两亲性肽自组装纳米结构及其应用

自然界中许多生物大分子都可以通过小分子以分子自组装的方式有机地组织起来,分子自组装技术在制备纳米结构生物材料等方面具有独特的优势,尤其是以能自组装成各种纳米结构的两亲性肽分子自组装材料近来备受关注。文章就目前国内外两亲性肽自组装成纳米结构及其多种生物医学方面应用进行了综述,并对影响两亲性肽自组装的因素进行了探讨。     

自组装及其在分析化学等方面的应用

自组装技术主要是通过自发反应过程,从而改变粒子的排列方式,以形成新型有序结构。近些年来自组装技术发展很快,涌现出了各种自组装方法。结合具体实例,介绍了近年来几种比较常见的自组装方法:超分子自组装合成方法、层层自组装、水热自组装、反胶束法、一锅法自组装等方法,这些方法各具特色。随着各种简便高效的自组装方法出现,自组装技术在各类学科领域的应用发展空间也得到了更进一步的开发,举例介绍了自组装在分析化学、电化学及能源等领域的具体应用,并在最后简略概括了自组装技术在发展中遇到的一些挑战。     

自组装技术及其在生物传感器中的应用研究

构造高度有序性和重复性的生物分子薄膜是提高生物传感器检测性能的关键,自组装膜以其原位自发形成、热力学稳定、制作方便简单、对基底材料形状要求低、可人为地通过合成来设计分子结构和进行分子剪裁等特点,应用于构筑电化学酶传感器,引起了广泛的关注。分析了自组装膜形成的原理,介绍了自组装技术在电极表面固定酶的方法,综述了自组装技术在生物传感器中的应用,展望了自组装技术应用的发展趋势。     

层层自组装技术应用研究进展

层层自组装(LBL)作为一种新型技术,能够实现在分子水平上控制膜的组成、结构和厚度,因而在功能薄膜材料领域和核壳结构材料中有着广泛地应用。按自组装作用力(如静电交替吸附作用、氢键作用、共价键作用等)的类型及在光电器件、生物医药、分离膜等方面的应用,综述了层层自组装技术的发展和研究现状,并展望了其研究前景。     

噁二唑缓蚀膜的制备及抗腐蚀性能研究

以二芳基酰肼为原料合成2,5-二苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑(PPD),在碳钢表面制备噁二唑自组装分子膜。采用表面分析技术、电化学测试等方法对PPD分子膜的制备条件及在3.5% NaCl溶液中的缓蚀性能进行了分析,通过量化计算对缓蚀机理进行了进一步的探讨。结果表明,PPD自组装膜的最佳组装条件为4 mmol•L-1组装液中组装12h,缓蚀效率达91.95%,XPS测试结果表明PPD分子在钢表面形成自组装膜,量化计算得到了缓蚀剂分子的活性位点。     

超分子自组装及其在高分子合成领域中的应用

超分子自组装是近年来倍受重视的国际前沿课题,它将会极大促进信息、能源、生命、环境和材料科学等学科领域的发展,介绍了基于氢键、π键、配位键、双亲分子4种自组装体系,重点综述了这4种自组装体系在高分子合成领域中的最新进展,最后对超分子自组装的发展趋势做了展望。     

橡胶自组装的研究进展

橡胶自组装避免了共价键交联造成的再加工难、回收难的缺点,并赋予材料自修复特性,提高稳定性.以橡胶分子自组装的驱动力(氢键和粒子间作用)为主线,介绍了国内外近年来氢键等弱相互作用、以静电吸附作用和配位作用以及多种作用综合效应为驱动力自组装橡胶研究状况,并对自组装橡胶发展前景做了展望.     

聚电解质自组装膜及其固定化酶研究

聚电解质层层自组装是利用分子间的静电、氢键、共价键等相互作用将高分子组装成膜的技术,具有膜组分及厚度可控、操作简便、不需要特殊复杂设备等优点,在医学、生物技术、器件制备、表面改性等诸多领域有着广泛应用。简述了层层自组装成膜驱动力、增长模式、影响因素以及自组装膜制备材料、方法等方面进展;总结了聚电解质自组装膜作为载体固定化酶及其用于生物催化转化的研究与应用进展。     

自组装合成超分子液晶聚合物研究进展

从电荷转移作用、离子相互作用、氢键作用组装、金属配位组装、光化学组装5个方面综述了通过分子自组装合成超分子液晶聚合物的近年来的最新研究成果,并介绍了超分子液晶聚合物的应用及发展前景。     

超分子配合物的设计与合成方法分析

超分子配合物融合了超分子与配合物之间的共同之处,融入了有机合成方法以及富有创造力和想象力的设计手段,为超分子合成技术的发展提供了广阔的、可以展开想象发挥的平台,并创新出很多优秀的、具有实践操作性的配位自组装策略。本文首先对超分子化学与配位化学的关系做出了阐述,对超分子配合物的基本合成方法进行了分析与讲解,最后对配位超分子自组装技术的概念和合成方法进行了探讨。     

塑料母粒加工新技术研究进展

介绍国内外近几年来发展起来的一些用于塑料母粒加工的新技术及方法,包括对载体树脂的选择和处理方法、聚合物包裹技术、液相共混法、熔融相共混法、分子自组装技术及一些其它方法,并指出高分散性、高含量、低成本母粒是塑料母粒的发展方向。     

热塑性聚氨酯透气膜的生产、特点和应用

介绍了热塑性聚氨酯透气膜的生产原料和工艺流程。对两种透湿技术微孔透湿和分子透湿进行了比较 ,并介绍了热塑性聚氨酯透气膜的生产和应用     

Mesostructured self-assembled silica films with reversible thermo-photochromic properties

A spiropyran molecule has been introduced via one-pot synthesis into mesostructured silica films, which have been obtained through a micelle templating self-assembling process. The mesostructure has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering performed with synchrotron light. The final material exhibited a p6mm 2d-hexagonal organization and the mesostructure has not been affected by the introduction of spiropyrans in the precursor solution. A comparative characterization of the optical properties of the spiropyrans dissolved in different solvents and after incorporation in the mesostructured films has been done by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and ellipsometric spectroscopy. The spiropyran-doped films appeared transparent before external stimuli had applied, a colour change to yellow (thermally induced) or to red (light induced) has been observed. Both the colour changes have been observed to be reversible under room temperature or visible light exposure; the colour transitions have been attributed to different equilibria among the various forms of merocyanine of spiropyrans.     

溶胶-凝胶技术在催化剂制备中的应用

介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备催化剂的3种主要方法:(1)将有机分子直接物理包容到陶瓷材料中;(2)通过与有机金属烷氧化物的共聚对陶瓷基体进行改性;(3)通过共聚形成2种或2种以上物质的基体复合物。并对3种方法进行了综述。     

Toward the ideal organic light-emitting diode. The versatility and utility of interfacial tailoring by cross-linked siloxane interlayers

Small molecule and polymer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) show promise of revolutionizing display technologies. Hence, these devices and the materials that render them functional are the focus of intense scientific and technological interest. The archetypical multilayer OLED heterostructure introduces numerous chemical and physical challenges to the development of efficient and robust devices. It is demonstrated here that robust, pinhole-free, conformal, adherent films with covalently interlinked structures are readily formed via self-assembling or spin-coating organosilane-functionalized molecular precursors at the anode-hole transport layer interface. In this manner, molecularly "engineered" hole transport and hydrocarbon anode functionalization layers can be introduced with thicknesses tunable from the angstrom to nanometer scale. These investigations unequivocally show that charge injection and continuity at the anode-hole transport layer interface, hence OLED durability and efficiency, can be substantially enhanced by these tailored layers.     

超临界流体技术研究进展

对超临界流体技术的最新研究进展进行了评述。介绍了超临界流体技术在萃取和提纯、溶剂替代、材料加工、微粒制备以及分析应用等方面的最新发展。提出了围绕超临界CO2 分子溶解机理而展开的新的研究领域和发展动向。     

聚氨酯材料阻燃技术研究进展

随着聚氨酯材料的广泛应用,其阻燃技术也越来越受到关注。文章介绍了关于阻燃剂的阻燃机理,包括稀释、覆盖、冷却、化学反应和增强效应等五类。同时,阐述了3种聚氨酯阻燃技术（添加型阻燃、反应型阻燃、提高本子本身的阻燃性）的优缺点以及聚氨酯材料阻燃今后的发展方向,高效低毒无尘或少尘的阻燃技术是聚氨酯行业的必然选择。     

Influence of Hydrogen Bonding on Low Critical Micellar Concentration Value and Formation of Giant Vesicle of Triazole-Contained Amphiphile

An amphiphile molecule consisting of triazole moiety has been thoroughly investigated using different approaches in its aqueous condition. The studies have discovered the explicit function of its heteroaromatic ability in molecular self-assembling. From the fluorescence evidence, the triazole-based amphiphile has shown that the aggregation-induced emission behavior is mainly due to the triazolyl. It suggests that the triazole is directly involved in the self-assembling mechanism through an intermolecular interaction. This interaction can be verified by the shifting of proton frequency of the triazole, which is clearly shown by the constant frequency of the proton above the critical micellar concentration (CMC) value. The frequency suggests the establishing hydrogen bond that occurred between the hydrogen and the second nitrogen of the adjacent triazole. These results are consistent with the micellization of the molecule which was determined at a very low CMC value (0.1 mM). The absorbance and optical polarizing microscopy results also support the evidence of the growth of giant vesicles produced from the neutralization of the amphiphile. The formation of stable giant vesicles at neutral pH demonstrates the immediate strong hydrogen bonding connections within the triazoles layer in the bilayer. The discovery reveals that internal hydrogen bonds formed from a heteroaromatic with the appropriate molecular arrangement can promote self-aggregation and enhance overall stability.     

手性Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展

回顾了近年来手性Gemini表面活性剂的合成和应用研究进展,按照天然手性源种类对其进行归纳和总结,阐述了酒石酸基、氨基酸基、糖基和松香基等手性Gemini表面活性剂合成方法的研究现状,并介绍了手性Gemini表面活性剂具有高表面活性、生物相容性、可生物降解性和立体选择性等特点。最后,指出了手性碳原子的立体构型对于手性Gemini表面活性剂自组装行为的影响还有待于进一步研究,展望了其在制备手性介孔材料、药物载体和胶束催化等领域的发展趋势。