Media Enjoyment as Need Satisfaction: The Contribution of Hedonic and Nonhedonic Needs

Most early research on entertainment defines media enjoyment in functional terms as the satisfaction of hedonic needs. Two studies demonstrate the value of including nonhedonic and hedonic need satisfaction in defining enjoyment. Both studies find support for a need‐satisfaction model showing that hedonic (arousal and affect) and nonhedonic (competence and autonomy) need satisfaction account for unique variance in enjoyment experienced during video game play. Study 2 extends the findings of Study 1 to account for noninteractive media entertainment enjoyment. Results show hedonic and nonhedonic need satisfaction to be distinct but complementary components of media enjoyment. Discussion focuses on the advantage of a needs‐based approach for understanding positive valuations of media and offers a new perspective on the enjoyment–appreciation distinction.     

Characterizing Mood Management as Need Satisfaction: The Effects of Intrinsic Needs on Selective Exposure and Mood Repair

This study attempted to (a) extend traditional mood management theory research by investigating the influence of the intrinsic needs for competence and autonomy on selective exposure to video games and (b) test the influence of satisfying these needs on resultant mood repair. An experiment varied satisfaction of competence and autonomy needs using false feedback. Subjects then selected media that varied in level of user demand. Measures of need satisfaction were taken before and after media selection. Results demonstrated that (a) thwarted intrinsic needs significantly predict the choice of video games with different levels of user demand and (b) the satisfaction of these needs predicts enjoyment. Findings indicate that mood management can result from mood repair through need satisfaction.     

Testing a Dual‐Process Model of Media Enjoyment and Appreciation

This article presents a dual‐process model of media entertainment representing 2 psychological appraisal processes, and examines how these processes evoke appreciation or enjoyment as a function of the presence/absence of cognitive conflict. The first process (which characterizes experiences of appreciation) is deliberative and slow, and results from cognitive conflict. The second process (which characterizes experiences of enjoyment) is automatic and fast, and occurs when cognitive conflict is inconsequential. Both appraisal processes result from the same underlying framework of intuitive preferences. 2 studies vary narrative conflict among sets of intuitive moral domains to test dual‐process predictions regarding slow/fast response times and the association of the presence/absence of conflict with self‐reported experiences of appreciation/enjoyment. Discussion examines theoretical implications for entertainment research.     

指挥信息系统能力需求满足度评估模型

信息系统的能力需求评估是项目立项评审和系统建设论证的重要环节,为了提高指挥信息系统需求评价的准确性和可靠性,提出了基于满足度的需求评估模型。首先分析了能力需求评估方法的研究现状,构建信息系统能力需求测度体系,将测度体系中不确定性的指标映射到不同类型的能力满足度类型,并给出了需求满足度函数,将评估数据统一标准化为满足函数值,其次对能力需求满足度评估的具体步骤进行了细化,最后基于某数字化师指挥信息系统的支撑能力评估进行了实例分析,验证了该评估模型的有效性。     

Media as Educator,Media as Disruptor: Conceptualizing the Role of Social Context in Media Effects

We document how social contexts serve to refract media effects. We theorized the relationship between media use and individual‐level knowledge (and attitude) would be stronger when community‐level knowledge (and attitude) was low than when it was high. Data come from a national survey (N = 12,608 women and 1,237 men) conducted in Nepal. Knowledge and stigma toward people living with HIV were the 2 dependent variables. Hypotheses were tested 12 times: across the use of 3 media (newspaper, radio, television) × 2 study outcomes (knowledge and attitudes) × 2 genders. Predicted interactions were supported in 9 of the 12 tests. Findings point to the need to take into account the role of community factors in theorizing about media effects.     

OLED——提升人类视觉享受

与液晶显示器（LCD）相比,有机发光二极管显示器（organic light emitting display,OLED）具有主动发光、广视角、重量轻、厚度小、高亮度、高发光效率、发光材料丰富、易实现彩色显示、响应速度快、动态画面质量高、使用温度范围广、可实现柔软显示、工艺简单、成本低、抗震能力强等一系列优点,因此被专家称为未来的理想显示器。文章介绍了OLED的产生与发展过程,并着重介绍了OLED与目前占主导地位的LCD和等离子显示器（PDP）相比在显示性能和器件制造方面所具有的领先优势。     

我国城市社区科普的公众需求及满意度研究

社区科普的重要性伴随我国城镇化的快速推进而日趋凸显。通过对当前我国城镇居民的社区科普需求和满意度现状的调查和分析,社区居民在科普内容、科普渠道、科普载体等方面的观点信息得到了较为全面的反映,进一步深入开展社区科普工作的思路和策略逐步明晰,将对社区居民科学素质水平的提高起到积极作用。     

Intrinsic image decomposition as two independent deconvolution problems

In this paper, a novel method to decompose an image into “intrinsic images” is introduced. This decomposition is based on the dichromatic model which separates the influence of specular and diffuse reflections. The separation of these components is very important in several applications of image analysis including segmentation, classification, recoloring, and specularity removal. The proposed method is based on two simple deconvolution steps. The method aims to be generic: it is applicable to any kind of image (i.e. RGB as well as multispectral) and does not rely on a learning step. The method is applied to three datasets including multispectral and RGB images. The algorithm is compared to recent algorithms from the literature and gives similar or better results than the state of the art.     

基于国际传播需求的融媒体业务集成平台设计与建设

本文基于中央广播电视总台欧洲拉美地区语言节目中心的国际传播业务需求,设计了融媒体业务集成平台,平台软件架构采用业务中台+应用系统集前端业务和后台系统松耦合的软件设计模式,构建了基于内容中台、运营中台、数据中台联合支撑的应用系统集,形成了从舆情汇聚、信息采集、融媒体内容生产、多渠道矩阵发布、分布式存储、全球化管理到综...     

The “Myth” of Media Multitasking: Reciprocal Dynamics of Media Multitasking,Personal Needs,and Gratifications

The increasing popularity of media multitasking is frequently reported in national surveys while laboratory research consistently confirms that multitasking impairs task performance. This study explores this apparent contradiction. Using dynamic panel analysis of time series data collected from college students across 4 weeks, this study examines dynamic reciprocal impacts of media multitasking, needs (emotional, cognitive, social, and habitual), and corresponding gratifications. Consistent with the laboratory research, cognitive needs are not satisfied by media multitasking even though they drive media multitasking in the first place. Instead, emotional gratifications are obtained despite not being actively sought. This helps explain why people increasingly multitask at the cost of cognitive needs. Importantly, this study provides evidence of the dynamic persistence of media multitasking behavior.     

Characterization of Cable TV Networks as the Transmission Media for Data

Two-way cable television (CATV) networks have been developed over a period of a dozen years or so with the express purpose of serving as the transmission medium for a variety of duplex data communications services for home and business. Unfortunately, many CATV engineers have only a rudimentary understanding of encoded transmission theory and practice, and almost no experience with the terminology and techniques developed for efficient data transmission. On the other hand, the designers of modems and the developers of protocols tend to have a rather naive view of the transmission characteristics of a CATV network. This paper is presented as a tutorial for telecommunications engineers and designers who need to know more about the technological characteristics of CATV networks.     

关于作为新兴传播媒体的科普网络的一些思考

本文从传播学的角度,对网络作为一种新兴媒体的历史进行了梳理,从而提出其与大众传媒的共性及特性。并根据网络新媒体的共性和特性,分析了网络科普存在的问题及其对策,探索网络科普的发展趋势。     

Giant Magnetoresistance in a Molecular Thin Film as an Intrinsic Property

The magnetic, thin‐film structural, conductivity, and magnetoresistance properties of [Ni(quinoline‐8‐thiolate)₂] ([Ni(qt)₂]) are studied. The conducting and magnetoresistance properties are studied in single crystals and in evaporated thin films through deposition on an interdigitated electrode array. Non‐linear conductivity interpreted through a space‐charge limited conduction mechanism with charges injected from the electrodes is observed. Under applied magnetic field, the material displays giant negative magnetoresistance above 50% at 2 K in both single crystals and in evaporated thin films. The effect can still be observed at 200 K and is interpreted in terms of a double exchange mechanism with the shape of the curve determined by the magnetic anisotropy. The unique observation of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) as an intrinsic effect in an evaporated thin film of paramagnetic molecules opens up new possibilities in organic spintronics.     

电磁场的内禀角动量

电磁场流体模型理论的基本点是把电磁场运动区分为轨道运动与内禀运动两部分。本文试图从内禀运动部分引出内禀角动量的概念。为此,建立了(虚数)算符;导出了电磁场的自旋角动量与内禀角动量的关系。     

三氯氢硅本征电阻率(纯度)的测试方法

三氯氢硅(SiHCl3)作为硅外延片的关键原材料,其纯度直接影响着硅外延层的性能。一般三氯氢硅纯度的测试方法有两种,除采用化学分析方法测试外,通常用生长不掺杂外延层(本征外延层)的方法来确定。即采取测量三氯氢硅生长后的硅外延本征电阻率的方法来衡量其纯度。而影响硅外延本征电阻率的主要因素为系统的自掺杂,增加硅外延的生长时间可以有效抑制系统自掺杂,但无限制的增加生长时间必然导致生产成本的增加。文中通过实验数据,确定了一个合理的硅外延本征生长工艺过程,从而达到了评价三氯氢硅纯度的目的。     

Moral Judgment and Crime Drama: An Integrated Theory of Enjoyment

The article proposes a theoretical framework in which moral reasoning about mediated crime and punishment is defined and combined with existing, affect-driven entertainment theory to yield an integrated theory of enjoyment. The authors analyze how crime dramas serve as statements about justice and then address how moral deliberation about the propriety of those statements impacts enjoyment. The authors report research findings to support the analysis of cognitive processing during crime dramas distinct from affective processing. The article also suggests future means by which the integrated theory of enjoyment can be examined.