Galvanic corrosion behavior of die cast AZ91D magnesium alloy in chloride solution

The galvanic corrosion behavior of die cast AZ91D magnesium alloy coupled with H62 brass, 316L stainless steel, A3steel and LY12 aluminum alloy of different areas in 3.5% NaC1 solution was studied. The free corrosion potentials, galvanic potentials and currents of these galvanic couples were measured. The galvanic effects were determined by the mass loss and regression method using three points. The results show that: (1) In these four kinds of couples AZ91D acts as the anode, whose galvanic corrosion behavior is mainly controlled by the cathodic polarization; (2) The free corrosion potentials of these four kinds of couples change a liffle with time and cathodic/anodic area ratio (CAAR); (3) The galvanic potential of AZ91D/LY12 moves positively with the increase of time and CAAR; (4) The galvanic currents increase with CAAR, but there is difference in the current change between different couples; (5) The anodic dissolution rate of the magnesium alloy increases by 2-3 orders after being coupled with these four kinds of metals and the galvanic effects of these couples have such a relation as γH62＞γ316LS.S＞γLY12 ＞γA3.     

Galvanic Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy and Aluminum Alloy by Kelvin Probe

Galvanic corrosion on samples of AZ91D magnesium alloy coupled with 2A12 aluminum alloy during neutral salt spray test was investigated.The variations of the surface potential were measured using scanning kelvin probe(SKP).The results showed that galvanic effect on the corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy is closely related to the potential difference between the anodic and cathodic materials.In the initial period,corrosion only occurred in a narrow area at the coupling interface because of the limited distance galvanic current.Then,the corrosion rate of 2A12 aluminum alloy was accelerated due to its poor stability in strong alkali environment,which was attributed to the strong alkalization caused by the corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy.With the increase of the potential of 2A12 aluminum alloy as a result of the continuous covering of corrosion products,the potential difference between the two materials was enlarged,which enhanced the galvanic corrosion.     

表面阳极化对7050铝合金电偶腐蚀的影响

为了研究表面阳极化对7050铝合金电偶腐蚀性能的影响,通过测定7050铝合金与TC18钛合金组成电偶对的腐蚀电流的方法,评定了7050铝合金与TC18钛合金接触的电偶腐蚀敏感性.结果表明：7050铝合金与TC18钛合金接触时会产生严重的电偶腐蚀,电偶腐蚀的敏感性为D级;而阳极化的7050铝合金与TC18钛合金接触产生的电偶腐蚀敏感性级别降低为B级,提高了表面抗腐蚀性能.     

CrMnB堆焊合金的空蚀行为

利用超声振荡空蚀实验设备研究了CrMnB堆焊合金的空蚀行为，实验结果表明：CrMnB堆焊合金抗空蚀性能显著高于0Cr13Ni5No马氏体不锈钢，堆焊合金中亚稳奥氏体在冲击力的作用下，诱发马氏体相变，提高堆焊合金表面的硬度和强度并吸收引起空蚀损伤的冲击能，是CrMnB堆焊合金具有很高抗空蚀性能的主要原因。     

Evolution of surface microstructure of Cu-50Cr alloy treated by high current pulsed electron beam

A Cu-50Cr alloy was treated by the high current pulsed electron beam(HCPEB)at 20 and 30 ke V with pulse numbers ranging from 1 to 100.Surface morphologies and microstructures of specimens before and after the treatments were investigated by employing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.Results show that the HCPEB technique is able to induce remarkable surface modifications for the Cu-50Cr alloy.Cracks in Cr phases appear even after one-pulse treatment and their density always increases with the pulse number.Formation reason for these cracks is attributed to quasi-static thermal stresses accumulated along the specimen surface.Craters with typical morphologies are formed due to the dynamic thermal field induced by the HCPEB and they are found to prefer the sites near cracks or boundaries between neighboring Cr phases.Another microstructural characteristic produced by the HCPEB is the fine Cr spheroids,which are determined to be due to occurrence of liquid phase separation in the Cu-50Cr alloy.Finally,a general microstructural evolution profile that incorporates various HCPEB-induced surface features is tentatively outlined.     

High-speed photographic observation of collapse of two cavitation bubbles

Cavitation as a hydrodynamic phenomenon exists widely in water conservancy, shipbuilding, chemical and many other industries. Previous cavitation bubble dynamic studies mainly focused on single cavitation bubbles and their interaction with the wall. This paper studies the interaction between two cavitation bubbles under conditions with or without a wall. The results show that if the inception of two cavitation bubbles is not synchronized, the cavitation bubble of early inception collapse backwards the cavitation bubble of later inception; if the inception of two cavitation bubbles is synchronized, the two bubbles collapse towards each other; if a wall exists nearby, no matter whether the line connecting the centers of the two cavitation bubbles is vertical or parallel to the wall, the two cavitation bubbles collapse towards each other and then gradually merge, and the merged collapse body quickly moves to the wall. It is suggested that, as the number of cavitation bubbles increases, the cavitation erosion effect is not simply increased proportionally. Instead, mutual inhibitory effect may be demonstrated.     

超声辅助抛光流场规律CFD仿真分析

为探究超声辅助抛光的作用机理,利用FLUENT非稳态动网格湍流和离散相模型并结合mixture的空化模块,仿真分析不同超声振动参数对流场绝对压强、流速和气含率分布的影响以及各参数间存在的相互作用规律.仿真结果表明:超声空化作用主要集中在试件正下方的小范围区域内,即试件的有效加工区域,进而可以确定流场所需最小膜厚;流场绝对压强、速度等参数一个周期内出现两次峰值,周期内气泡长大后受压溃灭过程分为两个阶段,表明超声振动下流场存在二次空化现象,二次空化在抛光过程中强化了空蚀效应;周期变化过程中,流场同一位置的不同参量、同一参量在不同位置与超声的周期性振动间均存在不同程度的滞后现象;超声振动使流体内产生超声纵波,遇到抛光盘发生反射并伴随半波损失;膜厚足够大时,则会形成驻波,试件表面处振幅最大,有利于提高超声辅助的抛光效果;利用有效加工区域和驻波现象可以使试件加工效果达到最优,二次空化和滞后现象有助于揭示超声辅助抛光过程的作用机制和规律.     

镁合金与Q235钢在罐底水溶液下的电偶腐蚀行为

利用浸泡实验、电化学测试和微观形貌观测研究大榭油库罐底水模拟溶液下镁合金与Q235钢体系的电偶腐蚀行为,对比研究不同Sc/Sa (阴/阳极面积比)对镁合金/Q235钢电偶腐蚀的影响,探明Sc/Sa与腐蚀速率的关系,并拟合成曲线和表达式.结果表明,当电极阴极面积不变时,随着Sc/Sa的增加,镁合金阳极的腐蚀速率大幅度增加...     

高能脉冲冷焊Fe基合金改性层的组织及性能

为了进一步提高核泵用钢的耐磨性能及抗空蚀性能,采用高能脉冲冷焊技术在304不锈钢表面制备了Fe基合金改性层.利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分别对改性层的显微组织和相结构进行了分析,利用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机及超声波振荡空蚀仪分别对改性层的显微硬度、耐磨性与抗空蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,改性层组织细密,且主要由基体相α-Fe和硬质碳化物相Cr_(23)C_6和Cr_7C_3组成,改性层的最高显微硬度可达510 HV,相对耐磨性为3.88.空蚀5 h后,改性层的失重量和表面粗糙度分别约为304不锈钢基材的1/5和1/6.     

基于MATLAB的超声空化气泡动态仿真

推导出考虑了液体粘滞性、表面张力和辐射阻尼的单一空化气泡运动方程,在Matlab下仿真得到了单一空化气泡的动态曲线,为用数值方法进一步研究空化气泡的运动过程提供了参考。     

空蚀破坏的微观氧化过程

为了探索空蚀破坏过程中的腐蚀效应,利用旋转圆盘空蚀模拟试验机、扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜结合数码技术,对圆盘试样空蚀破坏部位进行了研究,观察到了微观破坏的形貌-多彩斑点.通过对多彩斑点的分析发现:一个多彩斑点是一个大的气泡溃灭产生的高速微射流对金属表面的破坏结果.微射流的能量极高,微射流和金属表面接触的瞬间可造成局部的烧损和严重的高温氧化.用高温氧化过程合理解释了多彩斑点的形成,丰富了空蚀破坏机理.     

7475铝合金与TC18钛合金接触腐蚀研究

为了研究7475铝合金接触腐蚀性能,测定了7475铝合金和TC18钛合金组成的电偶对的电偶电流,利用扫描电镜和光学显微镜对腐蚀表面形貌和深度进行分析,研究了7475铝合金和TC18钛合金在使用中接触时产生电偶腐蚀的敏感性.结果表明:7475铝合金不同表面处理状态与TC18接触时,7475铝合金与TC18接触腐蚀严重,电偶腐蚀的敏感性为C级.7475阳极化与TC18阳极化处理后接触腐蚀敏感性降低,电偶腐蚀的敏感性为A级,对7475阳极化后进行涂漆可进一步降低电偶腐蚀电流.     

Effects of Si and Ce on the microstructure and hydrogen storage property of Ti_(26.5)Cr_(20)V_(45)Fe_(8.5)Ce_(0.5) alloy

In this paper, the effects of Si and Ce on the microstructure and hydrogen storage property of Ti26.5 Cr20V45Fe8.5Ce0.5 alloy were studied, respectively. First of all, effects of Si on the microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of Ti26.5Cr20(V45Fe8.5)1?xSixCe0.5 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 at%) alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and P-C isotherm measurements. As the Si addition increases, the hydrogen absorption capacities of alloys decrease but the equilibrium pressure increases, due to the formation of Laves phase. Secondly, the effect of Ce on Ti26.5Cr20 (V45Fe8.5)0.98Si2 alloy was studied. It was found that Ce addition is an effective way to eliminate the effect of Si on the hydrogen storage properties of the alloy.     

不同弹性材料空蚀特性试验

在水利工程的泄水建筑物中,弹性材料作为抗空蚀材料具有极为广阔的应用前景,研究空化泡与不同边界材料的相互作用,探索弹性材料抗空蚀的机理,具有明确的现实意义和理论价值。本文通过开展不同弹性材料超声空蚀实验,以宏观和微观角度观察分析不同弹性材料的空蚀特征,研究材料抗空蚀性能的影响因素。其中,弹性材料主要包括216-1硅胶、216-2硅胶、218-1硅胶、218-2硅胶、聚氨酯、软质聚氯乙烯、硬质聚氯乙烯、酚醛层压板、低密聚乙烯、高密聚乙烯、聚酰胺等材料,对应的拉伸弹性模量范围为1-4660MPa。主要得到以下结论：(1)弹性模量1-11MPa的弹性材料在超声空化作用下没有出现空蚀质量损失,另外弹性材料的表面仅有些细小的纹理变化,没有出现破裂或孔洞,表明在这一弹性模量范围的弹性材料具有较好的抗空蚀特性。(2)随着弹性模量增加,不同弹性材料的空蚀破坏特征有较明显的差别,说明此时材料抗空蚀特性与弹性模量的关联性下降,与材料密度、结构等特征有关：高密度、结构致密的材料空蚀质量损失和表面粗糙度变化很少;密度较低、结构稀疏的材料有明显空蚀质量损失和表面粗糙度增加。另外,材料表面缺陷处更容易发生空蚀破坏。研究结论可为弹性抗空蚀材料的研发和应用提供理论支撑。     

高温高压含O2溴盐完井液中13Cr不锈钢的腐蚀行为研究

随着越来越复杂开发工艺的应用,油气田现场服役环境也变得更加复杂苛刻,一些现场操作环节（如井下回注CO2、回注采出水、药剂加注、环空注氮、管道试压、维修操作等）不可避免会将O2引入井下环境。O2的混入会导致井下管材发生不可预期的腐蚀风险,尤其对以13Cr不锈钢为代表的耐蚀油套管材,潜在局部腐蚀风险很高。针对溴盐完井液中O2混入导致井下管材腐蚀风险加剧的问题,本文采用高温高压腐蚀模拟实验,结合扫描电镜、能谱分析等微观表征手段,研究了高温高压含O2环境下不同浓度溴盐完井液中普通13Cr和超级13Cr两种典型不锈钢油套管材的腐蚀行为及机理。结果表明：在高温高压含O2溴盐完井液环境下,两种13Cr不锈钢的腐蚀速率均较高,尤其局部腐蚀速率;参照NACE PR-0775标准,普通13Cr在1.01 g?cm-3浓度的溴盐溶液中就已经属于严重腐蚀,并且随着溴盐质量浓度的升高,腐蚀程度不断加剧,在1.10 g?cm-3达到极严重腐蚀;当溴盐质量浓度达到1.40 g?cm-3时,两种材料的最大局部腐蚀速率均已超过5 mm?a-1;微观形貌分析结果表明,溴盐完井液中O2混入对13Cr不锈钢管材的耐蚀性能具有显著影响,这主要是由于O2混入降低了材料表面钝化膜的稳定性,点蚀萌生于材料基体表面致密富Cr钝化膜的破损处,向基体深部发展,蚀坑周边区域有大量腐蚀产物堆积,蚀坑与周边区域存在局部的电偶效应,进一步加速蚀坑的发展。     

移动床生物膜反应器中的氧传质性能

为提高移动床生物膜反应器中氧传质效率,利用动态溶氧法测定曝气量(0.84～4.2m3/h)、填料填充率(0～30%)、反应器高度(0～0.5m)、溶液中添加表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠和电解质NaCl等因素对氧传质系数的影响,结果表明随着曝气量的增大,氧传质系数从0.002 5/s增加到0.066/s,填料固含率在10%时氧传质效果最好;反应器高度主要影响气泡的压力进而影响气液接触面积,随着气泡的上升,氧传质系数从0.011逐渐降低为0.009 6/s;表面活性剂在0～0.015g/L浓度范围内氧传质系数逐渐降低;NaCl通过改变气泡表面的ζ电势和表面张力进而影响氧传质效果,在0～20g/L范围内,氧传质系数随着NaCl浓度的增大而增大.     

Dynamic Characteristics of Supercavitating Flow Around a Hydrofoil

Supercavitation dynamic characteristics around a hydrofoil are studied with both high-speed visualization and drag and lift measurements. In the supercavitation condition, the cavitation area covers the entire surface of the foil. There is a distinct interface between the main flow and the supercavitating flow regions. The cavitatin gregion is filled with cavitation bubble and water mixture. Small fluctuations of the interface are observed, which indicates that even a relative smooth surface is formed in this state, the interface is unsteady. The minimum drag is to be obtained in the supercavitation condition.     

Electrochemical behavior of Mg-Al-Pb alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution

An investigation on electrochemical behavior of Mg-5%Pb alloy, Mg-6%Al alloy and Mg-6%Al-5%Pb alloy(mass fraction) in 3.5% Na Cl(mass fraction) solution was conducted using electrochemical measurements and corroded morphology observation, in which solid solution and the as-aged state of each alloy were compared to discuss the influence mechanism of lead and aluminium on the electrochemical properties of alloys. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis was performed to make microstructure characterization. The electrochemical results indicate that the corrosion of Mg-5%Pb alloy is predominated by homogeneous pitting and dissolution of PbCl_2 film due to Cl ions attack, while corrosion crevice propagates along grain boundaries in solid solution of Mg-6%Al alloy and the micro galvanic corrosion also plays vital role in Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase containing experimental alloys. The co-existence of lead and aluminium in magnesium alloy increases corrosion current density and electrochemical activity as well. The comparison between solid solution and the as-aged state demonstrates that Mg_2 Pb and Mg_(17)Al_(12) somewhat increase corrosion resistance but lighten anodic polarization by facilitating corrosion product flaking off.     

铸态Al-4%Zn合金的电偶腐蚀研究

采用自由测试法测定了铝合金分别与Q235钢、镀锌铁片和铜片三种不同材料组成的电偶在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的电偶电流、腐蚀电位和腐蚀速度.研究了加速铝合金电偶腐蚀的因素.结果表明,铝合金在含有氯离子的溶液中腐蚀较严重;并且偶合材料、阴阳极面积比对铝合金的电偶腐蚀有重要影响.     

Effect of Stress and Galvanic Factors on the Corrosion Behave of Aluminum Alloy

The interaction between stress and galvanic during the corrosion process of 5050 aluminum alloys was studied and the evolution of mechanics properties was indicated. Electrochemical impedance technique and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the surface electrochemical states and the corrosion morphology. At the same time, corrosion kinetics and thermodynamic theory were used to analyze the influencing mechanism of the stress factor and the galvanic factor. The results show that both of galvanic factor and tensile stress factor can increase the corrosion potential of aluminum alloys and result in the corrosion resistance decrease. With decreasing corrosion resistance, the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys decrease. These phenomena are attributed to two reasons: One is that aluminum alloys may under the condition of anodic polarization after coupled with 40 Cr Ni Mo A steel, so the corrosion can be promoted; The other is that with increasing stress, the electrochemical potential of 5050 aluminum alloys decreases and the potential difference between two materials increases, so the corrosion becomes serious. Compared to the stress factor, the galvanic factor is significant.