Optimization of diesel engine performances for a hybrid wind–diesel system with compressed air energy storage

Electricity supply in remote areas around the world is mostly guaranteed by diesel generators. This relatively inefficient and expensive method is responsible for 1.2 million tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in Canada annually. Some low- and high-penetration wind-diesel hybrid systems (WDS) have been experimented in order to reduce the diesel consumption. We explore the re-engineering of current diesel power plants with the introduction of high-penetration wind systems together with compressed air energy storage (CAES). This is a viable alternative to major the overall percentage of renewable energy and reduce the cost of electricity. In this paper, we present the operative principle of this hybrid system, its economic benefits and advantages and we finally propose a numerical model of each of its components. Moreover, we are demonstrating the energy efficiency of the system, particularly in terms of the increase of the engine performance and the reduction of its fuel consumption illustrated and supported by a village in northern Quebec.     

Review on combined wind power generation and energy storage systems

储能系统由于能够实现电能的时空平移,具有响应速度快,规模化等优点,是改善风电波动性,提高其并网能力的有效手段,构建风储联合发电系统成为目前研究重点.简单介绍了风电并网对电力系统的影响及不同类型电池储能技术的发展现状,给出了部分国内外风储联合发电系统的示范工程,并分析了平滑风电功率波动,跟踪计划出力曲线和削峰填谷3种主要运行方式,重点阐述了目前风储联合发电系统控制策略和储能容量配置研究现状,对进一步开展风储联合发电系统的研究进行了展望,指出经济性仍然是制约储能技术应用的关键问题之一,提高包含储能单元的风储联合发电系统的经济性是今后的研究重点.     

Development of isolated energy systems based on renewable energy sources and hydrogen storage

For the development of the energy infrastructure of remote isolated consumers, an expedient solution is the creation of a modular hybrid energy system based on renewable energy sources, which will save tens of billions of rubles a year by saving expensive diesel fuel. Taking into account the high wind energy resource in these territories, the use of wind power plants as part of that system is justified. The article discusses the methodology for substantiating the parameters and modes of operation of an autonomous wind-diesel power complex based on the territorial-power classification of power supply systems and a 4-level methodology for optimizing parameters, an example of upgrading an existing diesel power plant in the Arkhangelsk region is given. The existing diesel units with a capacity of 1300 kW were replaced by a modular wind-diesel power system with a high renewable penetration level (58%) with four wind turbines with a capacity of 200 kW and a storage system with a capacity of 65 kWh. This made it possible to achieve a diesel fuel replacement share of 232 000 L per year, which in monetary terms in 2021 prices is 25 million rubles per year. As a promising direction, a variant of the territorial development of the energy sector of the Leshukonsky district of the Arkhangelsk region based on wind energy with the possibility of producing up to 100 tons of “green” hydrogen annually is considered. Various options for reducing harmful emissions in the region were considered, the maximum use of local resources allows saving up to 22 000 tons of CO_2e per year.     

Wind-diesel hybrid power system integration in the south Algeria

In most isolated sites situated in south Algeria, the diesel generators are the major source of electrical energy. Indeed, the power supply of these remote regions still poses order problems (technical, economical and ecological). The electricity produced with the help of diesel generators is very expensive and responsible for CO₂ emission. These isolated sites have significant wind energy potential. Hence, the use of twinning wind-diesel is widely recommended, especially to reduce operating deficits. The objective of this paper is to study the global modeling of a hybrid system which compounds wind turbine generator, diesel generator and storage system. This model is based on the control strategy to optimize the functioning of the hybrid system and to consolidate the gains to provide proper management of energy sources (wind, diesel, battery) depending on the load curve of the proposed site. The management is controlled by a controller which ensures the opening/closing of different power switches according to meteorological conditions (wind speed, air mass, temperature, etc).     

Modeling of hydrogen and electrical energy storages in wind/PV energy system on the Lake Baikal coast

The paper presents a research on a green power supply system (producing no carbon dioxide and other harmful emissions) in the area of Baikal Lake, for the maximum loads of 10 kW and 100 kW. The system includes photovoltaic converters, wind turbines, batteries for electric energy storage and a system for hydrogen production, storage and energy use. Calculations based on the optimization mathematical model demonstrated the efficiency of the combined use of wind and solar energy in the considered areas, as well as the simultaneous storage of electric energy and hydrogen. The electric energy storage is most efficient for short-term time intervals whereas an increase in the duration of continuous energy “standstills” up to several days makes the storage of hydrogen more cost-effective.     

Monitor system design of distributed wind turbine-energy storage system

风储互补配合是提高风电质量、增加风电可控性、解决风电并网问题的有效途径。本文对“一机一储”的分布式风储系统进行了分析,探讨了分布式风储系统设计的整体方案,对风储能量管理系统监控后台的数据记录、监控界面和报表生成等进行了功能设计。风储系统实际运行效果表明,该监控后台能够很好地实现监控显示、历史数据记录、运行模式设定、统计分析和报表生成等功能,系统运行可靠,可为风储系统的推广应用提供一定的参考。     

风电与储能联合运行的碳减排效果

在全球能源危机和环境污染的背景下,风电—储能联合运行系统对电力行业的节能减排有重大影响。将风电和储能变量同时引入供给函数均衡模型来模拟风电—储能联合运行系统提供的基荷电量,并在此基础上通过情景分析分别估算了发电企业在风电系统、储能系统及风电—储能联合运行系统3种情景下的污染气体排放量。结果表明,各发电企业在利益最大化目标的驱使下将不断增加储能量,使得联合运行系统比单独的风电或储能系统具有更高的排放量,且排放量的大小受储能容量的影响。     

资源分散型水力蓄能UPS/UBS集成电源

论述了国际通信电源及新型分布式电源设备的发展概况,介绍了美国Kahua农场可再生能源储存及试验设备场中的风力提水蓄能电站和水力蓄能UPS电源,并建立了资源分散型水力蓄能UPS／UBS集成电源的简单化设计概念。其运行经验表明：水力蓄能UPS／UBS电源对提高可再生能源供电系统的通信电源的可靠性具有重要意义。     

Modular Autonomous Electrical Power Supply Systems Examples of Several Stand Alone Systems

A modular system for the supply of remote electrical consumers was developed, which makes possible a variable integration of wind energy and photovoltaic plants in connection with a diesel engine and a battery storage. The wind energy converters, equipped with asynchronous generators, and a fast pitch control, work parallel with a synchronous generator. The generator is driven by a diesel engine by means of an overrunning clutch, or started by a small DC-motor. If the diesel is off, or the starting process by the DC-motor is finished, the synchronous generator works as a rotating phase-shifter and takes over voltage control and supply of reactive power.

The speed versus power control of the wind energy converters does not only make possible an optimized parallel operation with the diesel-generator unit, but also directly takes over frequency control when operated singly without diesel engine. The location of the wind energy plants does not depend on the site of the diesel engine, because control cables are not necessary. To avoid too frequent starting of the diesel, a storage battery is installed. The report describes the electrical and control technical design on principle, as well as the experience with the following, already built plants:

-Coupling of two wind energy plants for the supply of water irrigation pumps.

-Combination of two WECs with a short-time battery storage and a diesel-set.

-Combination of two WECs with a photovoltaic generator and a battery storage.     

基于KL散度的储能电站分布鲁棒规划方法

电化学储能的循环寿命受到充放电次数和放电深度的影响,为了更加准确地在新能源电力系统中规划储能电站,提出基于Kullback-Leibler(KL)散度的储能电站分布鲁棒规划方法.根据电化学储能循环寿命的幂函数,建立基于等效全循环次数的储能电站寿命模型,考虑储能电站寿命模型约束和系统运行约束,以储能电站的全寿命周期成本和...     

风/柴/储能风力发电系统储能装置控制与仿真

采用电压外环和电流内环的控制方法,设计了风/柴/储能发电系统储能装置控制器电路,该控制器适用于连接在系统直流母线上蓄电池等储能装置的控制。在Matlab环境下,对该控制器进行了仿真,结果表明,该控制器能确保储能装置稳定运行,满足风/柴/储能风力发电系统对电压稳定的要求。     

Wind diesel design and the role of short term flywheel energy storage

Wind diesel hybrid systems can often provide a cost effective solution to electricity supply in many rural and grid remote applications. The potential market for such stand alone systems is vast. The sizing and design of these systems to suite a given application is non-trivial. Design principles for wind diesel systems are presented with stress placed on the role of short term energy storage. It is shown that flywheels are the most appropriate form of energy storage. A user-friendly software package to help engineers design wind diesel systems has been developed over the last three years with support from the CEC's JOULE programme. The modelling and software development was undertaken cooperatively by several EEC and EFTA countries. An brief introduction to the software, which models both logistic and dynamic aspects of system operation, is provided and there is a discussion of its validation.     

一种并网型风光互补发电系统的建模与仿真

分析了风光互补发电系统的技术优势,设计了基于固态变压器结构的并网型风光互补发电系统。分别建立了光伏系统,风力发电系统,超级电容和蓄电池的模型,并分析各环节的控制策略,提出了基于平均功率的储能设备容量配置方法。仿真结果表明,该系统能模拟风光互补系统在不同模式下的运行特性,可以有效降低功率波动和维持电压稳定,并能在低光照强度、低风速等情况下为系统提供短时能量支撑。     

储能技术在冷热电三联供系统中的研究现状与应用

冷热电三联供（CCHP）系统是利用一次能源或可再生能源发电,并通过多种余热回收设备高效利用余热,建立在能源的综合梯级利用基础上的产能系统。用户负荷动态变化及可再生能源输出不稳定会导致冷热电联供系统供、需侧能量不匹配,储能技术可有效解决该问题。本文总结了CCHP系统中储能技术类型及其研究现状,阐明了CCHP系统中电能储存和热能储存技术的应用方式。指出在传统能源与可再生能源相结合、供能系统越发复杂化的能源发展态势下,系统特性、配置优化和对不同场景制定出运行策略是储能技术与CCHP集成系统未来的研究方向。     

Cost effectiveness of decentralized energy supply systems taking solar and wind utilization plants into account

In this article, results are presented of annual simulations of a decentralized (regional) plant for the power and heat supply of a residential complex. This complex consists of four houses with 40 flats all in all. The annual power consumption of the complex is 157 MWh and the heat requirement is 325 MWh. The concrete dynamics of the energy demands over the year is taken into consideration. The energy supply system is composed of a power-controlled combined heat and power (CHP) plant (55 kW), a photovoltaic plant (PV array or PV plant) array for power generation as well as a field of solar thermal collectors with a short-term accumulator for water heating and a long-term accumulator for supplying heat for domestic heating purposes. Simulation results demonstrate that synergetic effects result from the combination of a CHP plant with wind power and PV plants of varying sizes, which have an effect on the cost effectiveness of the plant as a whole with the different dynamics of energy sources (wind and solar energies) and of the consumption of power and heat being the decisive factors. The power deficits of wind power and PV plants are compensated through the application of a natural gas-operated CHP plant. In almost all variants, the demand for fossil energy carriers is distinctly less than in conventional energy supply plants.     

A novel embedded energy storage system for diesel engine test platform

机车经过一定时间的运行,各部件都会发生磨耗、变形或损坏,为了使机车稳定可靠地运行或延长其使用期限,必须进行阶段性检修和测试。目前把水阻作为负载的测试手段已被广泛应用于机车柴油机测试,这种静态连续测试消耗的能量占发动机自身寿命周期内产生能量的15%~30%。这不仅造成了极大的能源浪费,也会引起金属极板的严重腐蚀。本工作以对柴油机测试过程产生的电能进行回收的项目为例,介绍了一种新型嵌入式储能系统的整体设计及储能系统中关键设备的功能,并对系统进行了仿真实验,仿真实验结果证明该系统可以稳定可靠地回收柴油机测试过程中产生的能量。     

风电参与投标竞争的多能源市场博弈分析

在能源互联网框架下,利用电、气等多能源互补特性有助于缓解风电等可再生能源随机波动的不利影响。为弥补风电开发商在日前市场的投标偏差,首先给出一个考虑电力与天然气等多种能源的市场交易框架,其中参与日前电力市场竞争的风电开发商分别通过电转气(P2G)设备和燃气机组进行能源转换,处理风电实际出力过剩和不足这2种情况。然后建立风电开发商参与投标竞争的日前电力市场与天然气市场博弈模型,其中风电开发商、传统发电商和天然气生产商均以供应函数投标方式参与多能源市场竞争。最后,通过算例分析验证了理论模型的有效性。     

双碳目标下煤电深度调峰及调频技术研究进展

双碳目标下,电力供给将从以煤电为主导转化为以新能源为主体,加快煤电机组的调峰调频改造是支撑新能源应用快速发展和保障电力系统安全的关键。分析了煤电机组调峰调频技术的现状,指出现阶段提升电力系统灵活性的有效措施是进行煤电灵活性改造,但对于中长期电力系统灵活性需求来说,需要着重发展气电及储能等灵活性电力资源;储热调峰技术、抽水蓄能调峰技术、压缩空气储能调峰技术、液流电池调峰技术、飞轮储能调频技术、电磁储能调频技术和电化学储能调频技术,为后续煤电机组调峰调频技术的研发提供参考。     

Distributed control system for frequency control in a isolated wind system

High wind penetration wind diesel hybrid systems (WDHS) have three modes of operation: diesel only (DO), wind diesel (WD) and wind only (WO). The control requirements for frequency control in WO mode are analysed and a distributed control system (DCS) is proposed for this frequency control, describing the actuation of its sensor and actuator nodes. A power system for WO mode consisting of a wind turbine generator (WTG), a synchronous machine (SM), the consumer load, a battery based energy storage system (ESS) and a discrete dump load (DL) along with the associated DCS have been simulated. By means of a 400 Hz reference power message that establishes the active power necessary for frequency regulation and a prescribed active power sharing between the ESS and DL actuators, graphs for frequency, voltage and active powers for consumer load and wind speed changes are presented. The results of the simulation show maximum settling times and frequency per unit variation of 1.5 s and 0.16% respectively, for the previous input changes. The DCS solution presented could constitute a proposal for the standardization of the control for WO mode in high wind penetration WDHS which rely on a SM to generate the voltage waveform in that mode.     

Study and design of a hybrid wind–diesel-compressed air energy storage system for remote areas

Remote areas around the world predominantly rely on diesel-powered generators for their electricity supply, a relatively expensive and inefficient technology that is responsible for the emission of 1.2 million tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) annually, only in Canada [1]. Wind–diesel hybrid systems (WDS) with various penetration rates have been experimented to reduce diesel consumption of the generators. After having experimented wind–diesel hybrid systems (WDS) that used various penetration rates, we turned our focus to that the re-engineering of existing diesel power plants can be achieved most efficiently, in terms of cost and diesel consumption, through the introduction of high penetration wind systems combined with compressed air energy storage (CAES). This article compares the available technical alternatives to supercharge the diesel that was used in this high penetration wind–diesel system with compressed air storage (WDCAS), in order to identify the one that optimizes its cost and performances. The technical characteristics and performances of the best candidate technology are subsequently assessed at different working regimes in order to evaluate the varying effects on the system. Finally, a specific WDCAS system with diesel engine downsizing is explored. This proposed design, that requires the repowering of existing facilities, leads to heightened diesel power output, increased engine lifetime and efficiency and to the reduction of fuel consumption and GHG emissions, in addition to savings on maintenance and replacement cost.