耐高温PNN-PSN-PMN-PZT压电陶瓷的制备及器件性能研究

采用传统固相法制备了五元系Pb(Ni_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_(0.10)(Sb_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))_(0.015)(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_(0.035)(Zr_xTi_(1-x))_(0.85)O_3(PNN-PSN-PMN-PZT)压电陶瓷,研究了不同R(Zr)/R(Ti)对陶瓷相结构、介电、压电、铁电性能的影响。XRD研究表明,所制备陶瓷均为纯钙钛矿结构,随着Ti含量的增加,陶瓷由三方相向四方相转变。在x=0.49,1 200℃下烧结得到最优电学性能:d_(33)=622 pC/N,k_p=0.83,ε_r=2789,tanδ=0.017,Qm=59,T_c=304℃。此压电陶瓷材料具有良好的温度稳定性,用此陶瓷制备的压电陶瓷蜂鸣器,在150℃的高温下,其声压衰减小于5 dB,满足高温器件的使用要求。     

铌镁酸铋-钛酸铅压电陶瓷准同型相界附近的性能和相变温度研究

利用传统固相烧结法制备了Bi(Mg_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃-PbTiO₃(BMN-PT)压电陶瓷, 分析了不同PbTiO₃含量对BMN-PT压电陶瓷的晶体结构、介电、压电及铁电性能的影响. XRD结果表明: 合成的BMN-PT陶瓷具有纯钙钛矿结构, 并且在PbTiO₃含量为x=0.60时, 其组分的XRD图谱在衍射角2θ=45°出现明显的分峰, 说明该组分相结构中存在三方和四方相的共存. 压电铁电性能显示, BMN-0.60PT有最大的压电常数d₃₃(~170pC/N)和平面机电耦合系数k_p(0.35), 最小的矫顽场E_c(29.4 kV/cm)及最大的剩余极化P_r(31.4 μC/cm²). 确定了BMN-PT压电陶瓷的准同型相界(MPB)为PbTiO₃含量x=0.60的组分. 介电系数温谱表明介电系数峰值温度(Tm)随着PbTiO₃含量的增大而升高, MPB组分的Tm约为276℃.     

LiF掺杂对BiFeO3-BaTiO3陶瓷结构、铁电和压电性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备0.7BiFeO₃-0.3BaTiO₃+0.35%(摩尔分数，下同)MnO₂+x%LiF(BF-BT-MN-xLF)压电陶瓷。采用XRD,SEM,铁电测试系统和精密阻抗分析仪测试陶瓷的物相组成、显微结构和铁电、压电性能。结果表明：LiF掺杂加强晶格畸变，促进烧结和晶粒生长，改善压电性能的温度稳定性。Li⁺和F^-不等价取代A/B位产生的复合缺陷偶极子，转向速度滞后于外加电场的变化，导致电滞回线呈现夹持现象。同时，对BF-BT-MN-xLF陶瓷的退极化行为以及居里温度变化的研究表明，LiF掺杂显著提高陶瓷的居里温度T_c和退极化温度T_d,T_c和T_d分别由500℃和410℃(x=0)升高到550℃和505℃(x=0.50)。当LiF掺杂量为0.50%时，在860～1020℃温度范围内烧结的陶瓷始终保持较高的压电系数，d₃₃=176～202 pC/N。x=0.5...     

Bi_(0.5)(Na_(0.8)K_(0.2-x)Li_x)_(0.5)TiO_3无铅压电陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用固相反应方法制备Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2-x Lix)0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷。研究该体系陶瓷的组成变化及烧结工艺对压电陶瓷的相组成、显微结构及电性能的影响。结果表明,混合原料的平均粒径在2μm左右,粒度呈正态分布。热分析确定了混合原料的合成温度为900℃。XRD分析表明,900℃预烧温度下,合成粉体为ABO3的钙钛矿结构,且为铁电四方相结构。SEM表明,组成在x=0.06,烧结温度为1 160℃时,能够获得烧结良好且致密度较高的陶瓷,该组成的陶瓷的电性能具有最佳值,εT33/ε0=1 160、tanδ=0.029、d33=195pC/N、kp=0.407。     

Bi3NbTiO9的结构与电学性能

用传统固相法成功制备出了致密的、相对密度超过95％的Bi₃NbTiO₉(BNT)压电陶瓷;采用XRD和SEM对陶瓷的结构和晶粒形貌进行了表征;测出了BNT陶瓷在居里温度点附近的介电特性,同时确定了该陶瓷的居里温度T_c为914℃电滞回线的测试显示了该材料典型的硬铁电性,经过高温极化,测出材料的压电常数d₃₃=7pC/N.     

(0.98-x)BNT-xBKT-0.02BZN无铅压电陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用传统固相烧结法制备(0.98-x)Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-xBi1/2K1/2TiO3-0.02Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3(简称(0.98-x)BNT-xBKT-0.02BZN,其中x=0.1、0.15、0.20、0.25)无铅压电陶瓷,系统研究了不同烧结温度对(0.98-x)BNT-xBKT-0.02BZN陶瓷压电及介电性能的影响。结果表明,压电常数和机电耦合系数都随烧结温度的升高而增大,得出1140℃为最佳烧结温度,其最佳性能如下:d33=43pC/N,Kp=0.2731,ε3T3/ε0=1289.8,tanδ=0.038。     

无铅压电陶瓷K0.5Na0.5NbO3-BiFeO3的烧结工艺与压电性能研究

采用传统常压固相烧结工艺制备了掺杂0.8at%BiFeO₃(BF)的K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃(KNN) 无铅压电陶瓷,着重研究了烧结温度与保温时间对陶瓷的晶体结构、相转变、致密度与压电、介电性能的影响. 研究结果表明, 所有陶瓷样品都为单一的钙钛矿结构, 烧结温度与保温时间对陶瓷样品的室温晶体结构与相转变温度几乎没有影响, 但对陶瓷的表面形貌、密度和压电性能有较大的影响. 当保温时间为3h,在1100℃至1150℃范围内, 随烧结温度的升高,陶瓷的压电常数d33、平面机电耦合系数Kp及机械品质因数Qm均一直升高, 介电损耗tanδ则显著降低. 当烧结温度为1150℃时, 随保温时间的增加, 陶瓷的压电性能先显著提高后基本保持不变. 1150℃保温2h烧结的陶瓷获得良好的性能：密度ρ=4.50g/cm³（致密度为95.63%）, d₃₃=132pC/N, K_p=45%, Q_m=333.73, tanδ=2.39%.     

烧结温度对0.55Pb(Ni_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.45Pb(Zr_(0.3)Ti_(0.7))O_3压电陶瓷性能的影响

0.55Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)3-0.45Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3(0.55PNN-0.45PZT)组分的弛豫型压电陶瓷因具有较高的压电性能,已被作为制备含金属芯压电陶瓷纤维的材料等使用。为了进一步提高压电陶瓷纤维的电学性能,采用传统固相烧结法制备了0.55PNN-0.45PZT压电陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对材料结构、表面形貌和电学性能的影响。结果表明,在烧结温度为1200℃时,材料的各方面性能较佳:密度为8.12g/cm3,d33=850pC/N,kp=0.62,εr=7317,tanδ=0.033,Qm=41.66。     

锂掺杂锆钛酸钡钙陶瓷的制备与表征

采用传统固相法制备了无铅压电陶瓷(Ba_(0.85)Ca_(0.15))(Ti_(0.9)Zr_(0.1))O_3+x%(质量分数)Li_2CO_3(x=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,1.0,简写BCTZL-x),通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)等表征手段,研究锂对该陶瓷体系的微结构和电学性能的影响。X射线衍射分析表明,烧结于1 400℃/2 h下的BCTZL-x陶瓷具有典型ABO_3型钙钛矿结构。当增加Li的量,陶瓷经历从正交(O)向四方(T)晶相结构转变。当x≥0.3时,掺锂陶瓷结构变得更为致密。BCTZL-0.3体系陶瓷具有较好的电学性能,d_(33)=456 pC/N,k_p=0.49,ε_r=4 864,tanδ=0.018,Q_m=130。     

(1-x)KNNT-xBNZ无铅压电陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用固相反应法制备(1-x)(K_(0.49)Na_(0.51))(Nb_(0.97)Ta_(0.03))O_3-xBi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)ZrO_3无铅压电陶瓷。研究该体系陶瓷的组成及烧结温度对陶瓷的相组成、显微结构及电性能的影响。结果表明,热分析确定混合原料的合成温度为850℃。XRD分析表明,850℃预烧温度下,合成粉料均展现出典型的钙钛矿结构,晶格特征为四方相和正交相并存。SEM表明,组成在x=0.04,烧结温度为1 120℃时,能够获得晶粒均匀且致密度较高的陶瓷。电性能研究结果,烧结温度1 120℃,该组成陶瓷的电性能具有最佳值,ε_r=1 250,d_(33)=235pC/N,k_p=0.43。谐振频率在x=0.04组成处相比于其它组成也较低,f_r=210.032kHz左右。     

Photostriction of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Crystals

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials exhibit a variety of physical properties. Pronounced coupling between phonon, organic cations, and the inorganic framework suggest that these materials exhibit strong light–matter interactions. The photoinduced strain of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is investigated using high‐resolution and contactless in situ Raman spectroscopy. Under illumination, the material exhibits large blue shifts in its Raman spectra that indicate significant structural deformations (i.e., photostriction). From these shifts, the photostrictive coefficient of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is calculated as 2.08 × 10^?8 m² W^?1 at room temperature under visible light illumination. The significant photostriction of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is attributed to a combination of the photovoltaic effect and translational symmetry loss of the molecular configuration via strong translation–rotation coupling. Unlike CH₃NH₃PbI₃, it is noted that the photostriction of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is extremely stable, demonstrating no signs of optical decay for at least 30 d. These results suggest the potential of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ for applications in next‐generation optical micro‐electromechanical devices.     

Constitution of the Ni3Cr-Ni3Al-Ni3W system

Isothermal sections of the Ni-Cr-Al-W system have been investigated at 75 at % Ni and temperatures of 1523 and 1273 K, by means of phase compositional analysis, X-ray diffraction and microscopical examination. The alloys studied lay in the range 2.5 to 10 at % Cr, 12.5 to 20 at% Al, 2.5 to 6.25 at % W, The phases formed were, and the bcc solid solution based on tungsten (designated ₂). The maximum extent of the region was found to be 3 at % each of chromium and tungsten. Preferential partitioning of tungsten to occurred. Study of an Ni-10Cr-12.5Al-2.5W alloy aged at 1273 and 1073 K, after quenching from 1573 K, showed that changes in and compositions and lattice parameters occur as a function of ageing time.     

(La2/3Ca1/3)(Mn(3-x)/3)Fex/3)O3体系磁电阻行为的研究

通过系统地测量（La_2/3Ca_1/3）（Mn_{（3-x）／3}Fe_x／3）O₃（x＝0、0.1、0．2、0．3的体系样品的电阻率-温度关系以及一定温度下磁电阻率与磁场的关系,发现随x的变化其磁电阻率峰和电阻率峰均发生位移,磁电阻率峰值增大,并伴生磁电阻率峰展宽效应．作者认为由于Fe的替代,引起体系中Mn³⁺／Mn⁴⁺比率及磁矩的变化,加之外场对磁有序结构的调制作用,从而影响了Mn³⁺－O^－Mn⁴⁺的双交换作用,最终导致磁电阻行为发生变化．     

PbZrO3-CdTiO3 solid solutions

The structural, nonlinear optical, and dielectric properties of (1-x)PbZrO₃ ·xtCdTiO₃ solid solutions were studied. The phase relations in the composition rangesx = 0–0.3 and 0.85-1.0 were established. The results suggest that the ferrielectric ordering in CdTiO₃ persists up to 730 K.     

3 Cr3 Mo3 VNb 在热冲孔中的应用研究

高合金钢热冲孔冲头寿命关系到模具与产品成本、生产效率、自动化设备的使用,因此,应注重冲头的选材、材料制备与冲头制造工艺。 用 3 Cr3Mo3 VNb 作为高合金钢热冲孔冲头,为提高模具寿命,在材料制备上,优化了成分,采用电渣重熔冶炼,减少杂质,毛坯锻造两次,用大锻造比锻造,冲头热处理用真空炉,三次回火,热处理硬度取 HRC42 ~ 46 ,冲头表面处理采用镀铬工艺,开展了热冲孔工艺试验。 结果表明,用3 Cr3Mo3 VNb 可使冲孔冲头寿命平均达到 800 件以上。     

Phase equilibria in the system LaMnO3 + δ-SrMnO3-LaFeO3-SrFeO3 − d

We have revealed the formation of a continuous series of orthorhombic LaMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ solid solutions (0<y<1); La_{1 ? x} Sr_xFeO₃ solid solutions in the composition range 0 < x ≤ 0.8, with an orthorhombic structure at 0 < x ≤ 0.6 and a cubic structure at 0.6 < x ≤ 0.8; and a tetragonal SrMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ phase in the range 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1. The composition stability limits of the perovskite phase La_{1 ? x} Sr_xMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ have been determined, and the 1100°C isotherm of the La₂O₃-SrO-Mn₃O₄-Fe₂O₃ system in air has been constructed.     

Multicolor up-conversion emissions of Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped YF3 phosphors

Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped yttrium fluoride (YF3) phosphors were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. X-ray topographic analysis found that the phosphors were crystallized products. Their sizes and morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-4800), which indicated that most of the YF3 phosphors were hundreds of nanometers in size. Up-conversion (UC) spectra were recorded under 980-nm diode laser excitation at room temperature with a fluorescence spectrometer (Hitachi F-4500). Plenty of UC emissions of Tm3+ and Er3+ were observed from ultraviolet to red. For Tm3+ ions, a five-photon process (approximately 291 nm and approximately 347 nm), a four-photon process (approximately 362 nm and approximately 452 nm), and a three-photon process (approximately 475 nm) were identified in the UC spectra. The UC emissions from the Er3+ were: approximately 380 nm, approximately 408 nm, approximately 521 nm, approximately 537 nm, and approximately 652 nm. Therefore, cyan-white light can be observed by the naked eye at 980-nm excitation, even under low excitation power density. By comparing the UC spectra of the phosphors annealed at different temperatures, we found that the intensity of the UC luminescence increased as annealing temperature increased. Furthermore, the spectral dependencies on Tm3+ doped concentrations were studied. The energy transfer processes and fluorescence dynamics in the tri-doped system are currently being investigated.