A novel method for the simultaneous determination of 14 sweeteners of regulatory interest using UHPLC-MS/MS

An improved, efficient, sensitive method for the determination of 14 non-nutritive sweeteners in food products was developed using electrospray ionisation (ESI) ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in the negative-ion mode. Fourteen sweeteners and three internal standards were separated on a reversed-phase UHPLC column using a simple gradient programme. Analyte quantitation and confirmation were performed with data collection in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Limits of detection (LODs) were determined in a representative drink, candy and yogurt sample and ranged from 0.1 to 1.8 ng ml^–1 (drinks) and from 0.1 to 2.5 ng g^–1 (candy and yogurt). Repeatability at the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 1% to 13% relative standard deviation (RSD). Twenty-seven commercially available food products were tested using the optimised method showing that the majority of products contained sweetener concentrations below their assigned maximum usable dose. Recovery studies were performed and accuracy data are presented.     

Sweet processed foods in Brazil: use of sugar and sweeteners,inclusion of sugar claims and impact on nutritional profile

This study characterised the main sweet beverages and food products marketed in Brazil regarding (i) the addition of sugar/sweeteners, (ii) nutritional profile and (iii) sugar claims. Results revealed that most of the beverages had added sweeteners, while food products were mainly sweetened with sugar. Moreover, >90% of the powdered products had added sweeteners. ‘Zero sugar’ (46%) and ‘light’ (55%) were the most common sugar claims in sugar-free and reduced-sugar products, respectively. Powdered products, soya drinks and baked products included claims less frequently. Regarding the nutritional profile, beverages with sugar substitution had a proportionally greater reduction in the content of carbohydrates and calories (up to 99%, for both) in relation to food (<82% and <85%, respectively). The results suggest that reducing sugar in solid foods remains a greater challenge than in beverages and that this reduction has less impact on the final energy density of foods.     

日本健康相关食品的分类与管理

在国家大健康战略背景下,我国保健食品产业将面临巨大的发展机遇,目前正在调整保健食品管理的相关政策与法规,而日本有相对成熟、先进的食品管理体系,值得我国借鉴与参考。因此,本文介绍了日本在推进健康相关食品分类发展方面的进展与措施,重点介绍健康辅助食品、特定保健用食品、营养素功能食品、功能性标识食品等健康相关食品及健康声称的管理,为今后我国在健康与健康声称食品的分类管理、保健食品健康声称的分类审批与管理等方面制定和完善相关政策与法规提供参考,更好地推进我国保健食品产业的持续稳定发展。     

Traditional Fermented Foods and Beverages from a Microbiological and Nutritional Perspective: The Colombian Heritage

Fermentation has been used for preserving foods for centuries prior to the invention of pasteurization and sterilization, and every culture has a variety of fermented products as part of its diet. This paper reviews the diversity of fermented foods and beverages from Latin America; these fermented products are produced by traditional methods that exploit mixed cultures of various nonpathogenic microorganisms. Fermented foods covered in this review include maize, cassava, palm sap, sugar cane juice, cocoa, and milk. We explore the history of some Colombian fermented foods and beverages, which are today part of the tradition of some ethnic groups, and evaluate their technology, microbiology, the presence of some nutritional factors, and safety concerns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 1st systematic review on Colombian fermented beverages and foods, and we believe that it may contribute to valorize these products that are still part of the Latin America tradition.     

Impact of sweetness on the sensory acceptance of passion fruit nectar in Brazilian geographic regions

Passion fruit is the fourth most consumed fruit by the Brazilian population, especially in the form of juice, usually associated with the addition of sucrose. This study aimed to evaluate the ideal sucrose concentration, and its impact on the consumer's acceptance of passion fruit nectar, sweetened with non-caloric sweeteners as sucrose replacers in five Brazilian geographic regions. The acceptance scores evaluated by anova and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test indicated that sucralose-sweetened samples were the most accepted, with no differences from the sucrose-sweetened sample (P < 0.05), with a positive purchase intention in the five regions studied (>50%). However, differences in the acceptance scores were observed for the other sweeteners among the regions. Despite the difference in the sweetness perception among the Brazilian geographic regions, it may not be the only determining factor in the acceptance of passion fruit nectar sweetened with non-caloric sweeteners.     

Raynaud's Phenomenon and the Possible Use of Foods

ABSTRACT: In this article we focus on the possible use of foods to alleviate Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). RP is evoked, predominately, by cold and results in a potent vascular constriction of the microvascular blood vessels in the hands, thus leading to reduced hand blood flow and the elevation of pain sensation. To alleviate RP by diet, food components need to be able to promote hand skin blood flow, which may be achieved using fish oil, garlic, ginkgo biloba, L-carnitine, or inositol nicotinate, or to increase hand skin temperature, using evening primrose oil, ginkgo biloba, or inositol nicotinate. Although there are a number of studies documenting such improvements with these ingredients, they often are poorly designed. Hence, there is a need for more controlled studies to substantiate their use, but also to test alternative foods or target new ones. Therefore, we also discuss some alternate food options and briefly outline clinical drugs for the treatment of RP, as their mechanisms of action may also be possible targets for food. It is the intention of this article to address the research needs of this field and to provide a better understanding of alternative options for those with RP.     

Use of Soaking and Enrichment for Improving the Content and Bioavailability of Calcium, Iron, and Zinc in Complementary Foods and Diets of Rural Malawian Weanlings

ABSTRACT: Effect of enrichment and aqueous extraction on Ca, Fe, Zn, hexa (IP-6), and penta (IP-5) inositol phosphate content of slurries or porridges prepared from fresh and stored maize flour (MF) was investigated. IP-5 + IP-6 in fresh MF was higher than stored but after soaking in water and decanting, more IP-5 + IP-6 was lost from fresh MF, so final [Phy] [Zn] molar ratios became similar (18 compared with 20). Enriching MF porridges with fish flour increased Ca and Zn, and after soaking in water and decanting reduced IP-5 + IP-6, thus decreasing [Phy]:[Zn], [Phy]:[Fe], and [Phy]:[Ca] molar ratios. Using Ca, Fe, Zn, IP-5 + IP-6 values for soaked enriched porridges, simulated Ca, Fe, and Zn intakes for Malawian infants were higher, but still inadequate.     

军用功能性食品功效成分的研究进展

军用功能食品的研制与开发逐步走向系列化、营养化、功能化、标准化,并且高新技术在此方面的应用越来越多。本文通过介绍军用功能性食品的研究现状和发展范围,分析了其抗疲劳、抗辐射、抗缺氧、抗应激等保健功能成分及其军用食品的研究现状,旨在对提高军用功能性食品的发展提供建议。     

Use of Volatiles as Indicators of Lipid Oxidation in Muscle Foods

Lipid oxidation has long been recognized as a leading cause of quality deterioration in muscle foods and is often the decisive factor in determining food product storage life. Lipid oxidation generates a number of products, including volatile compounds, which are the major contributors to the development of rancid off‐flavors and odors. Over the years, methodologies have been developed to quantify lipid oxidation products in muscle foods. This article reviews the analytical methods that have been used to quantify volatile compounds as indicators of lipid oxidation in muscle foods. The sampling methodologies of distillation/solvent extraction and headspace analysis, and isolation methods associated with gas chromatographic (GC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses are discussed. Within gas chromatographic methodologies, headspace (HS) sampling (static HS, dynamic purge‐and‐trap HS techniques, and solid‐phase microextraction [SPME]) are addressed.     

面包、饮料、香肠和其他休闲食品中山梨酸和苯甲酸的检测及分析

针对2016年至2018年天津市内各大超市和其他零售点的面包、饮料、香肠和其他休闲食品进行抽样检测分析,测定其中山梨酸和苯甲酸添加量。结果表明各年度所测食品中山梨酸和苯甲酸平均含量相对稳定并且近些年的添加量有所降低。灌肠类肉制品中山梨酸和苯甲酸的含量相对较高,不同类型的果肉饮料其山梨酸和苯甲酸添加量差异较大。所有样品山梨酸和苯甲酸的添加量均符合国家标准限量要求。     

The Beneficial Use of Cereal and Cereal Components in Probiotic Foods

Cereals and cereal components can be used as fermentation substrates for probiotic organisms imparting prebiotic effects. Consumer interest in healthy functional foods has resulted in the need for food products with versatile health-benefiting properties. The conventional choice for probiotic food applications has been dairy-based products, but whole grain-based probiotic functional foods have debuted in Japan and Europe. In the US, pro- and prebiotics are mainly marketed as dietary supplements, but are moving towards inclusion in the diet as mainstream foods. Cereal constituents, such as wheat bran-based ingredients fermented with probiotics, would enhance consumer health with the benefits of probiotics, bran fiber, and healthful bioactive components.     

制备低苯丙氨酸特膳食品的研究进展

低苯丙氨酸特膳食品是苯丙酮尿症患者日常饮食所需的食品,但目前仍存在苯丙氨酸不达标、大多人工合成、安全性不足等问题,因此制备低苯丙氨酸特膳食品备受关注。本文就蛋白原料的筛选、蛋白中苯丙氨酸的游离、苯丙氨酸的吸附、特膳食品的开发等方面进行综述,重点围绕苯丙氨酸充分游离与高效脱除进行分析,同时指出目前该研究领域中存在的酶制剂特异性不足、吸附剂专一性不够等问题,并对未来的研究重点进行展望,以期为低苯丙氨酸特膳食品的制备研究及其产品研发提供参考。     

无糖食品甜味剂的应用及其安全性

本文主要对无糖产品中的糖醇,低聚糖,高倍甜味剂等甜味剂原料的应用概况及其安全性进行综述.     

Effects of Potato Fiber and Potato‐Resistant Starch on Biomarkers of Colonic Health in Rats Fed Diets Containing Red Meat

Abstract: The effects of red meat consumption with and without fermentable carbohydrates on indices of large bowel health in rats were examined. Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed cellulose, potato fiber, or potato‐resistant starch diets containing 12% casein for 2 wk, then similar diets containing 25% cooked beef for 6 wk. After week 8, cecal and colonic microbiota composition, fermentation end‐products, colon structure, and colonocyte DNA damage were analyzed. Rats fed potato fiber had lower Bacteroides‐Prevotella‐Porphyromonas group compared to other diet groups. Colonic Bifidobacterium spp. and/or Lactobacillus spp. were higher in potato fiber and potato‐resistant starch diets than in the cellulose diet. Beneficial changes were observed in short‐chain fatty acid concentrations (acetic, butyric, and propionic acids) in rats fed potato fiber compared with rats fed cellulose. Phenol and p‐cresol concentrations were lower in the cecum and colon of rats fed potato fiber. An increase in goblet cells per crypt and longer crypts were found in the colon of rats fed potato fiber and potato‐resistant starch diets. Fermentable carbohydrates had no effect on colonic DNA damage. Dietary combinations of red meat with potato fiber or potato‐resistant starch have distinctive effects in the large bowel. Future studies are essential to examine the efficacy of different types of nondigestible carbohydrates in maintaining colonic health during long‐term consumption of high‐protein diets. Practical Application: Improved understanding of interactions between the food consumed and gut microbiota provides knowledge needed to make healthier food choices for large bowel health. The impact of red meat on large bowel health may be ameliorated by consuming with fermentable dietary fiber, a colonic energy source that produces less harmful by‐products than the microbial breakdown of colonic protein for energy. Developing functional red meat products with fermentable dietary fiber could be one way to promote a healthy and balanced macronutrient diet.     

低过敏以及抗过敏食品研究进展

食物过敏已成为一种社会问题 ,引起人们的关注。本文综述了目前有关食物过敏研究所取得的进展 ,包括食物过敏机制、国外对即时性食物过敏的研究动向、食物中的过敏原研究概况、食物中的抗过敏因子、低过敏以及抗过敏食品的开发现状等。     

Preference Mapping of Lemon Lime Carbonated Beverages with Regular and Diet Beverage Consumers

The drivers of liking of lemon‐lime carbonated beverages were investigated with regular and diet beverage consumers. Ten beverages were selected from a category survey of commercial beverages using a D‐optimal procedure. Beverages were subjected to consumer testing (n = 101 regular beverage consumers, n = 100 diet beverage consumers). Segmentation of consumers was performed on overall liking scores followed by external preference mapping of selected samples. Diet beverage consumers liked 2 diet beverages more than regular beverage consumers. There were no differences in the overall liking scores between diet and regular beverage consumers for other products except for a sparkling beverage sweetened with juice which was more liked by regular beverage consumers. Three subtle but distinct consumer preference clusters were identified. Two segments had evenly distributed diet and regular beverage consumers but one segment had a greater percentage of regular beverage consumers (P < 0.05). The 3 preference segments were named: cluster 1 (C1) sweet taste and carbonation mouthfeel lovers, cluster 2 (C2) carbonation mouthfeel lovers, sweet and bitter taste acceptors, and cluster 3 (C3) bitter taste avoiders, mouthfeel and sweet taste lovers. User status (diet or regular beverage consumers) did not have a large impact on carbonated beverage liking. Instead, mouthfeel attributes were major drivers of liking when these beverages were tested in a blind tasting. Practical Application : Preference mapping of lemon‐lime carbonated beverage with diet and regular beverage consumers allowed the determination of drivers of liking of both populations. The understanding of how mouthfeel attributes, aromatics, and basic tastes impact liking or disliking of products was achieved. Preference drivers established in this study provide product developers of carbonated lemon‐lime beverages with additional information to develop beverages that may be suitable for different groups of consumers.     

Minimally Processed Functional Foods: Technological and Operational Pathways

This paper offers a concise review of technical and operational concepts underpinning commercialization of minimally processed functional foods (FFs), foods with fresh‐like qualities commanding premium prices. The growing number of permitted nutritional content/health claims, many of which relate to well‐being, coupled with emerging extraction and food processing technologies offers new exciting opportunities for small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) specializing in fresh produce to play an active role in the health market. Supporting SMEs, governments could benefit from savings in healthcare costs and value creation in the economy. Consumers could benefit from novel FF formats such as refrigerated RTE (ready‐to‐eat) meals, a variety of fresh‐like meat‐, fish‐, and egg‐based products, fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables, cereal‐based fermented foods and beverages. To preserve these valuable commodities, mild biological (enzymatic treatment, fermentation and, bio‐preservation) and engineering solutions are needed. The latter include nonthermal techniques such as high‐pressure treatment, cook‐chill, sous‐vide, mirco‐encapsulation, vacuum impregnation and others. “De‐constructive” culinary techniques such as 3D food printing and molecular gastronomy as well as developments in nutrigenomics and digital technologies facilitate novel product formats, personalization and access to niche markets. In the operational sense, moving from nourishment to health improvement demands a shift from defensive market‐oriented to offensive market‐developing strategies including collaborative networks with research organizations.     

基因食品的营养安全问题

随着生物技术的发展,基因食品逐渐走进我们的生活。本文概述的基因食品的概念,探讨了国内外倍受关注的转基因食品营养及安全问题,详细阐述了转基因食品的功能及其营养,安全问题的解决方法。最后对转基因食品的发展前景进行了展望。