基于FPGA和ARM的GPS基带处理平台设计

本文研究了基于FPGA和ARM的GPS基带处理平台,详细介绍了C/A码跟踪环路及载波跟踪环路的设计和实现方法。采用Maxim公司的Max2769、Atmel公司的AT91SAM7SE25和Altera公司的EP3C25搭建硬件系统。Max2769完成下变频、采样并输出中频数据;ARM实现控制功能;FPGA完成解调、相关累加功能。实验结果表明基带处理平台可以稳定跟踪GPS信号,16通道情况下,冷启动时间为80秒,系统水平定位误差优于40米。     

多通道GPS原始数据采集系统设计与实现

介绍了基于FPGA实现的多通道GPS原始数据采集系统的实现,完成了系统下变频模块、数字化模块和数据存储模块的设计;在分析信号捕获算法的基础上,对系统进行了试验验证.结果表明,系统采集的原始数据通过软件接收机处理后能够得到GPS卫星信号的捕获、跟踪和数据解调结果.同时该系统具有通道多、存储速率高、采样率可配置和数捂格式可转化等优点,适合不同后处理软件对数据的要求.     

GPS接收机数字基带信号处理算法研究

为了优化GPS接收机数字信号基带处理过程,提高伪距测量精度和GPS定位精度,需要从解扩解调的角度,建立相应同步环路的数学模型,分析GPS接收机基带数字信号处理算法.采用循环相关法作为信号捕获方法,采用Costas环作为信号跟踪方法,在MATLAB环境下实现了相应的算法设计、验证与仿真.验证结果表明这种算法能够为软件CPS接收机提供快速捕获及跟踪能力,是一种适用而高效的软件CPS接收机处理算法,对于开发GPS接收机产品以及开展相关领域的研究工作都具有重要的意义.     

北斗B1信号捕获跟踪算法的软件仿真研究

针对北斗B1频率的I支路信号,设计并实现了北斗软件接收机的基带处理部分;阐述了北斗B1频点信号的扩频体制和产生过程,并行码相位搜索捕获策略以及鉴相辅助跟踪环路,并设计了二阶数字环路滤波器;同时采用Matlab软件,仿真北斗中频数字信号,编码实现捕获跟踪算法,并分别通过对仿真信号和真实卫星信号的捕获跟踪,验证捕获跟踪算法的可行性,并提出锁频环辅助锁相环算法的改进思路;为进一步开展北斗软件接收机相关技术研究打下了基础。     

基带滤波在GLONASS卫星信号仿真器中的应用

分析了GLONASS卫星信号的频谱特性,针对其频谱混叠现象,首先采用CIC滤波器对GLONASS的基带信号进行插值滤波,然后再调制到相应的中频载波上;同时完成了CIC滤波器的FPGA实现,并分析了滤波时接收机信号捕获的影响.该方法使得产生的仿真信号在理论和实际上都达到了GLONASS系统要求,并通过实验验证了基带滤波在GLONASS卫星信号仿真中的可行性和有效性.     

时域内GPS伪随机码快速捕获的研究与设计

GPS接收机必须在短时间内快速捕获到GPS信号,将捕获到的GPS信号传递给跟踪过程,再通过跟踪过程解调得到卫星的导航电文,所以怎样快速捕获到卫星信号是GPS接收机的一个最重要的部分。而在这个过程中,对伪随机码的捕获占据了非常重要的位置,本文在时域内基于FPGA对GPS伪随机码快速捕获的进行了研究与设计。     

基于FPGA的12通道GPS数字相关器设计

分析了传统全球定位系统(GPS)接收机中相关器芯片的功能特点,提出一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的GPS算法快速验证平台.采取模块化设计方法,在FPGA上使用硬件描述语言编码实现12通道数字相关器的功能逻辑,并利用ARM微控制器对相关结果进行基带处理,完成对GPS卫星信号的载波解调、C/A码跟踪以及导航电文解码,给出了对实时运行结果的分析.该数字相关器在提供较高定位精度的同时,其各个功能模块可以即时修改和测试,大大缩短了信号处理算法的开发周期.     

数字基带预失真系统中环路延迟估计的FPGA实现

基于FPGA芯片Stratix Ⅱ EP2S60F672C4设计实现了数字基带预失真系统中的环路延迟估计模块.该模块运用了一种环路延迟估计新方法,易于FPGA实现.同时,在信号失真的情况下也能给出正确的估计结果.Modelsim SE 6.5c的时序仿真结果和SignalTaps Ⅱ的硬件调试结果验证了模块的有效性.     

基于SoC的抗窄带干扰和自适应门限的基带捕获IP设计

在卫星扩频通信中,信号的捕获跟踪模块是整个基带处理SoC设计的核心。本文针对影响基带处理性能的窄带干扰和固定门限无法适应移动信号的快衰落变化这两个突出因素,提出解决方案,给出抑制窄带干扰自适应能量判决门限的滤波和双门限自适应调整PN码捕获的改进IP。采用SoC设计方法使IP快速融合到整个系统并实现了设计的可重用性,并结合ARM公司的Integrator/AP ASIC Development Board实现整个SoC基带处理器的协调工作,验证了设计的正确性和稳健性。     

卫星定位信号接收机系统研究与设计

本文在研究卫星定位信号接收机系统的构成及原理之后,介绍了一种基于Nemerix公司GPS芯片组的卫星定位信号接收机的设计.该接收机主要由射频前端和基带处理器两个部分组成,分别以NJ1006A和NJ1030A为核心芯片.射频前端芯片NJ1006A接收卫星定位信号后将其变换为数字中频信号,并传给基带处理器NJ1030A进行信号的捕获、跟踪以及定位解算等一系列的处理,输出定位信息.文章讨论了系统的整体结构,重点对系统中各部分的外围电路和相互接口进行了设计与分析,并给出了各部分在调试时的注意问题.最后,给出了软件下载过程和测试结果.实验结果表明,系统的整体设计是合理有效的.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.