on the basis of data from 312 rehabilitation clients: Low Morale, Somatization, and Psychotic Distortion Paranoia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of indicators of homosexuality on the MMPI.

Ss were 97 male psychiatric outpatients independently classified as "overt homosexuals," "homosexually concerned," or "nonhomosexual." MMPI profiles were evaluated in terms of Mf elevation, Mf rank, MFI (Aaronson's Masculinity-Femininity Index), and HSX (Panton's Homosexuality scale). Results show that the Mf-scale related measures significantly differentiated Ss who admit to and are worried about homosexuality from Ss who are neither overt homoseuxals nor worried about it. These measures show no significant differences between the "homosexually concerned" and the "overt homosexual" groups. The MFI and HSX scales did not differentiate among the experimental groups, and it is concluded that the applicability of these scales is dependent on the samples studied. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Chronological age differences in MMPI scores of male chronic alcoholics seeking treatment.

M. Gynther's (1979) general hypothesis that older Ss self-report better adjustment on the MMPI than do younger Ss was tested among 616 male chronic alcoholics classified into 5 age groups: 30 or younger, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, and 61 or older. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance and covariance supported Gynther's general hypothesis as well as 3 specific corollary hypotheses predicting that older alcoholics, relative to younger alcoholics, are lower in impulsivity-control difficulties and higher in health concerns, but are not different in social introversion. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Discriminant analysis of MMPI profiles for demographic classifications of male alcoholics

White leghorn cockerels of the same age with combs of about equal size and raised under identical conditions were injected with melatonin, 5-methoxytryptophol, or with 5-methoxytryptophol in combination with melatonin. Melatonin, injected in animals with small comb sizes, has no effect on testicular growth, whereas an inhibiting effect is noticed in animals with larger comb sizes. The 5-methoxytryptophol treated animals demonstrated stimulated testicular growth, which can be interpreted as an acceleration of the rhythm of growth. The stimulatory effect on testicular growth is more distinct if 5-methoxytryptophol is injected in combination with melatonin.     

Comparison of linear and configural MMPI diagnostic methods with an uncontaminated criterion.

Suggests that previous studies of linear and configural MMPI diagnostic predictors have suffered from varying degrees of criterion contamination. Previous findings were replicated and extended with 572 male veterans, mean age 37.7 yrs, who were evaluated at the time of application for treatment with the Current and Past Psychopathology Scales. Ss were also administered the Shipley-Institute of Living Scale for Measuring Intellectual Impairment and were diagnostically classified without MMPI contamination. The Goldberg linear equations derived from MMPI group profiles achieved 84% accuracy in classifying group profiles and a 14% increment over base-rate accuracy in classifying individual profiles. The Goldberg linear equation and several configural methods for discriminating psychotics from neurotics were compared. The linear equation was found to be most accurate. Conflicting results in previous articles suggest that criterion contamination must be avoided in prediction studies. A possible use for the group profile classification equations in evaluating experimental studies is suggested. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Efficacy of the Mini-Mult validity scales with prisoners

The authors studied the ability of the Kincannon Mini-Mult validity scales to detect invalid standard MMPI protocols of adult male prisoners. The original MMPI records of 1407 Ss were rescored by use of Kincannon's items for the L, F, and K Scales. Analysis consisted of examining the frequency with which the Mini-Mult would detect an invalid protocol when at least one of the original MMPI validity scales also was elevated and invalid. Results indicate that the Mini-Mult failed to detect nearly 75% of the profiles that were invalid due to an elevated F scale on the parent MMPI. Similarly, over 50% of the profiles invalid due to elevated L and/or K scales were not detected by the Mini-Mult. Despite the appealing brevity of this 71-item short form of the MMPI, caution is advised with regard to its use in penal settings.