超声振动辅助磨削完全烧结氧化锆陶瓷牙冠的实验研究

针对现有全锆牙在制作过程中存在二次烧结、收缩精度难以控制等问题,提出了采用超声振动辅助磨削完全烧结氧化锆陶瓷牙冠的方法。从理论分析的角度对其运动学特性进行了研究,并通过超声振动辅助磨削和普通金刚石磨削实验,对该方法的可行性进行了分析。结合牙冠的加工特点,重点研究了主轴转速对材料去除率、表面粗糙度以及最大边缘碎裂的影响规律。实验结果表明,超声振动辅助磨削不仅能提升材料的去除率,有效抑制出口边缘碎裂,同时降低了工件表面的粗糙度,是实现完全烧结氧化锆陶瓷牙冠高效低损伤加工的新方法。     

旋转超声磨削Si3 N4陶瓷用金刚石磨具磨损行为研究

热压烧结Si₃N₄陶瓷材料常应用于航天飞行器中关键耐高温零部件,但由于高硬度和低断裂韧性,其加工效率和加工表面质量难以满足制造需求。为了提高热压烧结Si₃N₄陶瓷旋转超声磨削加工质量,减小由于金刚石磨具磨损带来的加工误差,开展了磨具磨损行为研究。基于热压烧结Si₃N₄陶瓷旋转超声磨削加工实验,分析了金刚石磨具磨损形式;基于回归分析建立了金刚石磨具磨损量数学模型,揭示了加工参数及磨具参数与金刚石磨具磨损量间映射关系;并研究了磨损形式与磨具磨损量及加工表面粗糙度影响规律。结果表明：磨粒磨耗是旋转超声磨削Si₃N₄陶瓷用金刚石磨具最主要磨损形式,比例超过50%;主轴转速和磨粒粒度对磨具磨损量影响最为显著;且磨损量较小时,加工表面粗糙度值反而增加。以上研究可为提高旋转超声磨削Si₃N₄陶瓷加工精度和加工质量提供指导。     

微磨削与超声振动复合加工技术研究现状与展望

微细切削技术是传统加工工艺向微观尺度的延伸,在微加工领域具有重要的作用,尤其适用于三维零件及微结构的加工。与其他微细切削技术相比,微细磨削技术具有加工零件棱边精度高、适于硬脆性材料加工等优势,但其存在加工效率低、磨削热量大、微砂轮易磨损等缺陷。已有研究表明,于机械加工辅加超声振动的复合加工技术可有效降低切削力、切削温度,增大脆性材料脆-塑转变临界切削深度,改善加工表面质量等。因而超声振动辅助微磨削技术被认为是一种可有效解决微磨削加工现存缺陷的技术。主要从微磨削技术研究现状、尺寸效应机理研究、脆性材料塑性域去除机理研究、超声振动切削实验研究、超声振动切削断续切削机理研究及微磨削动态有效磨刃密度建模研究六个方面,对微磨削技术及超声振动辅助切削技术相关领域研究进行综述,并探讨超声振动辅助微细磨削技术加工机理研究及未来发展需注重解决的问题。     

精细陶瓷材料的金刚石砂轮磨削性能

本文探讨了精细陶瓷材料的金刚石砂轮磨削性能的共同特点以及不同种类陶瓷和不同磨削方式的影响。研究结果表明：陶瓷材料磨削时，砂轮磨损大，磨削比小，磨削力大、磨削效率低，磨后陶瓷零件使用寿命大大降低；必须根据陶瓷种类的不同选择不同的磨削方式。     

超声波振动冲击对锯切过程中锯片自锐性的影响研究

超声波振动辅助加工是一种很好的加工硬脆材料的方法,而且超声波振动冲击能够对金刚石磨具进行修锐。通过观察氧化铝陶瓷材料超声波振动辅助锯切过程中金刚石锯片表面磨粒和结合剂形貌变化、测试分析锯切力及力比的变化特征,研究超声波振动冲击对锯切过程中金刚石锯片自锐性的影响。在超声振动辅助锯切过程中锯片结合剂可被连续地去除使得其工作表面不断有新的磨粒出露,而且金刚石磨粒保持着合适的出刃高度和容屑空间,磨粒表面还可以被微破碎形成微切削刃,因此,保持金刚石锯片工作面得以保持着稳定的锐利性,这也使得在锯切过程中的锯切力和力比不随锯切行程的累积而明显增大。     

不烧滑板磨削加工用Fe-Ni-Cu-Sn金属基金刚石工具的制备与性能

Al₂O₃-C不烧滑板作为连铸功能耐火材料在炼钢领域中受到广泛应用,而金属结合剂金刚石工具在滑板磨削加工中起到关键作用。本工作通过热压烧结法制备Fe-Ni-Cu-Sn金属基胎体和Fe-Ni-Cu-Sn金属基金刚石工具,首先研究烧结温度、保温时间和烧结压力对金刚石工具胎体力学性能的影响,获得优化的胎体烧结工艺参数并为后续制备金刚石工具奠定基础;其次研究不同的金刚石磨料对金刚石工具力学性能及磨削不烧滑板性能的影响,通过研究金刚石的浓度、粒度、品级与加工工具磨削效率、寿命及锋利度的关系,从而得到磨削加工不烧滑板的金刚石工具中金刚石磨料的优化参数,通过SEM对金刚石工具表面胎体与金刚石磨料的结合状态、金刚石的磨损情况进行表征。实验结果表明：金刚石工具胎体的最佳烧结工艺参数是烧结温度、烧结压力和保温时间分别为785℃、170 MPa、240 s;金刚石工具中的金刚石磨料最优选择为金刚石浓度25%、粒度45/50、品级SMD35。     

SiC_p/Al超声辅助磨削工艺参数对加工表面质量影响研究

为了研究磨削工艺参数对SiC_p/Al复合材料加工表面质量的影响,采用超声辅助磨削的方法加工SiC_p/Al工件。考虑主轴转速、进给速度和磨削深度的常用取值范围,设计了16组实验,超声辅助磨削SiC_p/Al工件后,测量了工件的表面粗糙度、表面破碎率、轮廓偏斜度和轮廓陡峭度,分析了3个工艺参数对4个表面质量评价指标的影响,得到了4组加工工艺参数的最优组合。结果表明,主轴转速对4个参数的影响程度都最大,4组工艺参数的最优组合相差较大。在所选的工艺参数范围内,使工件表面粗糙度对较低的最优组合为A_4B_1C_1,即转速为7 000r/min,进给量为10mm/min,磨削深度为10μm的磨削工件表面。     

2D-C/SiC高速深磨磨削特性及去除机制

采用树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮, 通过对2D-C/SiC复合材料高速深磨磨削加工, 并对磨削表面形貌和亚表面损伤进行了观察。提出了2D-C/SiC摩擦层(表面)的磨削力理论公式, 讨论了磨削加工用量对磨削力和磨削力比的影响。实验结果表明, 2D-C/SiC复合材料的高速深磨材料去除机制与其自身的微观结构相关, 既不同于塑性材料, 也不同于普通脆性材料, 而是以脆性断裂去除为主。     

二维超声振动磨削陶瓷的表面质量试验研究

采用金刚石砂轮对陶瓷材料进行了不同参数下的普通磨削和二维超声振动磨削试验,对获得的不同表面质量特征及不同的加工参数对表面质量的影响进行了分析。实验结果表明,在同样的加工条件下,超声振动磨削表面的沟槽浅而宽,在超声振动下砂轮不易堵塞,利于使用细砂轮磨削,因此超声振动磨削可以提高陶瓷材料的表面质量。     

纳米结构陶瓷涂层的外圆磨削力以及磨削表面精度的实验研究

使用功率计监测磨削加工的能量消耗，探讨了纳米结构陶瓷涂层的外圆磨削过程；对纳米陶瓷涂层和传统陶瓷涂层在磨削力和磨削表面精度方面进行了比较．磨削实验使用了外圆磨床和陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮．通过测量主轴功率获得切向磨削力，讨论了加工参数，如切深、进给率以及砂轮粒度对切向磨削力的影响．还对磨削后的涂层表面用粗糙度仪和扫描电镜进行了评估，揭示了表面粗糙度与加工参数的关系．     

Continuous generating grinding method for beveloid gears and analysis of grinding characteristics

Continuous generating grinding has become an important gear processing method owing to its high efficiency and precision. In this study, an adaptive design model is proposed for the continuous generation of beveloid gears in common gear grinding machines. Based on this model, a method for determining the installation position and grinding kinematics is developed alongside an analytical meshing model for grinding contact trace and derivation of key grinding parameters. By combining these aspects, a general mathematical model for the continuous generation of beveloid gears is presented, comprising the entire grinding process from worm wheel dressing to the evaluation of grinding deviation. The effects of the worm and dressing wheel parameters on the grinding deviation were analysed, facilitating the development of an approach to improve the grinding accuracy. The presented procedure represents a novel design method for the continuous generation of beveloid gears in common gear grinding machines, facilitating the appropriate selection of worm and dressing wheel parameters.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-022-00388-z     

助磨剂对石煤提钒尾渣超细粉磨的影响

采用搅拌磨对钒尾渣进行超细粉磨,考察4种助磨剂的助磨效果,确定最合适的助磨剂为焦磷酸钠,对焦磷酸钠助磨产品的粒径分布、表面电位、表面吸附特性以及颗粒形貌等进行测定分析。结果表明,搅拌磨制备钒尾渣微粉的最佳参数为:添加焦磷酸钠质量分数为1.8%,矿浆质量浓度为1 g/mL,粉磨30 min,所得产品D_(50)=7.85μm、D_(90)=19.78μm,相比未添加焦磷酸钠的磨矿产品D_(50)、D_(90)分别减小了2.97、8.47μm,粉磨时间缩短至少10 min。焦磷酸钠通过在钒尾渣颗粒表面的吸附,增大颗粒的表面电位,减少微细颗粒在表面的粘附,降低矿浆黏度,从而提高钒尾渣的粉磨效率。     

Study into grinding force in back grinding of wafer with outer rim

Back grinding of wafer with outer rim (BGWOR) is a new method for carrier-less thinning of silicon wafers. At present, the effects of process parameters on the grinding force remain debatable. Therefore, a BGWOR normal grinding force model based on grain depth-of-cut was established, and the relationship between grinding parameters (wheel infeed rate, wheel rotational speed, and chuck rotational speed) and normal grinding force was discussed. Further, a series of experiments were performed to verify the BGWOR normal grinding force model. This study proves that the BGWOR normal grinding force is related to the rotational direction of the wheel and chuck, and the effect of grinding mark density on the BGWOR normal grinding force cannot be ignored. Moreover, this study provides methods for reducing the grinding force and optimizing the back thinning process of the silicon wafer.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-020-00316-z     

立式玻璃磨边机砂轮离心振动特性分析

针对立式玻璃磨边机砂轮架的结构特点,建立其动力学模型及系统运动微分方程,导出砂轮离心力作用下砂轮架与砂轮振动的稳态响应幅值及其动力放大因子β1、β2的理论计算公式,着重分析砂轮离心力激振下砂轮架及砂轮的振动特性及规律,结果表明：β1、β2的大小和砂轮与砂轮架的质量之比µ、固有频率之比α,砂轮角频率与固有频率之比λ,阻尼比ξ等因素有关;合理选择µ、α、ξ值,可使砂轮与砂轮架具有相同且较小的动力放大因子;避免砂轮工作在λ=0.9~1.1对应的转速范围内,可有效减轻砂轮架及砂轮的振动程度。研究结果突破了现有研究将砂轮轴刚性化处理、试验测试装备复杂等缺陷,具有物理概念清晰、计算简单等特点。     

Effect of ball mill grinding parameters of hydrated lime fine grinding on consumed energy

The influence of several grinding parameters such as charged material volume, ball filling ratio, and mill rotation speed on energy efficiency of fine grinding of hydrated lime and the product fineness of hydrated lime was studied experimentally using a laboratory scale ball mill. The product size and surface area of the ground samples were determined with respect to the above variables, and changes in energy input during the grinding were described in detailed. Finally, the optimum conditions for the grinding of the hydrated lime with the ball mill were obtained. The results from this study showed that the ball mill load and mill speed are the most important parameters rather than ball mill charged material volume for the fine grinding of the hydrated lime using the ball mill in terms of energy efficiency associated with external surfaces.     

Effects of grinding aids on the grinding kinetics and surface morphological characterization of quartz

The kinetic parameters of a grinding process can be used to study the variations in particle size reductions and grinding efficiencies. Appropriate grinding aids usually change the surfaces of a material and the properties of the pulp, thus improving the grinding efficiency. In this paper, pure quartz samples with mixed particle sizes and single particle sizes were selected as the raw materials. The effects of different sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and citric acid (CA) dosages on the dynamic parameters k, selection function S₁ and breakage function B for quartz grinding were studied. The results showed that the STPP and CA enhanced the grinding process of the quartz. In other words, the parameter k, the selection function S₁ and the breakage function B were all increased to varying degrees. The results of SEM, BET and contact angle measurements showed that the surfaces of the quartz particles became rounder, the specific surface area and average pore size increased, and the surface hydrophilicity increased. As a result, the grindability of the quartz increased, and the grinding kinetic parameters changed. Finally, the results showed that the improvements in the quartz grindability were consistent with the influence of grinding aids on the kinetic parameter k, selection function S₁ and breakage function B_i,1.     

Impact of grinding aids on dry grinding performance,bulk properties and surface energy

In dry fine grinding processes the relevance of particle-particle interactions rises with increasing product fineness. These particle-particle interactions reduce the grinding efficiency and complicate the process control. The adsorption of grinding aid molecules on the product particle surface is a common measure to handle these effects. To ensure an efficient grinding aid application, the impacts of additives on particle and bulk properties, which influence the micro-processes inside the mill, need to be understood. Within this study the effects of several grinding aids on dry fine grinding of limestone in a laboratory vibration mill were investigated. Unlike in many other scientific works, the impacts of grinding aids were analyzed on different levels simultaneously: Grinding success and agglomerate size distributions were evaluated by wet and dry particle size measurements, respectively. Additionally, material coating on the grinding media, powder flowabilities and particle specific surface energies were measured. It was shown that all of the investigated grinding aids influence the grinding efficiency. However, the formation of agglomerates is not necessarily linked to the product fineness. Furthermore, a strong impact of certain grinding aids on the flowability of the product powder was determined. Thereby, the bulk flow behavior also determines the grinding result as it affects the stress mechanism inside the mill. Moreover, a direct relation between surface energy and powder flowability as well as agglomeration behavior could be demonstrated.     

轮胎辊与锥辊立磨粉磨过程力学分析

为了对立磨中轮胎型和锥型磨辊的粉磨过程进行分析比较,运用微分剪切理论建立轮胎型与锥型磨辊研磨物料的数学模型:通过建立磨辊-物料接触区域不同位置料层厚度的数学公式,得出料层微分单元受力的平衡方程;将方程积分得到磨辊与物料接触力及接触面积的大小。通过计算,得出在研磨过程不同参数(料层厚度、工作压力以及磨辊偏角)与接触面积之间的关系,并对2种磨辊进行比较分析。结果表明:磨辊偏转角度越大,磨辊所受应力峰值越大;在相同工作条件下,轮胎辊与物料有更大的接触面积,较小的应力峰值。