基于卷积神经网络模型的遥感图像分类

研究了遥感图像的分类,针对遥感图像的支持向量机(SVM)等浅层结构分类模型特征提取困难、分类精度不理想等问题,设计了一种卷积神经网络(CNN)模型,该模型包含输入层、卷积层、全连接层以及输出层,采用Soft Max分类器进行分类。选取2010年6月6日Landsat TM5富锦市遥感图像为数据源进行了分类实验,实验表明该模型采用多层卷积池化层能够有效地提取非线性、不变的地物特征,有利于图像分类和目标检测。针对所选取的影像,该模型分类精度达到94.57%,比支持向量机分类精度提高了5%,在遥感图像分类中具有更大的优势。     

一种视听融合的水下目标识别方法研究

特征提取是水下目标识别研究中最为关键的技术之一,特征参数的优劣将直接决定分类识别系统的性能。将声信号的听觉与视觉感知特征结合,应用于水下目标识别,通过实验得出如下结论,相比于单独应用听觉特征,融合特征的平均识别率能提高4%~6%以上,特别是将听觉特征与声谱图的Gabor小波变换特征、灰度-梯度共生特征进行融合后,分类性能较好,平均达到87%以上。     

基于复合分类特征的红外图像人体实时检测

针对红外图像中人体区域的检测问题,提出了一种基于复合分类特征的人体实时检测方法.首先根据红外图像中人体区域的特点,使用自适应的两级方向投影获得人体候选区域的可能位置,然后融合方向梯度直方图特征,人体形状特征及亮度分布惯性特征以充分描述人体区域的特点,并且采用支持向量机算法对候选目标中存在的人体进行分类检测.实验结果表明,本文提出的方法充分利用了复合分类特征各自的优点,具有较好的实时性和鲁棒性.     

一种基于粒子滤波的特征融合跟踪算法

针对单纯的基于颜色的跟踪方法在复杂背景下会导致跟踪失败的问题,本文提出一种基于粒子滤波的特征融合跟踪算法。颜色直方图是对目标的全局描述,而方向梯度直方图包含了一定的结构信息,二者可以互为补充,因此本文算法同时用颜色直方图和方向梯度直方图来描述目标,在粒子滤波框架下将目标颜色和梯度信息有机结合,并自适应更新。实验表明,本文算法不仅提高了跟踪精度,而且具有较强的鲁棒性。     

傅里叶描述子相位与幅值融合方式比较

傅里叶描述子是物体轮廓分类的重要方法,当前大多数研究只利用了其幅值特征,不能满足轮廓分类的精确度要求。针对这一问题,提出了三种融合傅里叶描述子幅值和相位特征的方法对轮廓进行分类,对三种融合方法的准确性进行了比较。实验表明,基于像素级的融合方法对轮廓分类最为有效,相比于只采用幅值特征的方法准确率提高了10%,但需要的特征向量维数大大增加,判别的时效性有所降低。通过像素级融合的傅里叶描述子与曲率尺度空间描述子以及形状上下文特征在目标识别应用中的比较可以看出,傅里叶描述子具有较高的时效性。     

基于多特征融合的行人检测

研究了3种不同类型的特征算子:梯度直方图(HOG),基于Gabor变换的局部二值特征直方图(LGBPHS)和基于剪切波变换的直方图(HSC)在基于图像的行人检测中的应用.提出了基于多特征融合的检测算子,对单一特征进行L1范式规格化之后,将3个特征融合为一个高维的拥有大量信息的新特征,之后引入偏最小二乘法(PLS)进行特征降维,得到最终的人体特征.利用线性SVM作为分类器,在INRIA人体库上进行了实验,结果表明,融合后的特征极大的提高了检测率,在FPPW=10-5时,检测率达到了95.6％.     

SAR图像目标的方向梯度能量分形特征研究

本文提出一种方向梯度能量分形特征提取方法用于目标的特征描述.该方法中,提出了方向梯度能量、方向梯度总能量、总方向梯度能量、方向梯度能量分形特征、复数分形特征等的概念和算法,分析并得出了方向梯度能量分形特征的性质,提取了二维目标的分形特征用于SAR图像目标检测.理论分析和实验结果表明,采用这种方法能够有效地检测不同形状和不同尺寸的目标.同时,这种方法还具有编程简单、运算速度快等优点.     

基于特征融合和交叉核SVM的快速行人检测方法

行人检测是目标识别领域的一大难点。现阶段用于行人检测的特征维数都比较高,为克服高维特征对实时性的影响,本文运用主元分析(PCA)对特征进行降维,加快检测速度。单一特征的信息有限,本文运用基于线性鉴别分析(LDA)的线性权重融合原则对一些底层特征(颜色、梯度、直方图)和多层次导向边缘能量特征进行特征融合使特征具有多源信息。且上述特征可采用积分图技术进行快速计算,所以行人检测系统的鲁棒性和实时性得到加强。在目标识别领域直方图交叉核支持向量机(HIKSVM)具有分类快,且准确率高的优点,采用其进行分类,系统实时性更进一步提升。实验表明本文方法检测速度和检测率优于经典的HOG+SVM算法。     

基于Gabor小波的人脸表情识别

提出通过提取人脸表情图像的Gabor特征,结合二次降维的方法,进行人脸表情识别.针对Gabor特征提取后维数变高,冗余很大的特点,先对高维特征进行采样,再引入二维PCA算法对Gabor特征进行选择,以达到降维的目的.然后采用基于模糊积分的多分类器联合的方法对7种表情进行融合识别.在JAFFE库上进行测试的结果验证了该算法的有效性,与2DPCA算法及传统特征提取算法相比,本文算法取得了较高的识别速度和精确度.该算法能更有效的提取反映表情状态的特征.     

基于小波包和1(1/2)维谱的舰船辐射噪声频域特征提取及融合

舰船辐射噪声频域特征提取是舰船目标识别的关键技术之一。为提高舰船目标识别率 ,采用小波包和 112维谱对舰船辐射噪声进行多小波包空间调制谱和噪声谱特征提取及融合研究。并用提取的特征对五类舰船目标辐射噪声进行了分类识别实验 ,结果表明所提特征具有很好的分类识别效果     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...