欠驱动三刚体仿袋鼠跳跃机器人落地冲击分析

根据袋鼠的生物结构特性,建立了液压驱动的欠驱动仿袋鼠跳跃机器人三刚体模型.利用拉格朗日方法建立了机器人在着地阶段的动力学方程及主、被动关节动力学耦合方程,利用Maple 15进行符号计算得出耦合因子.结合实例,应用Matlab7.0分别对碰撞力、地面的反作用力、系统动能、及总质心在y方向上的位移变化进行了计算和仿真;并与全驱动的仿袋鼠跳跃机器人刚性模型进行了对比分析.还通过跳跃机器人两种模型的跳跃模拟对比实验,用加速度传感器测得落地冲击时质心加速度曲线.结果表明:弹性元件的引入有效地起到了缓冲的作用,减轻了着地时机器人与地面的振动和冲击,提高了跳跃机器人的落地稳定性,节省了系统损耗的能量.     

基于ZMP法的仿袋鼠跳跃机器人着地阶段运动稳定性分析

基于仿袋鼠跳跃机器人五刚体机构模型,运用拉格朗日法,建立了跳跃机器人系统着地阶段的动力学方程,采用ZMP法研究了仿袋鼠弹跳机器人的运动稳定性,提出了其着地运动稳定裕度的计算方法和判据;采用Matlab仿真工具,结合实例分析,对机器人着地阶段各关节驱动力矩以及ZMP点的变化情况进行了仿真,并提出了改进刚性模型着地运动稳定性的方法。仿真结果表明:ZMP法在此模型上分析是有效的。     

跳跃机器人的研究现状与发展趋势

由于受到动物和人类的跳跃运动的敏捷性的启发,在过去的几十年间,越来越多的国内外研究者开始研究跳跃运动并着手开发了各种各样的跳跃机器人。跳跃运动是一种高度非线性的并且由交替的飞行和着地阶段组成的动态运动,这给跳跃机器人的控制提出了很大的挑战。综述了国内外跳跃机器人的研究现状,对现有的跳跃机器人进行了分类,对跳跃机器人的驱动方式、动力学模型的建立和控制方法等方面进行了详细分析,提出了目前跳跃机器人研究的关键技术,最后指出了跳跃机器人的发展趋势。     

仿袋鼠跳跃机器人着地阶段的动力特性研究

根据袋鼠的生理结构及运动特征,提出了仿袋鼠跳跃机器人的单腿模型,建立了相应机构在着地阶段的运动学和动力学方程.结合实例,用MATLAB计算了机器人在着地阶段关节力矩和地面作用力随时间变化的规律,并对其进行了分析和讨论.结果表明:踝关节的输入力矩是膝关节的2.5倍,是髋关节的6倍,因此踝关节的驱动力矩是整个机器人完成跳跃的决定因素之一.此动力学研究结果为仿袋鼠跳跃机器人的设计分析及跳跃运动的精确控制提供了理论基础.     

一种具有跳跃能力的自平衡两轮机器人动力学建模与越障控制

针对传统机器人越障能力不足的问题,结合本实验室设计的一种具有跳跃能力的自平衡两轮机器人,建立了机器人的动力学模型.分析了两轮机器人最大可控角的影响因素,建立了弹跳准备阶段的模糊滑模控制器,实现对机器人摆角与移动速度的控制.对机器人在起跳阶段做了动力学分析,对机器人在腾空阶段的运动做了动力学分析,同时根据障碍物外形,对其越障运动做了轨迹规划.最后,通过仿真与实验研究,验证了所建立的跳跃越障控制方法的有效性.     

仿袋鼠机器人腾空阶段跳跃运动特性研究

针对袋鼠生物体结构及其腾空阶段的运动特点，提出了仿袋鼠跳跃机器人腾空阶段的运动特性分析方法。采用D—H法建立了仿袋鼠跳跃机器人腾空阶段的运动学分析模型，基于拉格朗日方法推导了其腾空阶段的动力学方程，最后利用MATLAB结合实例对此模型进行了仿真分析。结果表明，仿袋鼠跳跃机器人的髋关节和膝关节对于整个机器人的空中姿态调节有着决定性的作用。研究结果为仿袋鼠跳跃机器人的试验研究和驱动器的选择提供了理论参考。     

液压驱动六足跳跃机器人仿真分析

介绍了一种液压驱动跳跃六足机器人的模型,分别进行了该机器人侧面双腿和正面双腿竖直跳跃运动学分析与动力学分析。采用D-H法,提出了一种液压驱动六足跳跃机器人模型,并建立了其着地和腾空两阶段的运动学分析模型;采用拉格朗日方程分析其动力学,得到了该机器人结构在运动过程中各关节的输出力矩特性。最后基于Adams软件对双腿跳跃六足机构和其质心轨迹进行了仿真,分析了其跃障能力,优化了两种跳跃方式的跳跃倾角,并比较了这两种跳跃方式效率,仿真结果验证了六足机构的运动平稳性,较好的越障能力,侧腿跳效率更优,获得侧面和正面双腿跳跃的最佳倾角,为后续研究工作提供了理论支撑。     

一种稳定跳跃型机器人的设计与空中姿态控制

针对现有跳跃机器人跳跃时空间姿态旋转问题,从结构与运动控制上入手,设计一种稳定跳跃型机器人。基于弹簧倒立摆跳跃模型在平行四杆机构的基础上设计了一种新型八连杆机构,并利用离合式行星轮结构设计了一种靠卷绳实现能量蓄积与释放装置。利用拐点圆及最小残差理论对末端轨迹进行了近似直线优化处理,并建立了跳跃结构的运动学、动力学模型,进行了跳跃仿真测试。设计了基于模糊PID控制理论的双闭环反馈控制系统,并搭建联合仿真模型从结构动力学及姿态控制系统上进行整体仿真测试。结果表明机器人具备结构上的稳定起跳基础,并通过空中姿态控制实现跳跃后稳定姿态的保持,整体实现了稳定跳跃。     

欠驱动仿袋鼠跳跃机器人动力学耦合研究

根据袋鼠的生物结构及运动特点,建立了具有欠驱动关节的仿袋鼠跳跃机器人模型。以此模型为基础,分析系统的主动关节与被动关节之间的加速度耦合效应。采用拉格朗日方方法建立了机构的动力学方程。结合实例,运用Matlab软件对机器人进行仿真分析,给出了机器人全局单关节耦合变化规律。结果表明:仿袋鼠跳跃机器人的踝关节与欠驱动关节间存在足够大的耦合并且通过动力学耦合来控制欠驱动关节的位置是可能的。动力学耦合指标对欠驱动机器人的结构设计和驱动装置位置有重要作用。     

腰部调整对仿猫机器人跳跃轨迹的作用分析

猫是一种灵巧擅长跳跃的动物,分析猫的跳跃,有助于启发改善跳跃机器人的机构,提高机器人跳跃灵活性。以家猫作为模本,提出了有腰部结构的仿猫机构模型,研制出仿猫机器人,利用动量守恒和拉格朗日方程,建立了机器人空中动力学模型。最后令机器人模仿一家猫跳跃过程中的腰部运动,观察机器人在空中不同情况下后脚尖的运动轨迹,得出结论机器人在空中的利用腰部进行姿态调整可以增加机器人越障高度,为机器人应对突发状况提供参考。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.