A fuzzy impulse noise detection and reduction method.

Removing or reducing impulse noise is a very active research area in image processing. In this paper we describe a new algorithm that is especially developed for reducing all kinds of impulse noise: fuzzy impulse noise detection and reduction method (FIDRM). It can also be applied to images having a mixture of impulse noise and other types of noise. The result is an image quasi without (or with very little) impulse noise so that other filters can be used afterwards. This nonlinear filtering technique contains two separated steps: an impulse noise detection step and a reduction step that preserves edge sharpness. Based on the concept of fuzzy gradient values, our detection method constructs a fuzzy set impulse noise. This fuzzy set is represented by a membership function that will be used by the filtering method, which is a fuzzy averaging of neighboring pixels. Experimental results show that FIDRM provides a significant improvement on other existing filters. FIDRM is not only very fast, but also very effective for reducing little as well as very high impulse noise.     

A fuzzy noise reduction method for color images.

A new fuzzy filter is presented for the reduction of additive noise for digital color images. The filter consists of two subfilters. The first subfilter computes fuzzy distances between the color components of the central pixel and its neighborhood. These distances determine in what degree each component should be corrected. All performed corrections preserve the color component distances. The goal of the second subfilter is to correct the pixels where the color components differences are corrupted so much that they appear as outliers in comparison to their environment. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach. We compare with other noise reduction methods by numerical measures and visual observations. We also illustrate the performance of the proposed method as preprocessing step for edge detection.     

一种基于两阶段的脉冲噪声滤除算法

本文提出了一种基于两阶段的脉冲噪声滤除方法.在算法的第一阶段,提出利用列队排序检测器(ROD)来检测图像中所有可能的脉冲噪声点.在第二阶段,对所有的噪声候选点进行自适应中值滤波,滤波窗口的尺寸大小是根据噪声密度自适应调整的.该算法能对图像的边界以及非噪声点进行保护.实验表明,本文算法在滤除脉冲噪声的同时可以有效地保护图像细节,尤其是在噪声密度非常大的情况下.     

Fuzzy two-step filter for impulse noise reduction from color images.

A new framework for reducing impulse noise from digital color images is presented, in which a fuzzy detection phase is followed by an iterative fuzzy filtering technique. We call this filter the fuzzy two-step color filter. The fuzzy detection method is mainly based on the calculation of fuzzy gradient values and on fuzzy reasoning. This phase determines three separate membership functions that are passed to the filtering step. These membership functions will be used as a representation of the fuzzy set impulse noise (one function for each color component). Our proposed new fuzzy method is especially developed for reducing impulse noise from color images while preserving details and texture. Experiments show that the proposed filter can be used for efficient removal of impulse noise from color images without distorting the useful information in the image.     

An efficient method for impulse noise reduction from images using fuzzy cellular automata

Impulse noise reduction from corrupted images plays an important role in image processing. This problem will also affect on image segmentation, object detection, edge detection, compression, etc. Generally, median filters or nonlinear filters have been used for noise reduction but these methods will destroy the natural texture and important information in the image like the edges. In this paper, to eliminate impulse noises from noisy images, we used a hybrid method based on cellular automata (CA) and fuzzy logic called Fuzzy Cellular Automata (FCA) in two steps. In the first step, based on statistical information, noisy pixels are detected by CA; then using this information, the noisy pixel will change by FCA. Regularly, CA is used for systems with simple components where the behavior of each component will be defined and updated based on its neighbors. The proposed hybrid method is characterized as simple, robust and parallel which keeps the important details of the image effectively. The proposed approach has been performed on well-known gray scale test images and compared with other conventional and famous algorithms, is more effective.     

Quaternion switching filter for impulse noise reduction in color image

A novel approach to impulse noise reduction in color image is introduced in this paper. By applying the quaternion unit transform theory, the difference between two color pixels can be represented in the quaternion form. Based on the difference mentioned above, an efficient filter that can switch between the vector median filter (VMF) and the identity filter (no filtering operation) is proposed. Extensive simulation result indicates that the proposed filter achieves a trade-off between noise suppression and detail preservation in both correlated and uncorrelated impulse noise scenarios when compared with other widely used filters. Furthermore, the computational complexity analysis shows that the proposed filter is quite efficient.     

Novel peer group filtering method based on the CIELab color space for impulse noise reduction

This paper presents a novel peer group filtering method for impulsive noise reduction. The main contributions of the proposed method are twofold. First, noise detection is performed in the CIELab, instead of the RGB, color space to enhance the noise detection effect. Secondly, two different-sized windows are used to determine the peer group for deducing more accurate status of each pixel, alleviating the problem of deducing non-corrupted pixels as corrupted in the neighborhood of edges in the textural regions. Based on five typical test color images, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better performance in noise detection and hence noise reduction when compared to five existing competitive methods.     

A new method to remove random-valued impulse noise in images

This paper presents a new method for detecting random-valued impulse noise (RVIN) in images. The proposed method is based on similar valued neighbor criterion and the detection of the noisy pixels are realized in maximum four phases. After the corrupted pixels detected in each phase, the median filtering is performed for only these pixels. As such, corrupted pixels are suppressed gradually at the end of the each phase. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on different test images and compared with ten different comparison filters from the literature. It is shown from simulation results that proposed method provides a significant improvement over comparison filters.     

Random-valued impulse noise removal using fuzzy weighted non-local means

In this paper, we propose a fuzzy weighted non-local means filter for the removal of random-valued impulse noise. We introduce a new fuzzy weighting function, which can shut off the impulsive weight effectively, to the non-local means. According to the new weighting function, the more a pixel is corrupted, the less it is exploited to reconstruct image information. Experiments show that the performances of the new filter are surprisingly satisfactory in terms of both visual quality and quantitative measurement. Moreover, our filter also can be used to remove mixed Gaussian and random-valued impulse noise.     

一种改进的图像中脉冲噪声滤波方法

提出了一种估计脉冲噪声强度的方法,并针对传统中值滤波(MF)法在去除脉冲噪声时存在的不足,给出了一种由噪声检测和噪声滤波2个阶段组成的图像滤波方法.实验结果表明,采用本文估计方法获得的噪声强度偏差较小,噪声滤波方法能在有效去除噪声的同时保持图像的边缘.     

A new fuzzy-based decision algorithm for high-density impulse noise removal

This paper proposes a new efficient fuzzy-based decision algorithm (FBDA) for the restoration of images that are corrupted with high density of impulse noises. FBDA is a fuzzy-based switching median filter in which the filtering is applied only to corrupted pixels in the image while the uncorrupted pixels are left unchanged. The proposed algorithm computes the difference measure for each pixel based on the central pixel (corrupted pixel) in a selected window and then calculates the membership value for each pixel based on the highest difference. The algorithm then eliminates those pixels from the window with very high and very low membership values, which might represent the impulse noises. Median filter is then applied to the remaining pixels in the window to get the restored value for the current pixel position. The proposed algorithm produces excellent results compared to conventional method such as standard median filter (SMF) as well as some advanced techniques such as adaptive median filters (AMF), efficient decision-based algorithm (EDBA), improved efficient decision-based algorithm (IDBA) and boundary discriminative noise detection (BDND) switching median filter. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using different standard images. From experimental analysis, it has been found that FBDA produces better results in terms of both quantitative measures such as PSNR, SSIM, IEF and qualitative measures such as Image Quality Index (IQI).     

A detection statistic for random-valued impulse noise.

This paper proposes an image statistic for detecting random-valued impulse noise. By this statistic, we can identify most of the noisy pixels in the corrupted images. Combining it with an edge-preserving regularization, we obtain a powerful two-stage method for denoising random-valued impulse noise, even for noise levels as high as 60%. Simulation results show that our method is significantly better than a number of existing techniques in terms of image restoration and noise detection.     

A new interpretation of noise reduction by matching

The technique of noise reduction by means of a matching transformer is treated as a modification of the amplifier input noise sources, without resorting to the concept of noise figure. It is shown that matching is independent of the thermal noise of the source. The technique of noise reduction by paralleling input devices is also mentioned as closely equivalent to transformer matching.     

Adaptive progressive filter to remove impulse noise in highly corrupted color images

In this paper, an adaptive progressive filtering (APF) technique with low computational complexity is proposed for removing impulse noise in highly corrupted color images. Color images that are corrupted with impulse noise are generally filtered by applying a vector-based approach. Vector-based methods tend to cluster the noise and receive a lower noise reduction performance when the noise ratio is high. To improve the performance, in the proposed technique, a new reliable estimation of impulse noise intensity and noise type is made initially, and then a progressive restoration mechanism is devised, using multi-pass non-linear operations with selected processing windows adapted to the estimation. The effect of impulse detection based on geometric characteristics and features of the corrupt pixel/pixel regions and the exact estimation of impulse noise intensity and type are used in the APF to efficiently support the progressive filtering mechanism. Through experiments conducted using a range of color images, the proposed filtering technique has demonstrated superior performance to that of well-known benchmark techniques, in terms of standard objective measurements, visual image quality, and the computational complexity.     

Removal of impulse noise from color images based on the localized image characteristics and noise level

The proposed method is a switching vector median filter that utilizes suitable noise detection and restoration algorithms for different impulse noise densities. It works in a multistage manner with an enhancing accuracy of noise detection in each successive stage. The processing window is initially categorized into a non-edge-window and an edge-window, depending on the scale of abrupt transitions. The non-edge-window is further verified to be a smooth-window or a disorder-window, whereas the edge-window is again confirmed to be noise-free or a noisy edge-window. The proposed method is simulated on a variety of medical images and other standard test images to prove its efficiency in detection of noise and restoration.     

Efficient method for modelling impulse noise in a communicationsystem

Impulse noise is considered to be one of the most damaging impairments in data communications. Based on measurements and the corresponding statistical modelling, an efficient and simple simulation model is proposed and its statistical analysis is outlined     

A universal noise removal algorithm with an impulse detector.

We introduce a local image statistic for identifying noise pixels in images corrupted with impulse noise of random values. The statistical values quantify how different in intensity the particular pixels are from their most similar neighbors. We continue to demonstrate how this statistic may be incorporated into a filter designed to remove additive Gaussian noise. The result is a new filter capable of reducing both Gaussian and impulse noises from noisy images effectively, which performs remarkably well, both in terms of quantitative measures of signal restoration and qualitative judgements of image quality. Our approach is extended to automatically remove any mix of Gaussian and impulse noise.     

A new efficient approach for the removal of impulse noise fromhighly corrupted images

A new framework for removing impulse noise from images is presented in which the nature of the filtering operation is conditioned on a state variable defined as the output of a classifier that operates on the differences between the input pixel and the remaining rank-ordered pixels in a sliding window. As part of this framework, several algorithms are examined, each of which is applicable to fixed and random-valued impulse noise models. First, a simple two-state approach is described in which the algorithm switches between the output of an identity filter and a rank-ordered mean (ROM) filter. The technique achieves an excellent tradeoff between noise suppression and detail preservation with little increase in computational complexity over the simple median filter. For a small additional cost in memory, this simple strategy is easily generalized into a multistate approach using weighted combinations of the identity and ROM filter in which the weighting coefficients can be optimized using image training data. Extensive simulations indicate that these methods perform significantly better in terms of noise suppression and detail preservation than a number of existing nonlinear techniques with as much as 40% impulse noise corruption. Moreover, the method can effectively restore images corrupted with Gaussian noise and mixed Gaussian and impulse noise. Finally, the method is shown to be extremely robust with respect to the training data and the percentage of impulse noise.     

A new phase noise reduction method of oscillator by loaded Q improvement using dual feedback topology

This letter presents a new method to reduce the phase noise in oscillator based on the loaded Q improvement approach. A hairpin resonator is weakly coupled to the two microstrip lines to improve the loaded Q of it and the dual feedback topology is used to enable the start-up oscillation condition to be satisfied. The high loaded Q property of the resonator in the proposed oscillator circuit is analyzed using the CAD simulation. For comparison the phase noise performances of the conventional hairpin resonator oscillator and the oscillator using the dual feedback are measured. Measurements show that the oscillator using the dual feedback exhibits a low phase noise performance of -109.1 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset at 10 GHz, which is reduced by about 10 dB compared to that of the conventional one.