陶质衬垫对焊缝金属中扩散氢含量影响的探讨

采用甘油法测试单面焊焊缝金属试样的扩散氢量,进行对比,求得衬垫单面焊焊缝金属中扩散氢含量的相对值。通过对焊缝金属的化学成份、机械性能和有关规范要求的分析表明:陶质衬垫对单面焊双面成型的焊缝金属中扩散氢含量没有明显影响。     

大电流MAG焊接接头弯曲性能研究

采用无氦多元气体保护大电流MAG焊接技术焊接了A5 72接头 ,对接头进行了弯曲性能试验 ,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和EDAX分析了接头侧弯脆性断口。结果表明 ,弯曲试验时产生的脆断与焊缝金属中有非金属夹杂物、焊缝金属中C、Ti含量较高以及焊缝金属中有马氏体组织等因素密切相关。在弯曲时 ,焊缝金属中存在的非金属夹杂物形成裂源 ,在小线能量焊接时焊道间热影响区组织中存在的大量粗大马氏体组织 ,使焊缝金属在裂纹萌生区和开始扩展阶段为解理断裂。在大电流MAG焊时 ,适当增大线能量以利于非金属夹杂物的逸出并避免马氏体的形成 ,降低焊缝金属中的C、Ti含量 ,从而改善接头韧性。     

ODS合金TIG原位合金化焊接机理和接头性能

采用TIG焊对ODS合金MGH956进行原位合金化焊接,C、Y₂O₃和其他合金粉末被填充到焊缝金属中以生成复合化合物或颗粒,分析了在TIG焊接过程中C和Y₂O₃原位合金化的机制和行为。在TIG焊原位反应过程中,YAlO₃、TiC和SiO₂等颗粒在焊缝金属中生成,这些尺寸为50-100纳米和0.1-1微米的颗粒均匀分布在焊接金属基体上。使用含有适量C和Y₂O₃的填充材料进行焊接,C和Y₂O₃不仅细化了晶粒,还提高了接头的显微硬度和抗拉强度,从而改善了焊接接头的性能。     

铝合金激光焊与复合焊焊缝气孔形成机理研究

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察6009-T6铝合金激光焊和激光-电弧复合焊焊缝中气孔的分布情况及形貌,结合焊缝气孔内壁EDS点扫描分析,并通过图形计算软件计算出焊缝区气孔率。结果表明,相比激光焊,激光-电弧复合焊焊缝中的气孔大小及气孔率显著降低;激光焊焊缝中气孔比较大、形状不规则,而复合焊气孔是比较小的椭球形;进一步分析表明,激光焊主要以工艺类气孔为主,其根本原因是匙孔的失稳;激光-电弧复合焊接以冶金类气孔为主,主要与氢在熔池的析出和氧化物的存在有关;激光焊焊缝气孔内的Mg含量高于焊缝区,而激光-电弧复合焊时焊缝气孔内的Mg含量和焊缝区几乎一样。     

提高00Cr18Ni10钢焊缝抗裂性的研究

采用高含铬量超低碳不锈钢焊丝和专门研制的含铬陶质型焊剂两种方案研究了００Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ１０不锈钢坦弧自动焊时焊缝的抗裂性，试验结果表明：以上两种途径，均可有效地防止焊缝金属中出现表面热裂缝。采用后者更为经济，现已用于生产。     

静轴肩搅拌摩擦焊2A14-T4铝合金T形接头的组织和性能

采用静轴肩搅拌摩擦焊技术实现了8.5 mm厚2A14-T4铝合金T形接头的焊接,研究了接头的宏观成型、显微组织及力学性能.结果表明:焊缝表面呈现光滑无弧纹特征,焊缝外部和内部未发现焊接缺陷;SSFSW T形接头截面焊接区域形貌整体呈现两头宽、中间窄的"开口哑铃"状,焊核区晶粒表现为取向随机的等轴晶,焊核区平均晶粒尺寸表现为第二次焊核区最大,焊接重合区次之,第一次焊核区最小.焊核区再结晶机制以几何动态再结晶为主并伴随有部分连续动态再结晶;热机影响区较窄且晶粒被拉长变形,热影响区组织晶粒长大粗化;焊接过程中第二相粒子的析出粗化造成焊核区硬度降低,硬度最低点出现在第一道焊缝热影响区与热机影响区的交界处;接头的硬度较低区域和结构尺寸引起的应力集中导致T形接头底板与筋板容易萌生裂纹、发生断裂;断口中存在较多的撕裂棱以及大小不一的韧窝,在韧窝中存在尺寸不均匀的第二相颗粒,断口呈现韧性断裂特征.     

Hy130钢焊件在空气中和水中的疲劳裂纹增长

在空气中以及在有阴极电位臣低循环频率为0.1赫芝的情况下的3.5％NaCl溶液中,研究了HY130钢的焊件于不同应力比下的疲劳裂纹增长。这些试验结果与在相似试验条件下的基体金属的裂纹增长数据作了比较。在空气中,疲劳裂纹增长速率在焊缝金属中比在基体金属中慢,特别是在低的应力强度因子范围内更是如此。在最高应力比为0.9的情况下,焊缝金属和基体金属的裂纹增长速率几乎相同。焊缝金属中裂纹增长速率较低是由于残余应力引起的。在盐水环境中,发现了类似的关系,但最高应力比为0.9的情况除外,此时在焊缝金属中裂纹增长得快得多。在持续载荷下,柱状枝晶晶界对环境开裂的敏感性被认为是加速裂纹增长的一个原因。     

薄板铝铜搭接搅拌摩擦焊工艺

目的研究铝铜异种材料的搅拌摩擦焊搭接工艺,揭示搭接接头界面行为演变的基本规律。方法对1mm的6061铝合金与1 mm的紫铜薄板进行搅拌摩擦焊搭接焊接,测试焊缝的力学性能,对焊缝组织进行分析。结果焊缝表面成形良好,焊缝内部无缺陷。接头的最高拉伸强度达到1447 N,观察拉伸接头断口形貌,发现断裂均发生在上层铝合金的热影响区。结论接头连接界面区域生成钩状"自锁紧"结构,这种钩状"自锁紧"结构增加了铝铜之间的有效接触面积,有利于提高焊缝连接强度。     

热处理工艺对GH909板材TIG焊缝析出相的影响

为改善GH909板材的焊接工艺及使用性能,采用扫描电镜和EDX分析研究了GH909板材在TIG焊后不同热处理工艺焊缝析出相的变化规律,对提高GH909板材TIG焊接接头质量具有重要的应用价值.研究结果表明：焊缝形成的相有针片状ε/ε″相、γ/Laves低熔点共晶相,且都在γ晶间分布;焊缝中心低熔点共晶相所占比例均比离焊...     

ER5356焊丝用于7075铝合金MIG焊接头热处理性能

采用MIG焊使用ER5356焊丝进行3 mm厚7075铝合金对接焊,焊后接头进行T6热处理。通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜与能谱仪结合室温拉伸、显微硬度与电化学腐蚀分析接头组织、力学性能与耐蚀性。结果表明：焊接时熔池流动将母材熔化部位的Zn,Cu等合金元素带入焊缝,析出MgZn₂与AlCuMg相,成为焊缝进行热处理强化的基础;热处理后,大部分析出相溶入基体形成固溶+时效强化,接头抗拉强度提升20%,焊缝硬度提升18.4%,耐蚀性提高。但由于从母材流入焊缝的合金元素含量有限,焊丝与母材力学性能的差异与热影响区软化现象无法消除。     

Laser welding of copper‐niobium microcomposite wires for pulsed power applications

The laser welding of copper‐niobium microcomposite wires was investigated. It was determined that the joint structure does not have welding defects, while microscopic examination of the joint cross‐section showed that the microstructure of the autogenous weld consists mainly of a copper‐based solid solution strengthened by niobium‐rich precipitations. The weld obtained with use of filler material consists of two distinct zones, which are formed due to melting of filler wire and microcomposite wire. This structure of the joint provides an insignificant increase in electrical resistance and sufficient ultimate strength and plasticity of the joint. The tensile strength of the sample welded without filler material reaches 335 MPa, but such welded joints are very brittle due to very low ductility. However, an autogenous laser welding joint has about 1.6 times better ductility, and the tensile strength of the joint depends on the applied filler material and is equal to the tensile strength of this material.     

Part-through fracture toughness (KIe) and crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) of welded joints of AA2014-T6 at low temperatures

The part-through fracture toughness (K_Ie) and crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD, δ_m) of welded joints of aluminum alloy (AA) 20l4-T6, including the weld metal, the fusion zone (FZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base material, were investigated at both liquid nitrogen temperature and liquid helium temperature with surface-crack tension (SCT) specimen and single-edge-notched bend (SENB) specimen respectively. Results indicate a conventional fusion welding process leads to formation of second-phase precipitations and inclusions, which cause significant reduction of fracture resistance at the weld metal and the FZ by fractographic analyses of fractured surface.     

保护气体对焊缝金属氢脆敏感性影响的研究

采用不同配比的保护气体,在水冷铜模中堆焊焊缝金属,获得不同扩散氢含量的熔敷焊缝试棒。测定了试棒逸出的扩散氢—时间曲线,并对焊后不同时刻焊缝试棒进行了缺口静弯试验和组织、断口观察分析,研究了不同保护气体条件下焊缝金属中的氢扩散特性及焊缝金属的氢脆敏感性。结果表明,适当增加保护气体的氧化性可改变焊缝组织、夹杂物分布状态和焊缝合金元素含量,大幅度降低焊缝金属的氢脆敏感性。     

旋转速度与焊接速度对铝铜异种材料搅拌摩擦焊接头成形的影响

目的为了获得较好的铝铜异种材料搅拌摩擦焊焊缝,研究旋转速度与焊接速度对焊缝成形的影响规律。方法采用对接的方式对4mm厚的纯铝和紫铜进行搅拌摩擦焊,对比了不同旋转速度和焊接速度对铝铜异种金属焊缝表面的影响,并对焊缝内部成形变化进行了分析。结果旋转速度和焊接速度对焊缝的成形影响较大,当旋转速度为1200 r/min,焊接速度为10 mm/min时,焊缝表面成形美观,焊缝表面相对较为光滑,焊缝内部存在相互交叠的片层结构和漩涡状结构,焊缝内部未见明显缺陷;与旋转速度1200 r/min,焊接速度10mm/min相比,在焊接旋转速度减小或者焊接速度变大时,由于焊接热输入减小,造成焊缝表面出现沟槽、孔洞等焊接缺陷,同时搅拌针的旋转搅拌作用影响焊缝成形和焊缝内部缺陷的产生。结论选择合适的旋转速度和焊接速度能够获得宏观成形较好和内部缺陷较少的焊缝。     

Laser welding of Ti–6Al–4V to Nitinol

Formation of brittle intermetallic phases in addition to different thermal expansion coefficients associated with dissimilar welding leads to the formation of transverse cracks in weld metal and eventually restricts widespread applications of dissimilar joints. Therefore, joining technology should be expanded in field of dissimilar welding in order to solve its difficulties. In the present study, an experimental work with pulsed Nd:YAG laser was performed for dissimilar welding of Ti–6Al–4V and Nitinol. Autogenous welding of these two alloys resulted in joints with poor strength and ductility due to the formation of transverse cracks in the weld metal. Therefore, the chemical composition of the weld metal has to be modified in order to reduce the formation of brittle phases and eliminate subsequent cracking. In this work, this was done by insertion of a copper interlayer with a thickness of 75 μm between the base metals. The results indicated that insertion of copper interlayer has a great influence on the reduction of the amount of Ti₂Ni brittle intermetallic phase, elimination of transverse cracks through the weld metal and eventually improvement of mechanical properties of the joints. Insertion of copper interlayer was very useful since it altered the cracked autogenous joint to a joint which could withstand a tensile stress of 300 MPa.     

Effect of friction stir processing on corrosion resistance of aluminum–copper alloy gas tungsten arc welds

Gas tungsten arc welds in aluminum–copper alloy AA2219-T6 were friction stir processed (to a depth of about 2 mm from the weld top surface) for improving their corrosion resistance. Unprocessed and friction stir processed welds were comparatively evaluated for their microstructural characteristics and corrosion resistance. Friction stir processing was found to result in substantial microstructural refinement with fine, uniformly distributed CuAl₂ intermetallic particles. Friction stir processing was also found to result in a more uniform copper distribution in the weld metal, leading to significant increase in weld corrosion resistance. This work demonstrates that friction stir processing is an effective strategy for overcoming corrosion problems in aluminum–copper alloy fusion welds.     

Assessment of bond interface in impact spot welding

Results of an investigation on weld interfaces of impact-welded dissimilar metal combinations are presented. Polymeric projectiles of various nose shapes are utilized at an average impact speed of 750 m/s. It is found that welded interfaces generally comprise wavy and plane zones. Areas adjacent to waves contain hardened and plastically deformed regions. Quantitative data is presented on the composition of copper/brass interfaces. Results of microhardness measurements on copper/brass, titanium/brass and zirconium/brass weld interfaces are provided. Measurements on the local plastic thinning of the flyer plate (FP) are furnished. Effects of standoff distance (SD) and FP thickness on interface characteristics are investigated.     

近红外光纤激光与蓝光半导体激光焊接紫铜工艺对比研究

目的 提高紫铜激光焊接接头的力学性能,并分析激光工艺参数对焊缝外观及焊缝微观组织的影响规律。方法 分别对蓝光半导体激光与近红外光纤激光焊接紫铜的工艺参数进行优化设计,采用光学显微镜观察焊缝的外观形貌,采用拉力机测试焊缝的抗拉强度,采用金相显微镜观察和分析焊缝的微观组织。结果 当采用近红外光纤激光进行焊接时,功率为2 000 W,焊接速度为20 mm/s,焊缝抗拉强度为156 MPa。当采用蓝光半导体激光进行焊接时,功率为500 W,焊接速度为20 mm/s,焊缝抗拉强度为246 MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的80%。结论 由于铜对蓝光波长的吸收率较高,当采用蓝光半导体激光进行焊接时,热量输入较低,焊缝的变形相对较小,并且焊缝中心各个方向上的温度梯度相同,容易形成等轴晶,有利于力学性能的提高。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded copper

The main objective of this investigation was to apply friction stir welding technique (FSW) for joining of 2 mm thick copper sheet. The defect free weld was obtained at a tool rotational and travel speed of 1,000 rpm and 30 mm/min, respectively. Mechanical and microstructural analysis has been performed to evaluate the characteristics of friction stir welded copper. The microstructure of the weld nugget (WN) consists of fine equiaxed grains. Similarly, the elongated grains in the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and coarse grains in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) were observed. The hardness values in the WN were higher than the base material. Eventually HAZ shows lowest hardness values because of few coarse grains presence. Friction stir welded copper joints passes 85% weld efficiency as compared to the parent metal.     

线能量对06CuNiCrMoNb钢焊缝组织与性能的影响

系统研究了焊接线能量对06CuNiCrMoNb钢焊缝金属组织与性能的影响。结果显示,线能量对焊缝金属组织与性能有显著影响,随着线能量的增加,针状铁素体含量逐渐减少,粒状贝氏体量增多,先共析铁素体宽度增加;焊缝金属低温冲击韧性降低。