联合电解催化交换系统分离氢同位素影响因素研究

利用建立起来的理论模型,深入研究了联合电解催化交换（Combined Electrolysis and Catalytic Exchange,CECE）工艺中各种因素对氢同位素分离性能的影响。电解池分离因子的提高对浓缩倍数和脱氚率均有显著影响,降低电解池滞留量是提高浓缩倍数的有效手段。进料位置在1．5m处系统性能好于3m处;催化剂传质系数在3—4mol·m-3·s-1范围内,浓缩倍数和脱氚率基本呈线性增长。各种因素对HD／H2O和HT／H2O两个体系的影响具有相似的规律性,由于热力学因素的差异,相同条件下,HT／H2O体系分离性能好于HD／H2O。     

低温精馏氢同位素分离影响因素研究

本文系统研究了低温精馏氢同位素分离中总板数、进料位置、回流比、采出率等操作条件对系统分离性能的影响,获得了精馏柱上的浓度和温度分布.随着进液位置向底端移动,再沸器和冷凝器中HD浓度均减小;随着回流比的增大,再沸器和冷凝器中HD浓度均减小;顶端采出率增大,再沸器中HD浓度明显增大;在相同的总板数下,H2/HD和D2/DT两个体系的分离特性明显有差别.     

Separation of boron isotopes using isotopic exchange between BF3 and a complex of BF3 with phenetole

The thermal dissociation of the complex of BF₃ with phenetole in the temperature region 172–182° C was studied. It was shown that at water concentrations no greater than 0.01–0.02%, the completeness of thermal dissocation is sufficient to obtain highly concentrated B¹⁰. The influence of additions of phenol, which also forms a complex with BF₃, upon thermal dissociation of the complex was studied. Experiments on the separation of boron isotopes were conducted on a laboratory column 0.94 m high and 16 mm in diameter. The values of BETT for 15, 25, and 35° C were calculated according to the degree of dissociation in the standard state. The results of the experiments on a laboratory column confirmed the data on thermal dissociation, obtained on a model apparatus.Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol.22, No.4, pp.297–302, April. 1967.     

Determination of the separation factor of lithium isotopes in ion exchange

The isotopic equilibrium between the solutions of lithium salts (LiOH and LiCl) and SBS, KU-2, and Dowex-50 cationites is investigated. It is shown that, in the first place, the Li⁷ isotope was concentrated in the solution in all the cases which were investigated; in the second place, there is a dependence of the separation factor value on the nature of the cationite; in the third place, in 1 N to 5 N solutions of LiCl, the value of a does not depend on the concentration of the solution.In conclusion, we extend our sincere thanks to Professor G. K. Boreskov for his advice and continued interest in the work.     

Laser-induced separation of isotopes

Conclusion In the last 10–15 years of intensive research on basically new approaches to isotope separation by isotope-selective excitation of atoms and molecules of the required isotope composition and by subsequent photophysical or photochemical conversion of the excited particles, there have been found new specific techniques which provide all the parameters required for the elementary separation event: separation coefficients, energy consumption, yield of the process, etc. The broad spectrum of these new techniques in principle even now makes it possible to reliably plan a laser technique for the isotope separation of almost any element of the periodic system. A successfully concluded stage of search investigations has led to a stage of developing complete laser separation processes, establishing similarity laws, and building pilot plants for isotopes to which the new techniques are indicated for economic reasons or other reasons. Interest is focused now upon the additional requirements, namely the cost of the initial raw materials, the consumption of energy for preparing the material to be irradiated in the required state (chemical compounds of specific type, state of aggregation of the material), the efficiency and safety of the chemical treatment of the enriched material, the capital expenditures for building the lasers needed, the reliability of their operation, etc. The laser-induced isotope separation techniques described make use of three different types of lasers with a high pulse repetition frequency; these lasers can be termed the laser basis for the corresponding separation techniques: dye lasers of the visible range, UV excimer lasers, and IR CO₂ lasers in combination with various frequency conversion techniques. To the extent to which these laser types can be converted into highly reliable systems with an average power in excess of 1 kW, the time of the industrial use of the laser-induced isotope separation techniques described is approached.Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 252–262, April, 1987.     

SISAK快速化学分离装置的建立

SISAK(Short-lived Isotopes Studies by the AKUFVE technique)技术是目前使用最广泛的快速化学分离方法之一,主要应用在短寿命核素的分离和鉴别、超重元素的人工合成以及化学性质研究等方面的工作中.本文简单地叙述了SISAK技术的流程、原理和发展现状,介绍了自行建立的国内第一套基于SISAK技术的快速化学分离装置,并通过从裂变产物中分离短寿命核素这一实例验证了SISAK技术在快速化学分离中的优越性.     

Advances in boron-10 isotope separation by chemical exchange distillation

Advances in boron-10 isotope separation by chemical exchange distillation are reviewed in this article. With a brief introduction of the principle of the separation, the progress on the research of this method and the problems relating to the separation coefficient are discussed. Several new donors, including nitromethane, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), which have large separation factors are introduced. The complexes of these new donors and boron trifluoride (BF₃) are more stable than those of using the donors examined before. Among these new donors nitromethane could be a promising substitute for donors in present use to develop new technology of separating boron-10.     

Electromagnetic separation of actinide isotopes

This report describes the design and technical characteristics of the electromagnetic mass-separator S-2 VNIIEF employed in the production of highly enriched isotopes of heavy actinide elements with a small relative difference of mass numbers. The mass-separator S-2 provides highly enriched isotopes in amounts adequate for nuclear physics and applied investigations. The technological procedure is presented, as well as the operational results over many years in the production of highly enriched isotopes of uranium, plutonium, americium and curium.     

Plasma centrifuge for separation of metal elements and isotopes

Centrifugal separation of elements has been explored in rapidly rotating metal plasmas. The plasma is produced and driven into rotation by cross-field, vacuum discharge in a coaxial plasma gun. A large separation factor is measured in Cu/Zn plasmas. In particular, a hollow density profile which improves the separative power is found to be established in the plasma column.