Low-loss coupling of multiple fiber arrays to single-mode waveguides

A method for obtaining permanent low-loss couping between arrys of single-mode fiber and Ti:LiNbO3waveguides is described. The technique, based on the use of silicon chip V-grooves, simplifies the coupling problem by simultaneously aligning the entire array and by providing a large surface area for a higher integrity adhesive bond. Atlambda = 1.3 mum, we measure an average 1.9-dB coupling loss (exclusive of propagation loss) for the assembled array. The average excess loss due to the fiber array is 0.8 dB. We present an analysis of the effect of various types of array misalignment on coupling efficiency. Angular alignment and array periodicity are found to be critical. If the fiber and waveguide periodicities are matched exactly, the fibers need only be placed withinpm 1.3mum of their optimum position to maintain coupling efficiencies greater than 90 percent.     

Measurement of the birefringence of UV-written channel silicawaveguides by magnetooptic polarization-mode coupling

We report the measurement of the birefringence in integrated-optical waveguides using magnetooptical coupling between the two principal polarizations of the fundamental mode. We demonstrate this measurement technique for directly ultraviolet (UV)-written channel waveguides in silica on-silicon and silica-on-silica. The dependence of the waveguide birefringence on the UV-writing power and UV polarization is investigated. The results are compared with the birefringence of etched waveguides in comparable material systems. An analytical formula for the form birefringence in buried channel waveguides is developed, and measured data are compared with theoretical results     

Low-loss dispersion-shifted single-mode fiber manufactured by the OVD process

The development of a low-loss dispersion-shifted single-mode fiber with a segmented-core profile is reported. The combination of low dispersion in the 1550-nm window, 0.21-dB/km median attenuation at 1550 nm, excellent bend resistance (lambda_{c} = 1200nm), and good splicing behavior make this fiber an economically viable alternative for long-haul high-data-rate operation utilizing multilongitudinal mode lasers. System experiments have demonstrated bit rates as high as 1.3 Gbit/s over 107 km and repeaterless spans of up to 233 km.     

Low-loss fibre-chip coupling by buried laterally tapered InP/InGaAsP waveguide structure

A passive InP/InGaAsP spot-size transformer for low-loss coupling of semiconductor optoelectronic devices to single-mode fibres has been fabricated entirely on InP. Using a buried two-layer laterally tapered section, spot-size transformation is demonstrated from below 2 mu m up to 8 mu m, the spot size of a dispersion-shifted fibre at 1550 nm. For a chip without antireflection coating a total insertion loss of 2.7 dB was achieved at a taper length of approximately 600 mu m.<>     

Determining the mode-field diameter of single-mode optical fiber: An interlaboratory comparison

The National Bureau of Standards, in cooperation with the Electronic Industries Association, conducted an interlaboratory measurement comparison among fiber manufacturers. Evaluated were transverse splice offset, near-field, far-field, and variable aperture far-field methods for determining mode-field diameter. Measurements were performed on five single-mode fibers at both 1300- and 1550-nm wavelengths. At 1300 nm, agreement was fairly good with the average one standard deviation being 0.15 μm for mode-field diameters in the8-11 mum range. Distinct systematic differences among various techniques were observed at 1550 nm where mode distributions are not as Gaussian.     

Low-loss fiber-chip coupling by InGaAsP/InP thick waveguides forguided-wave photonic integrated circuits

A generic waveguiding structure is reported with low coupling loss (⩽1 dB/facet) with lensed fibers and low propagation loss (⩽1 dB/cm). This structure is suitable for low loss guided-wave photonic integrated circuits including active elements such as switches, and passive interconnections such as mirrors, and allows low polarization dependent operation. Which is required for instance in wavelength demultiplexers. This structure based on a single epitaxy is of interest for low cost photonic switching fabrics     

基于硫系光纤交叉相位调制的波长转换研究

全光波长转换器(AOWC)是全光通信网络的关 键器件,它是实现光波长路由的必要手段。本文提出了一种 基于硫系光纤交叉相位调制的波长转换方案。将信号光和探测光同时输入普通硫系光纤产生 XPM,然后用光带通滤波器(BPF) 滤得转换光的单个边带,从而实现相位-强度转换,还原出数字信号。本文详细分析了系统 的工作原理,并通过仿真,验证了 方案的可行性。该方案只需1m长度的光纤就能产生显著的XPM,对输入光信号峰值功率的要 求低,信号光可由40 Gb/s的归 零码数字信号驱动MZM调制获得,而不需要特殊的高功率超短脉冲激光。波长在1550 nm处的转换光信号眼图性能良好, 与原始信号相比,只有大约1dB的功率代价。该系统的波长转换的距离可达25 nm。该方案实现简单,不需要因为色散对硫 系光纤做特殊处理,适合于高速光传输系统,具有极大的应用前景。     

耦合器衰减实现的两种全光波长变换

在以往对全光波长变换的研究中,都是利用变换光实现波长变换,而利用闲频光的全光波长变换还没有相关报道.文章通过模拟耦合器衰减对全光波长变换的影响,发现在不同的泵浦光与信号光功率条件下,调节耦合器衰减可分别实现利用变换光的全光波长变换和利用闲频光的全光波长变换.     

Multiple-wavelength conversion with gain by a high-repetition-rate pulsed-pump fiber OPA

The authors propose and demonstrate a novel multiple-wavelength converter with gain, based on a pulsed-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier (OPA). It generates multiple replicas of the signal, as well as spectrally inverted versions. The device is modeled by using quasi-steady-state OPA gain equations, as well as by the split-step Fourier method. Predicted conversion gains of up to 20 dB have been confirmed by experiments. A 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) input signal was converted into several replicas, with penalties ranging from 0.26 to 1.24 dB for frequency shifts of /spl plusmn/k/spl times/100 GHz (k=1, 2, 3, 4).     

ICCD的光纤耦合技术

文中主要介绍ICCD光纤耦合工艺技术的研究工作,并介绍了国内外相关技术的历史及发展现状。文中所述的ICCD的耦合工艺,继承了国肉研究的技术特点,同时,参考了国际上一些著名公司的相关技术,例如以色列的ORLIL公司、法国的PHOTONIS公司、荷兰的DEP公司和ADMEC公司、俄罗斯的ELECTRON公司等。因此,具有相当的先进性、代表性和参考价值。     

Light coupling by a vortex lens into graded index fiber

This paper reports a novel launch scheme for coupling light into the skew rays of a graded index fiber. This is accomplished by utilizing a diffractive optical element in conjunction with a single mode fiber to mode match a graded index fiber. Results are used to confirm the fact that the element does improve the coupling into the skew rays of graded index fiber. This approach offers an alternative to existing methods based on tilting and angular offsets for the conditioned launch problem     

双环掺铒光纤激光器混沌的耦合反馈相移控制

提出了双环掺铒光纤激光器混沌耦合反馈相移控制方法和物理模型,利用耦合器将系统的输出量反馈到系统中,选取适当的反馈系数,并在反馈通道上加入相移控制器PC控制反馈光的相移,通过对反馈系数和反馈光相移的控制可以实时、动态、有效地控制激光混沌到稳定态和周期态;结合混沌耦合反馈相移控制方法和物理模型,建立了该控制模型的动力学方程;运用数值计算分析了系统输出状态随着控制参数变化的演化规律,表明控制参数反馈系数和反馈光相移的变化可以使系统的输出产生丰富的具有一定规律性的激光动力学现象;最后讨论了混沌被控制到单周期态时系统输出的振荡周期的变化规律与控制量的关系,在选取适当的控制参数,快速达到所需输出状态时,可以充分利用这一关系。     

ICCD的光纤耦合技术

针对低能电子（电子能量为300~1500 eV）轰击引起氧化铝钝化层BCMOS（Back-thinned Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor,BCMOS）图像传感器暗电流增加问题,设计了电子轰击BCMOS图像传感器实验,经统计发现,对于厚度为10 nm的氧化铝钝化层BCMOS图像传感器,轰击能量大于600 eV时暗电流增加速率明显;轰击电子能量不超过1.5 keV时,暗电流存在最大值,约为12000 e^－/pixel/s;电子轰击后的BCMOS图像传感器在电子干燥柜中静置时,其暗电流呈指数趋势下降。通过分析指出入射电子引起氧化铝钝化层与硅界面处缺陷态增加,是引起上述现象的主要原因。     

多模光纤到单模光纤耦合效率的研究分析

由于多模光纤的纤芯直径远大于单模光纤的纤芯直径,且多模先纤的数值孔径也大于单模光纤的数值孔径,因此多单模转换效率极低.为了提高多模光纤到单模光纤的耦合效率,采用自聚焦透镜对从多模光纤出射的光束进行汇聚,使其半径大小尽量与单模光纤的芯径大小相匹配,然后再利用球透镜来减小被汇聚过的光束的发散角,在不考虑各种连接损耗的前提下,通过ZEMAX来求解多模光纤到单模先纤的耦合效率.采用这种新型组合透镜耦合的方法可以极大提高多单模耦合的耦合效率,其最高耦合效率可达到38.7%.因此,这种组合透镜法是可行的.     

Optimized butt coupling between single mode fiber and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

In this paper, the optimum gap for maximum light coupling between Single Mode Fiber (SMF) & Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (HC-PCF) is theoretically computed and experimentally demonstrated. The Gaussian beam profile emanating from transmitting fiber undergoes Fresnel diffraction in the air up to some distance till its diffracted Mode Field Diameter (MFD) matches with the core diameter of receiving fiber. Theoretically computed such distance provides an optimum gap for maximum light coupling between these two fibers. The optimum gap is numerically computed as 7.618 μm and 12.598 μm for SMF to HC-PCF and HC-PCF to SMF light transmission configurations respectively and is verified experimentally. This optimized gap is useful for HC-PCF based devices to be joined to SMF as a transmission medium.     

两种LDA光纤耦合系统的比较研究

由于LDA本身的结构特点使其出射光束存在着大发散角、大像散等缺陷,采用LDA与光纤耦合的方式不但可以整形光束,还可以扩大LDA的应用领域.设计了LDA与微球端面光纤列阵和单根微球端面光纤耦合两种光束整形方式,分别进行了实验测试并分析了它们的输出特性.实验表明:利用LDA与微球端面光纤列阵耦合,可以实现31W的高功率连续激光输出,LDA与单根微球端面光纤耦合后出射的激光功率能够达到25W,光纤数值孔径为0.22.     

用于光纤耦合的无衍射光束研究

在光纤耦合理论及圆锥透镜产生无衍射光束理论的基础上提出了无衍射光束在光纤耦合中的方法.相对于其他方法,无衍射光束更容易耦合进入光纤,特别是单模光纤,并且在其最大准直距离内耦合效率几乎不变,可以减小装调难度.对此方法进行理论分析,并进行实验,加工了光纤耦合使用的圆锥透镜,其锥角为10°,通光半径为5mm.波长为0.632...     

光纤束耦合LD输出光束的空间耦合技术研究

基于多模大芯径光纤的端面出射光场可视为高斯分布,光纤束耦合LD各纤芯出射的光束互不相干;对光纤束耦合LD输出光束通过空间耦合光学系统后的光强分布进行了数值模拟和实验研究,模拟计算结果和实验结果的规律基本吻合。结果表明,用单个薄凸透镜组成耦合系统时,耦合后的光束在焦平面上中心光强最大,光斑尺寸最小;随着薄透镜焦距的增大,焦平面上的光斑尺寸呈线性增大,而中心光强急剧减小。     

空间光-光纤阵列耦合自动对准实验研究

为了使空间光-光纤耦合结构具有一定的抗抖动能力,采用自聚焦透镜和多模光纤耦合阵列结构结合模拟退火算法对光纤阵列实行2维控制,自动搜寻空间光-光纤耦合最佳视轴对准姿态。对光纤阵列和模拟退火算法进行了理论分析实验验证,取得了耦合效率变化的相关数据。结果表明,通过模拟退火算法可以实现空间光-光纤视轴对准,且光斑中心在耦合端面中心抖动小于2.5mm时,耦合功率波动小于35%,满足无线激光通信系统的要求。     

纳米锥SiGe-SOI光波导与光纤的耦合分析

Based on a submicrometer-sized SiGe-SOI waveguide, the coupling loss mechanism is analyzed between the submicrometer-sized SiGe-SOI waveguide and the fiber. The main sources of coupling loss are analyzed, and the mismatch loss of the mode field is the mainly lost during connection between the submicrometer-sized waveguide and the fiber. In order to reduce the mismatch loss of the mode field, the structure ofa nanotaper SiGeSOI waveguide with a nanometer-sized tip is adopted. By reducing the waveguide dimensions to increase the mode field size, coupling loss could be reduced between the waveguide and the fiber. Different mode field dimensions ofnanotaper SiGe-SOI waveguides and fiber are quantitatively analyzed, and the quantitative relationship between nanotaper SiGe-SOI waveguide dimensions and mode field dimensions are obtained. Finally, nanotaper SiGe-SOI waveguides are made, and the test and analysis have been done. The final experimental results accord well with the theoretical analysis. When the waveguide width is 0.5 μm, the minimum coupling loss of the SiGe-SOI waveguide is 0.56 dB/facet, and also the correctness of the design method and theoretical analysis are verified.