高性能羧基化多壁碳纳米管/NR复合材料的制备、结构与性能

以超声分散的羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MC)悬浮液填充天然胶乳,采用喷雾干燥法制备MC/NR复合材料,研究偶联剂Si69和KH-550改性对复合材料中填料分散及各项性能的影响.结果表明:喷雾干燥法制备的MC/NR复合材料中碳纳米管分散较好;偶联剂Si69和KH-550与MC表面的羧基发生了化学反应,使其在复合材料中的分散得到进一步改善;当MC用量高于10份时,KH-550改性MC/NR复合材料表现出优异的物理性能和导电性能.     

多壁碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺复合材料制备及其性能研究

聚酰亚胺的前聚体,聚酰胺酸,是通过4,4-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)与3,3,4,4二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)反应制备的。未改性的、酸改性和胺改性的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)被分别地单独加入到聚酰胺酸溶液中,并加热至300℃,从而制成聚酰亚胺/碳纳米管复合材料。扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)的显微照片表明,酸改性的多壁碳纳米管和胺改性多壁碳纳米管在聚酰亚胺基体中被均匀一致地分散开。通过对酸和胺改性的多壁碳纳米管MWCNTS对多壁碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺复合材料的表面和体积电阻率的影响进行了研究。了解到该纳米复合材料的表面电阻率ITES从1.28×10^(15)Ω/cm^(2)(纯聚酰亚胺),降到7.59×10^(6)Ω/cm^(2)(26.98%的未改性的多壁碳纳米管含量)。除此之外,添加多壁碳纳米管影响了纳米复合材料的玻璃化转变温度。改性多壁碳纳米管意义就是提高了纳米复合材料的机械性能。多壁碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺复合材料的拉伸强度从10^(2)MPa(纯的聚酰亚胺)增加到134 MPa(6.98%酸改性多壁碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺复合材料)。     

MC尼龙/稀土纳米复合材料制备的反应动力学研究

测定了MC尼龙和MC尼龙/稀土纳米复合材料制备的温度与时间关系曲线,用非等温反应动力学方法对数据进行处理,用多元回归法确定其表观动力学参数。结果表明:MC尼龙和MC尼龙/稀土纳米复合材料制备过程的动力学特征基本相似,是一个并行的聚合/结晶过程;稀土纳米氧化物对MC尼龙制备的阴离子聚合反应有促进作用;MC尼龙和MC尼龙/稀土纳米复合材料制备过程的表观活化能在92~145kJ/mol之间,反应级数在0.9~1之间,频率因子在108~1014之间,MC尼龙和MC尼龙/稀土纳米复合材料制备过程由化学反应步骤控制。     

MC尼龙/纳米MgO复合材料的制备与性能

采用硫酸铵和碳酸氢铵以及轻烧Mg O粉为原料,利用液相沉淀法制备高纯纳米级Mg O。同时对纳米Mg O进行表面改性,使其可以更好地分散在MC尼龙基体中。将改性后的纳米Mg O,以氢氧化钠为催化剂,甲苯二异氰酸酯为活化剂对MC尼龙进行单体浇铸,制得MC尼龙/Mg O复合材料。结果表明,经纳米Mg O粒子改性后的MC尼龙,其冲击强度和拉伸强度比纯MC尼龙都有所提高,具有增韧和增强的双重效果。     

浇铸尼龙6/超细滑石粉复合材料的性能研究

采用超细滑石粉对浇铸尼龙6材料进行改性,对改性后复合材料的性能进行了研究。结果表明：在一定的配方组成下,超细滑石粉改性浇铸尼龙6复合材料与未改性前相比,尺寸稳定性、耐热性和热分解温度均有所提高,且光泽度基本保持不变,对浇铸尼龙6的应用普及有较大的实际意义。     

碳纤维增强MC尼龙复合材料吸湿行为研究

采用液态原位聚合法制备了碳纤维(CF)增强浇铸尼龙(MC尼龙)复合材料,研究了其吸湿行为?分别考察了CF体积分数、CF编织结构和外加载荷对MC尼龙／CF复合材料吸湿行为的影响。结果表明,随着CF体积分数的增加,复合材料的平衡吸湿率减小;三维编织结构的CF增强MC尼龙复合材料的吸湿速率及平衡吸湿率均低于长的CF增强MC尼龙;外加载荷使该复合材料的吸湿能力降低。     

RGO改性MC尼龙导电复合材料的制备及表征

采用溶剂预分散的方法分散还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)微片,再结合硅烷偶联剂等处理RGO表面,并以原位聚合法制备RGO改性MC尼龙导电复合材料。研究了RGO含量、表观密度及表面处理方法对RGO改性MC尼龙导电复合材料电性能的影响;分析了RGO添加后对MC尼龙热性能的影响。结果表明,随着RGO含量的增加,RGO改性MC尼龙导电复合材料的表面电阻率和体积电阻率呈现逐渐减小趋势,电性能得到提高;RGO质量分数1.5%为RGO改性MC尼龙导电复合材料的渗滤阈值;当RGO质量分数达到2.5%时,RGO改性MC尼龙导电复合材料的表面电阻率达到1.04×102Ω,体积电阻率达到1.35×102Ω·m。     

纳米SiO_2/MC尼龙6原位复合材料等温结晶行为的研究

将纳米SiO2均匀分散在己内酰胺单体熔体中,采用阴离子开环聚合法制备了纳米SiO2/单体浇铸(MC)尼龙6原位复合材料。通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、Avrami方程、Lauritizen-Hoffmann方程对复合材料的等温结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明:纳米SiO2的引入改变了基体MC尼龙6的成核机理和生长方式;低含量的纳米SiO2阻碍了MC尼龙6的结晶行为,高含量的纳米SiO2降低了MC尼龙6的结晶活化能,提高了其球晶生长速率,并促进了其结晶行为。     

钛酸酯偶联剂改性纳米ZnO制备MC尼龙6/ZnO复合材料

用钛酸酯偶联剂改性纳米ZnO制备MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料。当纳米ZnO加入量为2%时,MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料力学综合性能最优,与纯MC尼龙6相比,其拉伸强度提高28.4%,断裂伸长率提高152.7%,弯曲模量提高30.2%,冲击强度提高60.5%。从SEM分析可见,ZnO在MC尼龙6中分布均匀,达到纳米级分散;从XRD分析可见,纳米ZnO没有改变MC尼龙6的结晶形态。     

MC尼龙/钛酸钾晶须复合材料制备及其摩擦学性能研究

为了考察和改善MC尼龙的吸水性对其摩擦学性能的影响,采用单体浇铸工艺制备了MC尼龙/钛酸钾晶须复合材料。经干摩擦实验后发现,未水浴处理试样的摩擦系数易受吸水性的影响而不稳定,而水浴处理试样的摩擦系数则能较快地达到稳定;MC尼龙/钛酸钾晶须复合材料的磨损以磨粒磨损为主,纯MC尼龙则以粘着磨损为主,水浴处理试样的总质量磨损率要小于未水浴处理试样,但吸水性对材料磨损特性的影响并不明显;水浴处理MC尼龙/钛酸钾晶须复合材料能明显改善吸水性对摩擦学性能的影响。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。