Alternate resolution strategy in multistage interconnection networks

Multistage interconnection networks have been proposed by many research groups to provide communication between processor and memory module in multiprocessor systems. However, two different processor requests may result in a conflict on the path establishment. For multistage interconnection networks operated in circuit switching mode, the drop approach and the hold approach are often employed to solve the conflict problem in path establishment. In this paper, we propose another resolution, the preemptive hold approach, to solve the conflict problem in path establishment. The proposed approach requires a minor modification in the design of the switching element in multistage interconnection networks. From simulation results, we find that the bandwidth of our proposed resolution approach is higher than those of the other two approaches. Meanwhile, we also propose an analytical model to analyze the bandwidth of the drop approach in multistage interconnection networks.     

Fei Teng 64 Stream Processing System: Architecture, Compiler, and Programming

The stream architecture is a novel microprocessor architecture with wide application potential. It is critical to study how to use the stream architecture to accelerate scientific computing programs. However, existing stream processors and stream programming languages are not designed for scientific computing. To address this issue, we design and implement a 64-bit stream processor, Fei Teng 64 (FT64), which has a peak performance of 16 Gflops. FT64 supports two kinds of communications, message passing and stream communications, based on which, an interconnection architecture is designed for a FT64-based high-performance computer. This high-performance computer contains multiple modules, with each module containing eight FT64s. We also design a novel stream programming language, Stream Fortran 95 (SF95), together with the compiler SF95Compiler, so as to facilitate the development of scientific applications. We test nine typical scientific application kernels on our FT64 platform to evaluate this design. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of FT64 and its compiler for scientific computing.     

基于多目标自适应遗传算法的逻辑电路门级进化方法

提出一种改进的遗传算法,通过网表级编码、多目标评估和遗传参数自适应等措施,可依据多个设计目标,以较少的运算量自动生成和优化逻辑电路．在数字乘法器、偶校验器等进化设计实验中,通过比手工设计和同类方法更优的新奇设计结果展示了该方法的有效性和先进性．     

Language Parametric Module Management for IDEs

An integrated development environment (IDE) monitors all the changes that a user makes to source code modules and responds accordingly by flagging errors, by reparsing, by rechecking, or by recompiling modules and by adjusting visualizations or other information derived from a module. A module manager is the central component of the IDE that is responsible for this behavior. Although the overall functionality of a module manager in a given IDE is fixed, its actual behavior strongly depends on the programming languages it has to support. What is a module? How do modules depend on each other? What is the effect of a change to a module?We propose a concise design for a language parametric module manager: a module manager that is parameterized with the module behavior of a specific language. We describe the design of our module manager and discuss some of its properties. We also report on the application of the module manager in the construction of IDEs for the specification language Asf+Sdf as well as for Java.Our overall goal is the rapid development (generation) of IDEs for programming languages and domain specific languages. The module manager presented here represents a next step in the creation of such generic language workbenches.     

工作站集群系统高速互联技术的设计与实现

高速互联技术是构造工作站集群的关键技术之一，该文首先概述了实现高速互联的3类数据传输方式，然后提出了多路串行链路技术以实现高带宽、低延迟、灵活可扩展的互联网络,介绍了其中关键的多路数据同步逻辑，并采用FPGA和惠普GLINK串闻转换芯片组实现了一块基于PCI总线的互联通信接口卡，验证了多路串行链路技术的可行性。     

On Bus Traffic Estimation

I. INTRODUCTION Bus is an important one-dimensional interconnection network in communication and multiprocessor systems [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. It is a very cost-effective dynamic interconnection scheme which enables the temporary connection of any two components of a system. Bus is a linear cost structure ensuring a “direct connectivity” between every possible sender and every possible receiver. A number of modules (subsystems, such as processors, caches, I/O integrated devices) are placed o…     

PCI Express技术在嵌入式MPSoC中的应用

PCI Express作为第三代高性能I/O互连技术具有很多技术优势,如基于报文交换、点对点连接、LVDS高速串行互连、高带宽等。但是,PCI Express技术更多地应用于通用高性能计算机领域,鲜有将其应用于嵌入式系统设计中的实例。本文基于自行研制的一款嵌入式多核SoC系统YHFT-QDSP,根据系统设计需求,结合PCI Express技术特点,采用基于IP裁剪的快速设计方法将PCI Express技术应用于系统片间互连模块的设计中,缩短了设计周期并获得了良好的设计效果。采用0.13μm工艺单元库实现,PCI Express片间互连模块总面积为0.65mm2,其中协议转换模块面积为0.12mm2,片间数据传输有效带宽可达1.63Gb/s。     

Overlay high-density interconnect: a chips-first multichip moduletechnology

A high-density interconnection (HDI) technology that involves placing bare chips into cavities on a base substrate and fabricating the thin-film interconnect structure on top of the components is described. The interconnects to the chip I/O pads are formed as part of the thin-film fabrication process, thus eliminating the need for wire bonds, tape-automated bonds (TABs), or solder bumps. The need for advanced packaging and interconnection and the standard chips-last multichip module (MCM) technologies are reviewed. The HDI chips-first MCM technology's IC pretest requirements and approaches, substrate and packaged parts test, and substrate packaging are discussed     

New wine in old bottles or new bottles for new wine? Product language approaches in design‐intensive industries during technological turmoil

It is widely acknowledged that technological innovation affects the development of product language. Some scholars argue that technological innovation leads companies to develop radically different product language to emphasize novelty; conversely, others note that technological innovation pushes companies to recall previous technology product language in order to increase acceptance of the new technology. This article analyzes the rationale that guides firms to choose these alternative approaches when confronting technological innovations of different magnitude and identifies which of them prevails in a design‐intensive industry. In particular, the study—through an analysis of 678 products in the Italian lighting industry—shows that light‐emitting diode (LED) technology (a discontinuous innovation) involved more product language changes than did compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) technology (a continuous innovation) and that a different use of product materials contributed to this higher number of product language changes. By discussing the reasons behind these findings, this paper extends and better qualifies the literature on the relationship between technological innovation and product design innovation.     

Trends in low-cost, high-performance substrate technology

The trends in high density interconnection (HDI) multichip module (MCM) techniques that have the potential to reduce interconnection cost and production time are described. The implementation in laminated dielectric (MCM-L) technology of a workstation processor core illustrates current substrate technology capabilities. The design, routing, layout and thermal management of the processor core are described. Thin-film deposited dielectric (MCM-D) technology is discussed as a cost-effective method for future interconnection applications     

Sky Based Light Metering for High Dynamic Range Images

Image calibration requires both linearization of pixel values and scaling so that values in the image correspond to real‐world luminances. In this paper we focus on the latter and rather than rely on camera characterization, we calibrate images by analysing their content and metadata, obviating the need for expensive measuring devices or modeling of lens and camera combinations. Our analysis correlates sky pixel values to luminances that would be expected based on geographical metadata. Combined with high dynamic range (HDR) imaging, which gives us linear pixel data, our algorithm allows us to find absolute luminance values for each pixel—effectively turning digital cameras into absolute light meters. To validate our algorithm we have collected and annotated a calibrated set of HDR images and compared our estimation with several other approaches, showing that our approach is able to more accurately recover absolute luminance. We discuss various applications and demonstrate the utility of our method in the context of calibrated color appearance reproduction and lighting design.     

Creating Specific Grammars with Generic Grammars: Towards Flexible Urban Design

The aim of the City Induction project is to develop an urban design tool consisting of 3 parts: an urban programme formulation module, a generation module and an evaluation module. The generation module relies on a very generic Urban Grammar composed of several generic grammars called Urban Induction Patterns (UIPs) corresponding to typical urban design moves. Specific grammars, such as the analytical grammars inferred from our case studies, can be obtained by defining specific arrangements of Urban Induction Patterns and specific constraints on the rule parameters. We show that variations on the UIP arrangements or rule parameters can provide design variations and specific grammars to be synthesised through design exploration. It is therefore seen as a process for synthesizing a specific design grammar within the field of urban design and has two main features: (1) it allows for the synthesis of specific grammars during the design process and (2) it allows for the customization of a personal design language within the broad scope of the generic grammar.     

利用串口进行网络系统互联的设计与实现

为了解决数字微波设备网管系统中利用串口进行网络互联的问题,利用uCLinux系统中Netlink通信机制、网络驱动程序设计等关键技术,结合数字微波设备网管系统的具体设计,提出了基于串口设备的网络系统互联的系统模型,并给出了具体的设计与实现方法。     

设计排版里中英文字体的使用研究

在设计上,尤其是平面设计和排版里,文字的设计,运用和排列是视觉传达的重要组成部分,运用中文字体和运用英文字体所产生的效果有明显的不同。当然首先要说明一下的是,任何一种语言和文字在其本质上都是平等的,没有贵贱之分,这里所讨论的只是把文字看作设计中的一种元素运用于平面设计和排版之中,从而在视觉上给人产生的不同感受。对于大多数搞设计的人员来说,在总体上,中文字体的排版效果比英文字体来得逊色一点。因为在设计排版中,字体并非仅仅是作为传达文本意义的符号而存在,字体也同时参与到视觉传达与视觉享受的过程中去了。在平面设计中作为基本概念的"点、线、面"三要素,在字体的运用和排版上同样存在。单个的汉字和由字母组成的单个英文单词,作为单独的点元素来说,已经有太大的差别;当他们分别组成了一行文字构成了线元素之后,差别进一步扩大;而当一行行的文字组成了整排的文章形成了面元素之后,在人们视觉中产生的差别就可想而知了。在对中英文字体做了比较和分析,了解了两者的差别和特点之后,作为中国设计师,就要想办法从多种角度出发,运用多种办法来尽可能的提高中文字体在平面设计中的观赏性。     

基于龙芯2E的AMC处理器模块设计

介绍基于国产通用处理器的嵌入式高级夹层卡（AMC）处理器模块的设计和实现。该模块以龙芯2ECPU为核心,板卡设计符合AMC规范,可以直接应用于符合新型先进电信计算构架规范的计算机系统。模块配有适用于嵌入式系统互联的串行RapidIO接口,可以提供充足的有效带宽用于数据通信和系统配置。给出模块的芯片组设计和软件配置。     

一种适用于POP工艺GNC模块的测试系统设计

高可靠性POP工艺的GNC模块,创新采用了无框架结构,以三维互连为层规划准则,集成了信息处理组件和多种传感器,通过三维堆叠实现了立体互连,形成具有多种外设接口的正交立体集成结构的导航制导通信模块;由于其高集成度和小型化的特点而大大增加了测试难度;采用主从协同系统设计方法,构建了一种针对小型化航天电子产品的新型测试系统,测试系统硬件部分采用通用化、标准化设计,实现对产品在特殊环境条件下的测试;软件架构采用分层构件化设计,将单元测试和专项测试相结合,对产品各项功能和性能实行独立测试;经实际应用满足了对GNC产品的测试需求,该测试系统功能齐全,操作简单,利于总体维护及系统级调试,是对GNC模块可测性、可算性的巨大提升。     

A packaging system for heterogeneous execution environments

A packaging system that allows diverse software components to be easily interconnected within heterogeneous programming environments is described. Interface software and stubs are generated for programmers automatically once the programmers express their application's geometry in a few simple rules and module interconnection language attributes. By generating custom interface code for each application, based on analysis and extraction of interfacing requirements, the system is able to produce executables whose run-time performance is comparable to manually integrated applications. The system is implemented within the Unix environment