基于改进ECT的隔热材料胶层无损检测研究

电容层析成像(ECT)技术是能显示被测物场的二维或三维介质分布图像的实时检测技术,基于平面阵列传感器的ECT系统为陶瓷多孔隔热材料缺陷检测提供一种新的技术途径。本文针对陶瓷多孔隔热材料粘结胶层的缺陷无损检测问题,提出了一种基于改进的电容层析成像方法。首先在分析平面阵列传感器ECT检测系统模型及成像原理的基础上,提出了一种改进初值的Landwebe迭代图像重建算法;进一步将该算法应用到基材表层与隔热材料之间的粘结胶层的缺陷检测领域,并通过实验验证了采用基于改进ECT的无损检测方法在陶瓷多孔隔热材料粘结胶层缺陷检测中应用的有效性;同时与采用传统ECT成像算法的检测实验进行比较。结果表明本文提出的改进ECT算法对胶层缺陷图像重建质量具有较大幅度的提高。     

提高ECT系统成像质量和速度的方法

在电容层析成像(ECT)技术的应用中,图像重建的质量和速度是电容传感器,并通过一种改进的正则化算法和利用DSP系统来实现快速高质的图像重建.     

基于ECT/EST双模信息融合的磨粒图像重建算法

电容层析成像(ECT)技术因其非侵入、无辐射、可视化、响应快、成本低等优势在两相流测量中获得了广泛应用,但在发动机油路中,因摩擦产生的能量释放使磨粒荷电,对ECT传感器电容值的测量产生扰动,严重影响成像质量。为提高荷电颗粒存在情况下电容层析成像的图像重建质量,提出电容层析成像(ECT)与静电层析成像(EST)双模信息融合成像方法。该方法通过测量荷电颗粒在传感器矩形电极上感应的电荷值,得到荷电磨粒的信息;通过ECT系统得到一组电容值,并利用加权融合的修正方法,对ECT中畸变的电容值进行修正;用修正后的电容值进行图像重建。仿真实验证明:该方法能够弥补单一ECT模态的成像质量不高的不足,减弱荷电颗粒对ECT电容值测量的干扰,明显提高了图像重建质量,降低了成像误差;采用双模态重建图像方法可正确识别环状流、泡状流、核心流等几种典型流型。     

基于加权奇异值分解截断共轭梯度的电容层析图像重建

针对电容层析成像技术(ECT)中的"软场"效应和病态问题,提出了一种基于加权奇异值分解(SVD)截断共轭梯度的电容层析(ECT)图像重建算法。阐述了电容层析成像工作原理,提出了12电极ECT系统的测量方法。在分析灵敏度矩阵的奇异值分解理论的基础上,推导出了加权SVD截断共轭梯度的数学模型,并利用Tikhonov方法进行正则化加权处理。最后,分析了算法的收敛性,并将其应用于电容层析成像系统的图像重建中。实验结果表明,对于层流,截断共轭梯度算法的平均误差能达到27.54%,全部流型平均迭代步数达到13步,与LBP、Landweber和CG算法比较,该算法具有成像效果好,成像速度快,易于实现等特点。     

电容层析成像在高压浓相煤粉气力输送中的应用

在输送压力可达4.0 MPa、固气比达740 kg/m^3的高压浓相煤粉气力输送实验台上,用电容层析成像技术对10 mm内径的水平管道进行气/固两相流流型的辨识。研制了适用于高压力下的8电极厚管壁小口径电容层析成像传感器,管壁厚度达5 mm。为了消除厚管壁对电容传感器灵敏度的影响,采用精度较高的交流法电容检测电路,激励信号峰值提高到30 VP-P并对C/V转换放大器做滤波处理以提高信号的信噪比。将USB通信方式引入到ECT与计算机的数据传输中,解决ECT数据传输速度问题。比较LBP算法、Landweber迭代算法和神经网络算法在厚管壁ECT图像重建中的效果,发现神经网络算法受流型的影响很小,具有最优的重建图像质量。     

基于多项式加速的电容层析成像图像重建算法

针对普通迭代方法收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种多项式加速的正则化迭代电容层析成像算法来加快其收敛速度.在介绍12电极电容层析成像系统基本原理的基础上,给出了该算法的数学模型,并利用谱分析对该算法的收敛性进行了证明.探讨了ECT应用该算法的可行性,该算法易满足收敛条件且重建图像误差小.仿真和实验结果表明,和LBP、Landweber算法相比,该算法兼备成像质量高及收敛速度快等优点,为ECT图像重建算法的研究提供了一个新的思路.     

电容层析成像系统中径向电极的研究

由于电容层析成像系统中电容测量非常困难,常采用在相邻电极间嵌入径向电极的方法来改善电容敏感场的分布.文中对8电极电容层析成像系统进行了具体的仿真实验和理论分析,并对径向电极及其嵌入尺寸对电容传感器的电容值及敏感场分布的影响进行了研究,根据各项参数对电容传感器性能的影响以及传感器结构参数的优化目标函数,确定了径向电极的最优嵌入尺寸.实验结果表明:采用径向电极最优嵌入尺寸的电容层析成像系统,能够缩小测量电容值的动态变化范围,降低数据采集电路的设计难度,同时还能够提高电容响应的灵敏度,改善电容传感器敏感场的分布,提高电容层析成像系统的性能.     

电容层析成像系统(ECT)软场特性研究

电容层析成像(ECT)系统阵列传感器的敏感场受被测介质的影响,这一"软场"特性是ECT应用于两相流参数测量中的一个主要问题.本文介绍了基于有限元模型的仿真实验,通过数据分析研究了多个影响灵敏场分布的因素及其规律.     

基于改进信赖域的电容层析成像图像重建算法

针对电容层析成像技术中的"软场"效应和病态问题,提出了一种改进信赖域的新电容层析成像算法。在分析电容层析成像基本原理的基础上,推导出了求解ECT反问题的信赖域算法的计算步骤,同时利用BFGS公式对迭代过程中产生的Hesse矩阵进行校正。在此基础上对信赖域算法的收敛性进行了分析和证明,算法满足收敛条件且重建图像误差小。仿真和实验结果表明,和LBP、Landweber和共轭梯度算法相比,对于简单流型该算法兼备成像质量高、边界均匀稳定等优点,为ECT图像重建算法的研究提供了一个新的方法。     

柔性激励ECT数据获取系统

针对不同结构形状的电容传感器进行快速设计电容层析成像(Electrical Capacitance Tomography,ECT)系统的工程需求,提出了一种柔性组合激励的ECT系统方案.重点介绍了一种基于交流激励模式下的柔性16路ECT数据获取系统的激励源及组合式阵列开关等前端系统,该系统可实现1对15,2对14的柔性切换,更改ROM可以实现3对13,…,8对8的柔性切换.并进行了验证,结果表明该实验系统满足柔性ECT系统对其数据获取系统前端的需求.     

Determination of the optimal axial length of the electrode in an electrical capacitance tomography sensor

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is one of the most successful process tomography techniques, which has been developed for more than a decade. Thus far, most of the research on ECT has been based on two-dimensional modeling, which simplifies the ECT sensor structure as two dimensional. However, certain key issues such as the three-dimensional effect of the ECT sensor are not considered at all. In this paper, the finite element method is used to solve the partial differential equation governing the ECT sensing zone, which is actually three dimensional. The sensitivity distributions between different electrode pairs are calculated and compared with those based on the two-dimensional modeling. The impacts of the length of both the measurement electrode and the guard electrode on the sensitivity distribution are investigated. The effect of the length of the measurement electrode on the normalized capacitance is also discussed. According to the numerical results presented in this paper, it is suggested that the optimal length of the measurement electrode for electrical capacitance tomography is the same as the width or diameter of the sensor.     

Split Bregman iteration based image reconstruction algorithm for electrical capacitance tomography

Practical applications of the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) rely mainly on the effectiveness of reconstruction algorithms. In this paper the solution of the inverse problem with the focus on the ECT imaging is reformulated to be an optimization problem by introducing a new loss function with regularizes encoding multiple features of solution. An iterative scheme that decomposes a complex optimization problem into several simpler sub-problems is developed to solve the proposed loss function, in which the linearization approximation and the acceleration strategy are introduced to improve numerical performances. Numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed imaging method in tackling the ECT inverse problem.     

一种电容层析成像系统结构的优化方法

介绍了电容层析成像的基本原理,针对现有电容层析成像系统存在的问题,提出了一种总线型、模块化的微弱电容测量电路新结构,对电容层析成像系统的结构进行了优化,以使该技术更适应工业现场应用。     

循环流化床上ECT传感器灵敏场的有限元分析

电容层析成像传感器的敏感场受多相流介质分布的影响,软场特性给图像重建带来很大困难,为了提高重建图像质量,对敏感场分布进行分析是非常必要的.该文以12电极方形电容传感器为基础,对电容层析成像技术应用于循环流化床研究做了简单阐述,着重研究了用有限元法对方形电容传感器敏感场分布的计算机仿真,讨论了负敏感场的处理方法.     

Image reconstruction of electrical capacitance tomography based on optimal simulated annealing algorithm using orthogonal test method

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a visualization measurement method for two-phase flow. Imaging permittivity distributions using electrical capacitance tomography has always been one of the most significant issues studied by scholars, and the algorithm will have a great impact on the accuracy of image reconstruction result. This paper applies simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to image reconstruction in ECT. However, some parameters of SA algorithm need to be optimized in order to obtain better reconstructed images in ECT. The influence of different parameter values in SA algorithm for image reconstruction in ECT is studied, and a set of optimal parameters of the SA algorithm is obtained based on the orthogonal experimental design method in this paper. At the same time, simulation and static experiments are conducted. Reconstructed images by SA algorithm with optimized parameter are compared with the linear back projection (LBP) and Landweber iterative algorithms. The results show that better images can be obtained for typical oil-gas two-phase flow using SA algorithm. The quality and shape fidelity of reconstructed image for the central object are obviously improved.     

电容层析成像系统传感器优化设计

针对电容层析成像系统的数据采集系统存在的灵敏度低,检测信号微弱,信噪比低等问题,分析电容传感器各结构参数对系统物理性能的影响,建立了传感器敏感场场域的数学模型,从软场角度,介质分布,敏感场的均匀性以及传感器结构参数等方面进行了分析,确定了传感器的优化设计函数。采用响应面方法对隐式函数进行拟合,得到响应面方程并加以验证,获得了一组传感器优化参数,完成了传感器的优化设计。图像重建结果表明,采用优化后得到的传感器重建精度高,对ECT系统的研究具有重要意义。     

矩形电容层析成像传感器仿真模拟和实验测量

常规电容层析成像传感器为规则对称方形或圆形结构,其测量和成像算法已相对成熟.由于受循环流化床旋风分离器入口结构段的限制,上述传感器结构已不能应用在旋风分离器入口段的测量,因此为了研究大型化循环流化床多旋风分离器并联布置入口段固体颗粒浓度分布,提出和设计了一种矩形非常规电容传感器,该传感器为12电极结构,在每个入口段的短边布置2个电极,长边布置4个电极,成像敏感场仿真计算基于Ansoft-Maxwell软件.对此传感器进行了静态仿真模拟研究和静态实验测量,对不同激励电压和频率测量结果进行分析,并对测量结果进行误差分析,得到矩形不规则电容传感器最佳测量参数(激励电压和频率),并对循环流化床分离器入口段进行了动态测量.结果表明,这种矩形非常规电容传感器可以用于循环流化床冷态试验台的旋风分离器入口段的直接测量,测量结果对改进旋风分离器的布置方式有参考意义.     

Window function-based regularization for electrical capacitance tomography image reconstruction

Image reconstruction for electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is to retrieve the permittivity distribution of materials inside the sensor from the capacitance measurements outside. It is a typical inverse problem and has long been a challenge for its nonlinearity and ill-posedness. This paper discusses the application of Tikhonov regularization, widely used for ill-posed problems, to the image reconstruction for electrical capacitance tomography. Two methods using different regularizations are investigated, which are the standard Tikhonov regularization and the Tikhonov regularization based on the second order derivative operator. Particularly, a combined method using the linear back projection (LBP) result as the prior constraint for the Tikhonov regularization with the second order derivative operator is suggested. Simulation and experiment results show that this combined method takes advantages from both the linear back projection and the Tikhonov regularization and provides reconstructions better than those from the LBP and the Tikhonov regularization. In addition, considering the essence that the Tikhonov regularization can be described as a spectral filter characterized by its corresponding window function, we propose the possibility of applying other window functions to the ECT image reconstruction, which include the Gauss window, the Hanning window, the Blackman window, and the cosine window. Results also show the feasibility of using window functions as regularization, which presents a new strategy for the regularization of ECT image reconstruction.     

3D ECT reconstruction by an improved Landweber iteration algorithm

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a relatively mature non-invasive imaging technique that attempts to map dielectric permittivity of materials. Recently, 3D ECT has gained interest because of its potential to generate volumetric images. The study of a fast and accurate image reconstruction algorithm is a challenge task, especially for 3D reconstruction. In this paper, we propose an improved Landweber iteration algorithm. We incorporate an additional acceleration term into the cost function and apply an adaptive threshold operation to the image obtained in each iteration for reducing artefacts. The algorithm proposed is tested by the noise-free and noise-contaminated capacitance data. Sensitivity matrixes and capacitance data of a 3D ECT sensor are obtained by using the finite element (FE) method. Extensive simulations in 3D reconstruction are carried out. The results verify the effectiveness of these improvements. Both the reconstruction time and the artefacts in the reconstructed image are reduced obviously. The experimental results of 3D reconstruction of objects in the shape of letters U and L confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm further.     

用于两相流测量的ECT图像重构技术研究

电容层析成像技术(ECT)具有非侵入、响应速度快、成本低等优点,是用于两相流参数检测非常有发展潜力的技术之一。而图像重构是ECT系统研究的关键技术。该文利用有限元方法对12电极ECT系统进行建模仿真,进行正问题求解,获得了图像重构的样本数据;引入改进的径向基函数神经网络,建立了ECT图像重构算法,并在MATLAB平台上进行了仿真验证。结果表明,改进的径向基神经网络算法在图像重构准确度及速度方面有了明显提高。