脉冲磁场作用下矩形截面宽厚比对K4169高温合金晶粒细化的影响

研究了脉冲磁场作用下K4169高温合金矩形截面试件的凝固组织以及具有不同宽厚比矩形截面试件的晶粒细化效果,计算模拟了脉冲磁场作用下试件熔体中电磁场和流场的分布情况,并对细化机理进行了分析.实验结果表明,施加脉冲磁场后,K4169高温合金矩形试件的凝固组织得到了不同程度的细化,当试件宽厚比为1时,施加脉冲磁场可以使凝固组织晶粒显著细化;随着试件宽厚比增大,脉冲磁场的晶粒细化效果减弱.计算模拟结果表明,脉冲磁场在熔体中产生周期性的压-拉电磁力,导致熔体产生周期性振荡和呈环流形式的对流.在相同磁感应强度的脉冲磁场作用下,试件宽厚比越接近1,试件内的电磁力和流速越大,有利于模壁晶核游离及枝晶臂破碎,从而使晶粒得到细化.     

脉冲磁致振荡下纯铝凝固磁场与流场分布的数值模拟

脉冲磁致振荡可以细化金属晶粒,为了研究其作用机理,采用ANSYS有限元模拟软件对脉冲磁致振荡下纯铝凝固磁场与流场分布进行了数值模拟.模拟结果显示,由于电磁趋肤效应,线圈中脉冲电流只在熔体表面感应产生电磁力,且随时间出现指向内部的压力与指向外部的拉力交替变化,沿径向有指向熔体顶部与底部交替变化.交变电磁力可以振荡熔体表面率先析出的晶核而使之游离,增大熔体形核率.同时感应电磁力迫使熔体产生流动,会利于晶核的均匀分布与温度场、浓度场的均匀化.     

矩形脉冲磁场对7A04铝合金凝固组织细化的研究

得到了7A04 铝合金在矩形脉冲磁场下凝固冷却曲线及晶粒尺寸变化规律,结合有限元数值模拟方法分析熔体内部脉冲磁场分布情况,研究了脉冲磁场特性对晶粒细化效果的影响。结果表明：在矩形脉冲磁场作用下,7A04 铝合金凝固组织得到不同程度的均匀细化。在最佳脉冲参数：频率 20Hz,峰值电流 100A,电流占空比 20%处理后,铸锭中心处、1/2R 处、边处晶粒平均尺寸分别为 122.9μm、120.38μm、114.7μm,较未处理铸锭平均晶粒尺寸分别下降了 24.3%、15.3%、22.6%。此时矩形脉冲磁场在熔体内产生 7.01×104N/m3 的电磁力,单周期释放磁能 3862.62J/m3,形成了良好的凝固组织细化条件。     

螺旋磁场对Pb-Sn合金成分偏析的影响

测试分析新型电磁搅拌器内螺旋磁场和旋转磁场的磁感应强度、分布和作用规律,研究螺旋磁场对Pb-80%Sn过共晶合金凝固组织影响的作用机理,并与无磁场和旋转磁场条件下合金凝固组织的形貌特征及成分分布进行对比分析。结果表明:螺旋磁场相比于旋转磁场可以在铸锭内部更大区域内形成均匀搅拌,更易于破碎和细化枝晶组织,既能促进椭球或球状晶的生成,又能更好地改善宏观偏析;在频率一定的情况下,初生相晶粒尺寸随着励磁电流的增大而减小;当励磁电流为125A时,旋转磁场和螺旋磁场细化晶粒的效果最好;继续增大电流,晶粒产生粗化;螺旋磁场可基本消除成分偏析,并在较小励磁电流(100A)下达到采用旋转磁场(125A)时的最佳搅拌效果。     

镁合金低压脉冲磁场晶粒细化

提出一种低压脉冲磁场合金晶粒细化技术,分析常规铸造和半连续铸造条件下,低压脉冲磁场对镁合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明:脉冲磁场对AZ31、AZ91D、AZ80、AM60、AS31和Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金均有显著的细化效果。施加脉冲磁场后,初生α-Mg形态发生明显球化,由粗大、发达的枝晶变为细小的蔷薇状,且溶质偏析显著降低。采用商用ANSYS软件分析了电磁力、流场以及焦耳热对熔体的影响规律,从形核和生长角度分析了脉冲磁场下镁合金晶粒细化机制,依据界面稳定性理论提出了脉冲磁场下镁合金晶粒球化模型。     

低压脉冲磁场对纯Al凝固组织和缩孔的影响

研究了不同的脉冲磁场电压、脉冲频率及铸型预热温度对纯铝凝固组织和缩孔的影响.研究结果表明:低压脉冲磁场可使纯铝晶粒细化,等轴晶比例增加,缩孔深度减小;随着脉冲电压、脉冲频率或铸型预热温度的增加,纯铝的等轴晶比例逐渐增大,但当铸型预热温度达到700℃时,等轴晶比例略有减小;同时纯铝的中心缩孔深度逐渐减小,但当脉冲频率超过2.5Hz或铸型预热温度超过500℃时,中心凸起代替中心缩孔.     

高密度脉冲电流定向凝固纯铝的组织演化

纯铝定向凝固过程加以高密度脉冲电流处理,研究了脉冲峰值电流密度对定向凝固组织的影响。随着脉冲电流密度的增大,定向凝固组织经历了由柱状晶→胞状晶→发达的枝晶→柱状晶3个演化阶段。基于感应磁场与脉冲电流的耦合作用,从电磁流体力学方面分析了高密度脉冲电流对凝固组织形成的作用机制。高密度脉冲电流在金属熔体内感生高频振荡磁场,并感生动态径向电磁压力,影响凝固界面上方金属液流场分布与金属凝固前沿的温度梯度,并对枝晶臂有冲刷作用,从而改变凝固组织形态。     

不同磁场功率对ZM5-3%Ca阻燃镁合金凝固组织的影响

研究了不同功率的脉冲磁场和直流脉动磁场对ZM5-3%Ca阻燃镁合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明,脉冲磁场和直流脉动磁场对ZM5-3%Ca合金的凝固组织都有一定程度的细化作用;随着脉冲磁场或直流脉动磁场功率的增加,合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,初生枝晶逐渐退化;与直流脉动磁场相比,脉冲磁场对合金凝固组织的细化效果更明显。     

脉冲磁场细晶化技术的研究现状

综述了脉冲磁场细化金属Al、Mg、Cu及其合金等凝固组织的研究进展,从振荡效应、焦耳热效应以及能量起伏三个方面论述了脉冲磁场细化晶粒的机理,并分析了脉冲磁场强度、频率、作用时间对晶粒细化效果的影响。针对目前脉冲磁场细化晶粒的研究现状,指出了未来脉冲磁场细晶技术领域应进一步研究和解决的关键问题。     

直流脉冲磁场和孕育处理共同作用下纯铝的细化(英文)

研究直流脉冲磁场和孕育处理共同作用对纯铝凝固组织的影响,探讨直流脉冲磁场和孕育处理的共同作用的细化行为。结果表明:直流脉冲磁场能够显著细化纯铝凝固组织。纯铝的细化主要是由直流脉冲产生的电磁过冷和强制对流引起的。然而只在直流脉冲作用下,等轴晶区域的晶粒尺寸分布不均匀。在施加直流脉冲磁场的基础上加入质量分数为0.05%的Al-5Ti-B,晶粒尺寸更加细小,并且整个等轴晶区域的晶粒尺寸分布比较均匀;随着输出电流的增加,平均晶粒尺寸减小,当脉冲电源的输出电流增加到100 A时,平均晶粒尺寸减小到113μm。     

Simulation of electromagnetic-flow fields in Mg melt under pulsed magnetic field

The effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of pure Mg were investigated.The results show that microstructure of pure Mg is considerably refined via columnar-to-equiaxed growth under the pulsed magnetic field and the average grain size is refined to 260μm under the optimal processing conditions.A mathematical model was built to describe the interaction of the electromagnetic-flow fields during solidification with ANSYS software.The pulsed electric circuit was first solved and the...     

Effect of wide-spectrum pulsed magnetic field on grain refinement of pure aluminium

A wide-spectrum pulsed magnetic field(WSPMF) was obtained by adjusting the number of current pulses and the pulse interval between adjacent pulses. The effect of WSPMF on the grain refinement of pure aluminium was studied. The distribution of electromagnetic force and flow field in the melt under the WSPMF was simulated to reveal the grain refining mechanism. Results show that the grain refinement is attributed to the combined effect of the melt flow and oscillation under a WSPMF. When the pulse...     

Grain refinement of Sn-Pb alloy under a novel combined pulsed magnetic field during solidification

The combined pulsed magnetic field (C-PMF) obtained by simultaneously imposing pulsed and static magnetic field during solidification has been proposed to refine the solidification structure. Compared to the imposition of a single pulsed magnetic field, a more refined structure can be observed under C-PMF. The key factors to affect grain refinement under C-PMF consisted of the vibration frequency characterized by the static magnetic field, pulsed discharge voltage, and the vibration frequency characterized by the pulsed discharge frequency. The microstructure revealed that the grain size decreased with the increasing static magnetic field. The pulsed discharge voltage had an optimum value for obtaining fine grains. Furthermore, when the pulsed discharge frequency was equal to the intrinsic frequency of the liquid metal in a filled cylindrical vessel, resonance vibration occurred in the liquid surface, and grain refinement was promoted.     

Simulation of the Influence of Pulsed Magnetic Field on the Superalloy Melt with the Solid-Liquid Interface in Directional Solidification

The effect of the pulsed magnetic field on the grain refinement of superalloy K4169 has been studied in directional solidification. In the presence of the solid-liquid interface condition, the distributions of the electromagnetic force, flow field, temperature field, and Joule heat in front of the solid-liquid interface in directional solidification with the pulsed magnetic field are simulated. The calculation results show that the largest electromagnetic force in the melt appears near the solid-liquid interface, and the electromagnetic force is distributed in a gradient. There are intensive electromagnetic vibrations in front of the solid-liquid interface. The forced melt convection is mainly concentrated in front of the solid-liquid interface, accompanied by a larger flow velocity. The simulation results indicate that the grain refinement is attributed to that the electromagnetic vibration and forced convection increase the nucleation rate and the probability of dendrite fragments survival, for making dendrite easily fragmented, homogenizing the melt temperature, and increasing the undercooling in front of the solid-liquid interface.     

低压脉冲磁场对ZM5-3%Ca阻燃镁合金凝固组织的影响

采用低压脉冲磁场处理ZM5-3%Ca阻燃镁合金的凝固过程,考察了脉冲电压和脉冲频率对合金凝固组织的影响。研究结果表明:低压脉冲磁场可以显著细化ZM5-3%Ca合金的凝固组织;随着脉冲电压或脉冲频率的增加,合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,初生相逐渐退化,由发达的树枝晶转变成细小的等轴晶或蔷薇状晶体。     

Microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ91D magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied in the solidification of AZ91D alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of AZ91D alloy is refined to 104 μm. Besides the grain refinement, the morphology of the primary α-Mg is changed from dendritic to rosette, then to globular shape with changing the parameters of the pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface by the magnetic pressure, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, primary α-Mg dendrites break into fine crystals, resulting in a refined solidification structure of the AZ91D alloy. The Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.     

电磁搅拌作用下铝合金凝固组织的数值模拟

建立了有限元(Finite Element)和元胞自动机法(Cellular Automaton)相结合的宏微观耦合的CA-FE模型,实现了电磁搅拌作用下Al-5％Cu合金凝固组织的数值模拟.该模型利用ANSYS软件计算电磁力,利用有限差分法计算宏观流场和温度场.在微观计算中,采用基于高斯分布的连续形核模型,并采用KGT生长模型计算枝晶尖端生长速率.模拟和实验结果表明,施加电磁搅拌后,铝合金的温度场均匀,冷却速率加快,利于组织细化.     

低占空比下脉冲电流频率对Ti-6Al-4V焊缝组织性能的影响

采用超高频脉冲GTAW(ultra high frequency pulse gas tungsten arc welding,UHFP-GTAW)工艺在占空比20%的条件下完成了Ti-6Al-4V钛合金组织性能试验,以平均晶粒尺寸表征晶粒细化程度,研究了20%占空比条件下,脉冲频率对晶粒细化、组织特征及接头拉伸性能的影响规律.结果表明,与常规GTAW(conventional gas tungsten arc welding,C-GTAW)相比,UHFP-GTAW焊缝区以网篮状组织为主,热影响区α'相以短针状为主呈现;焊缝区平均晶粒尺寸最大减小了32%,晶粒显著细化;断后伸长率和断面收缩率最大分别提高了140%和275%,接头塑性明显改善.与50%占空比下平均晶粒尺寸减小率16.7%相比,晶粒得到进一步细化,同时平均断后伸长率及断面收缩率分别提高了22%,33%.     

Microstructure refinement of AZ31 alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied to the solidification of the AZ31 alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of the AZ31 alloy is refined to 107 μm. By quenching the AZ31 alloy, the different primary α-Mg microstructures are preserved during the course of solidification. The microstructure evolution reveals that the primary α-Mg generates and grows in globular shape with pulsed magnetic field, contrast with the dendritic shape without pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, the Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.     

横向交流脉冲磁场对堆焊金属组织及性能的影响

通过在低碳钢表面进行等离子弧堆焊时外加交流脉冲横向磁场,研究了交流脉冲磁场对镍基自熔合金组织及性能的影响,并利用光学金相、X射线衍射、显微硬度和湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验等方法,系统分析了不同脉冲磁场电流、占空比作用下的堆焊试样的硬度、耐磨性及组织.结果表明,外加横向交流脉冲磁场可以有效改善堆焊层金属的结晶形态,细化晶粒,在适当的脉冲磁场电流、占空比作用下,可以获得最佳的电磁搅拌效果,增加堆焊层金属中硬质相的数量,控制硬质相的生长方向,提高等离子弧堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性.