1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氨腈盐中各类溶质无限稀释活度系数的测定

采用反相气相色谱法将离子液体作为固定相测定了27种溶质(烷烃、芳烃,卤代甲烷、醇、酮、醚、酯、三乙胺、二硫化碳、四氢呋喃、乙腈、吗啡啉、吡啶和水)在离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氨腈盐([EMIM][N(CN)2])323.15 K, 333.15 K, 343.15 K和353.15 K下的无限稀释活度系数γ∞1,3.通过计算不同溶质无限稀释活度系数的比值,探讨了[EMIM][N(CN)2]作为共沸、萃取精馏和萃取操作中的夹带剂或萃取剂的可行性.结果显示[EMIM][N(CN)2]在含水以及极性不对称性较大的共沸二元体系中有很好的选择性.此外,通过温度与γ∞1,3值的关系得到溶质的无限稀释偏摩尔焓.     

离子液体表面活性剂的合成与应用(Ⅵ)——离子液体表面活性剂的界面张力

离子液体表面活性剂在油/水界面吸附,降低界面张力。随着疏水烷基链长的增加,降低表面张力的能力增大。吡啶基表面活性剂比咪唑基表面活性剂具有更高的疏水性和降低界面张力能力。在高浓度无机盐存在下,离子液体表面活性剂降低界面张力的能力提高,界面张力可达10~(-2)mN/m,优于传统表面活性剂。     

萃取精馏中离子液体萃取剂的研究进展

离子液体的低熔点和不挥发等特点使其较传统的萃取精馏萃取剂具有先天的优势,具有广泛的应用前景。本文介绍了离子液体作为萃取精馏萃取剂的研究进展,综述了汽液平衡法、无限稀释活度系数法等筛选离子液体萃取剂方法的研究成果以及目前用于计算含离子液体体系的相平衡模型研究进展,分析了离子液体萃取剂用于实用仍存在的问题,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

基于COSMO-SAC模型的离子液体萃取剂的选择

COSMO-SAC模型是计算无限稀释活度因子的一种有效方法,只需知道分子结构,即可进行有机物或离子液体的无限稀释活度因子计算。COSMO-SAC模型中最耗时的计算步骤是产生σ-图谱(σ-profile)的量子化学计算。利用Materials Studio软件中的DMol3模块,建立了包含32种离子液体阴离子和191种离子液体阳离子的σ-图谱数据库。利用σ-图谱数据库和COSMO-SAC模型,针对离子液体液液萃取过程,提出了离子液体萃取剂的计算机辅助分子设计方法。以乙醇-乙酸乙酯体系为研究对象,选择了适宜的离子液体萃取剂,采用乙醇-乙酸乙酯-离子液体三元体系的液液平衡文献数据进行了验证。     

阴-非离子表面活性剂的合成及界面张力研究

以高温高盐油藏为切入点,从提高表面活性剂体系的抗温抗盐性等实际应用出发,介绍了氧乙基数为3、烷基碳数为8,10,12,14,16的五种APES系列表面活性剂的合成方法。同时对该系列表面活性剂与新疆漠北002脱气原油的动态界面张力进行评价;并对该系列表面活性剂的抗盐性进行深入研究。实验表明阴-非离子表面活性剂APES具有较好的耐盐性,十分适合在高盐油藏使用。     

定量结构-性质关系在化合物溶解度预测中的研究进展

溶解度是物质十分重要的一种理化性质,其在化工过程、药物和环境等领域的重要性不可忽视.定量结构-性质关系(quantitative structure-property relationship,QSPR)在化合物溶解度预测中得到广泛的应用.本文介绍了QSPR方法建立溶解度预测模型的研究进展,在总结各类分子描述符和构建溶解度预测模型方法的基础上,分别归纳出三类分子描述符(组成描述符、试验参数及理论计算描述符)和建模方法(线性、非线性及两者联合法),并从不同角度分析它们各自所拥有的特点,比较三类建模的优缺点.最后论述了当前溶解度QSPR研究中存在的不足及未来溶解度预测模型的发展趋势,指出溶解度的预测模型精度有待进一步提高,今后应更关注对化合物在不同pH值、温度、溶剂等更复杂情况下的溶解度预测.     

重质油黏度的定量结构-性质关系研究

研究了重质油黏度的定量结构-性质关系。将量子化学参数和拓扑指数相结合作为结构描述符,分别用多元线性回归(MLR)和人工神经网络(ANN)建立了结构描述符和黏度之间的校正模型。用留一交叉验证法,验证、评价所建立的MLR和ANN模型的预测能力。对于MLR模型,验证的均方根相对误差为7.77,对于ANN模型,验证的均方根相对误差为7.21,说明建立的MLR和ANN模型都可用于预测重质油的黏度,但ANN模型优于MLR模型。     

芳香化合物在纤维素衍生物/离子液体毛细管色谱柱上的定量结构-色谱保留相关性研究

运用量子化学中的密度泛函理论（DFT）计算芳香化合物溶质分子结构描述参数,借助逐步回归法建立芳香化合物在纤维素三苯基氨基甲酸酯（CTPC）/1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[OcMIM]BF4）毛细管色谱柱上的定量结构-色谱保留之间的QSRR模型,并对模型的稳定性与适用性进行了考察。结果表明,芳香化合物的容量因子对数与溶质分子结构描述参数MR、logP、GE、EHOMO和DIP之间有良好的多元线性相关性,表明芳香化合物与固定液CTPC/[OcMIM]BF4间的主要作用力是分子色散力、诱导力、氢键作用和疏水作用。所建立的QSRR模型线性相关性、稳定性良好,具有良好预测芳香化合物色谱参数的能力。     

甲苯稀释对AlCl3-EMIC型离子液体电镀铝工艺氢脆性的影响

采用甲苯作为AlCl3-EMIC(1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑)型离子液体的稀释剂,其中纯态离子液体由物质的量比为2∶1的无水AlCl3和EMIC组成。对比了纯态和按稀释剂与离子液体体积比为1∶1稀释后电镀铝的外观、微观形貌和氢脆性。结果表明,采用甲苯稀释离子液体虽然可以降低镀液的黏度,改善镀层外观和微观形貌,但对离子液体电镀铝工艺的氢脆性有负面影响。     

Measurement of activity coefficients at infinite dilution for hydrocarbons in imidazolium-based ionic liquids and QSPR model

The separations of olefin/paraffin, aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbons or olefin isomers using ionic liquids instead of volatile solvents have interested many researchers. Activity coefficients γ ^∞ at infinite dilution of a solute in ionic liquid are generally used in the selection of solvents for extraction or extractive distillation. In fact, the measurement of γ ⁻⁸ by gas-liquid chromatography is a speedy and cost-saving method. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of hydrocarbon solutes, such as alkanes, hexenes, alkylbenzenes, styrene, in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([AMIM][BF₄]) and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF₆]), 1-isobutenyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([MPMIM][BF₄]) and [MPMIM][BF₄]-AgBF₄ have been determined by gas-liquid chromatography using ionic liquids as stationary phase. The measurements were carried out at different temperatures from 298 to 318 K. The separating effects of these ionic liquids for alkanes/hexane, aliphatic hydrocarbons/benzene and hexene isomers have been discussed. The hydrophobic parameter, dipole element, frontier molecular orbital energy gap and hydration energy of these hydrocarbons were calculated with the PM3 semi-empirical quantum chemistry method. The quantitative relations among the computed structure parameters and activity coefficients at infinite dilution were also developed. The experimental activity coefficient data are consistent with the correlated and predicted results using QSPR models.     

Determination of the infinite dilution diffusion and activity coefficients of alkanes in polypropylene by inverse gas chromatography

Infinite dilution diffusion and activity coefficients of n‐hexane, n‐heptane, and n‐decane in polypropylene were measured from 373.15 to 393.15 K by inverse gas chromatography. The influences of small molecule solvent and temperature on the infinite dilution diffusion and activity coefficients were investigated. The results showed that the infinite dilution diffusion coefficient decreased but the infinite dilution activity coefficient increased with an increasing number of CH₂ group in the aliphatic solvents. The temperature increase resulted in the increase in the infinite dilution diffusion coefficient and the decrease in the infinite dilution activity coefficient. The graphs plotted according to the results of the infinite dilution diffusion coefficient versus temperature were in agreement with the Arrhenius equation. Diffusion constant and activation energy were obtained from the Arrhenius equation. Also, the interdependence on the infinite dilute activity coefficient and temperature accorded with Gibbs‐Helmholtz equation. From the temperature dependence of the limiting activity coefficients partial molar excess enthalpy at infinite dilution H^E,∞ was obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1925–1930, 2006     

四氢呋喃等物质在1，4－丁二醇中γ~∞的测定

用色谱法对四氢呋喃等物质在溶剂１，４－丁二醇（ＢＤ）中的无限稀释活度系数进行了测定，采用同一柱温下固定液的流失量与实验测定的时间成正比的方法来推算固定液的流失，经过验证，此校正方法对本文测定是适用的     

Microstructure of room temperature ionic liquids at stepped graphite electrodes

Molecular dynamics simulations of room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) [emim][TFSI] at stepped graphite electrodes were performed to investigate the influence of the thickness of the electrode surface step on the microstructure of interfacial RTILs. A strong correlation was observed between the interfacial RTIL structure and the step thickness in electrode surface as well as the ion size. Specifically, when the step thickness is commensurate with ion size, the interfacial layering of cation/anion is more evident; whereas, the layering tends to be less defined when the step thickness is close to the half of ion size. Furthermore, two‐dimensional microstructure of ion layers exhibits different patterns and alignments of counterion/co‐ion lattice at neutral and charged electrodes. As the cation/anion layering could impose considerable effects on ion diffusion, the detailed information of interfacial RTILs at stepped graphite presented here would help to understand the molecular mechanism of RTIL‐electrode interfaces in supercapacitors. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3022–3028, 2015     

Modeling infinite dilution activity coefficients of organic-aqueous systems using a modified regular solution equation and cubic equations-of-state

Expressions derived from the regular solution equation and the generalized cubic equations-of-state (EOS) were employed to model the infinite dilute activity coefficient (γ^∞) of organic-aqueous systems. A database of 119 organic species in aqueous systems, divided into six classes, was gathered for models evaluations. The use of the molar density, the first order molecular connectivity, and the dipole moment appear to be adequate correlating variables for describing the structural dependence of the residual part in the modified regular solution equation (MRS). The Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) and Peng-Robinson (PR) were specified and employed in the generalized cubic EOS form. The excess activity coefficient concept was used in the SRK and PR EOS models to account for the deficiency of EOS in dealing with highly non-ideal or polar systems. The abilities of two existing correlation models along with two modified versions of the UNIFAC model were also assessed. The proposed models provide creditable equations for correlating γ^∞ of organic-aqueous systems.     

Correlations for prediction of molecular diffusivities in liquids at infinite dilution

Diffusivities measured at 278.2 K to 323.2 K are reported for propene in acetic acid, acetone, n-butanol, chloroben-zene, N, N dimethyl formamide, ethyl acetate and n-octane. Measurements were made utilizing the steady-state capil-lary cell method. It was found that the diffusivities were reduced in the associating solvents when compared with those obtained in non-polar solvents at the same temperature. Three new empirical correlations have been developed for the prediction of diffusivities in liquids at infinite dilution and these are: for n-alkane solutions, for dissolved gases in organic solvents, and for dissolved gases in water.     

离子液体应用研究进展

由于离子液体具有较低的熔点、良好的导电性和可以忽略的蒸汽压等优点,引起了科学界和工业界的广泛瞩目.随着研究的日益深入,室温离子液体已经被开发和应用到诸多领域.对室温离子液体应用的研究进展进行了综述,详细介绍了离子液体在电化学、化学反应、分离过程以及在新材料等方面的应用.并对该领域的研究前景作了展望.     

Framework for correlating the effect of temperature on nonelectrolyte and ionic liquid activity coefficients

A power‐law expression is proposed for correlating the temperature dependence of infinite‐dilution activity coefficients ( ) for nonelectrolyte solute–solvent binary pairs and for pairs including an ionic liquid: , where θ_ij = 0 for Lewis–Randall ideal solutions, θ_ij = 1 for classic enthalpy‐based Scatchard–Hildebrand regular solution and van Laar models, and ?5 < θ_ij < 5 for most real binaries. The exponent θ_ij is a function of partial molar excess enthalpy ( ) and entropy ( ) such that . Real binaries are classified into seven types corresponding to distinct domains of and θ_ij. The new method provides a framework for correlating phase‐equilibrium driven temperature effects for a wide variety of chemical and environmental applications. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3675–3690, 2014     

Novel surfactants for ultralow interfacial tension in a wide range of surfactant concentration and temperature

This work investigates the possibility of injecting dilute aqueous solutions of novel surfactants into the Yibal field (Sultanate of Oman). This was accomplished through an experimental protocol based on the following criteria: (i) compatibility of the surfactants with the high-saline reservoir water (∼200 g/L); (ii) low interfacial tension (IFT) between crude oil and reservoir water (less than 10⁻² mN m⁻¹); and (iii) maintaining the low IFT behaviour during the entire surfactant flooding. Novel surfactants selected in this study consist of a series of ether sulfonates (AES-205, AES-128, AES-506, and 7–58) and an amphoteric surfactant (6–105). These surfactants were found to be compatible with reservoir water up to 0.1% surfactant concentration, whereas 6–105 and 7–58 showed compatibility within the full range of surfactant concentration investigated (0.001–0.5%). All surfactant systems displayed dynamic IFT behavior, in which ultralow transient minima were observed in the range 10⁻⁴–10⁻³ mN m⁻¹, followed by an increase in the IFT to equilibrium values in the range 10⁻³–10⁻¹ mN m⁻¹. The results also showed that with respect to concentration (0.05–0.5%) and temperature (45–80°C), AES-205 and 7–58 surfactants exhibit a wide range of applicability, with the IFT remaining below 10⁻² mN m⁻¹, as required for substantial residual oil recovery. In addition, ultralow IFT were obtained at surfactant concentrations as low as 0.001%, making the use of these surfactants in enhanced oil recovery extremely cost-effective.