木素—聚醚型聚氨酯的合成与性能

利用低污染的氧碱制方法制取的麦草氧碱木素合成了木素－聚醚型聚氨酯，对其热性能、力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，麦草氧碱木素可取代部分聚乙二醇与二苯甲基二异氰酸合成木素－聚醚型聚氨酯；异氰酸指数和木素含量对合成的木素－聚醚型聚氨酯性能有影响。     

氨基聚醚改性硅油的合成与性能研究

以N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷和环氧基聚醚(醇封端)为原料,合成了氨基聚醚;以氨基聚醚和八甲基环四硅氧烷为原料合成了氨基聚醚改性硅油,对产物进行了红外图谱分析并对氨基聚醚改性硅油进行性能测试。实验结果表明,氨基聚醚改性硅油在碱性条件下不稳定,在酸性条件下较稳定;氨基聚醚改性硅油吸水性较好,氨基聚醚改性硅油10吸水性好于氨基聚醚改性硅油04。     

改性阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂制备

利用三聚氰胺对聚醚多元醇进行接枝改性,成功制备了改性聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂,以解决目前聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂阻燃性能不稳定问题。探索了改性三聚氰胺加入量和异氰酸根与羟基比例对聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,聚醚多元醇中改性三聚氰胺加入量为4%,异氰酸根与羟基摩尔比例为4.3,得到的改性聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂氧指数为29.8,拉伸粘结强度为285k Pa,阻燃性能高于现有阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂。     

麦草氧碱木素合成聚氨酯及其性能的研究

利用麦草氧碱木素取代部分聚乙二醇合成了木素 聚醚型聚氨酯 ,对其热性能、机械性能进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,麦草氧碱木素可取代部分聚乙二醇与二苯甲基二异氰酸酯合成木素 聚醚型聚氨酯 ,异氰酸基指数和木素含量对合成的木素 聚醚型聚氨酯性能有着重要影响     

聚氨酯慢回弹块状泡沫的研制

以慢回弹泡沫用聚醚LW-1080和普通软泡聚醚ZS-2802为主原料,制备了聚氨酯慢回弹块状泡沫,讨论了催化剂、硅油、发泡剂、开孔剂及TDI指数对发泡工艺及泡孔结构的影响,并与国内外同类慢回弹聚醚进行了比较.结果表明,复合催化剂胺与锡用量在0.35∶0.06～0.45∶0.10份之间、硅油B-8002的用量在1.0～1.8份之间、发泡剂水的用量在1.5～2.5份之间、开孔剂SK-1900用量在1.5～2.5份之间、TDI指数为80～95时,慢回弹聚氨酯泡沫具有较好的发泡工艺及泡孔结构;LW-1080慢回弹聚醚与国内外同类产品性能相当.     

异氰酸指数对聚氨酯酰亚胺泡沫结构与性能的影响

采用一步法制备了结合聚氨酯泡沫和聚酰亚胺泡沫优点于一体的聚氨酯酰亚胺(PUI)泡沫,研究了异氰酸指数对聚氨酯酰亚胺泡沫微观形貌、力学性能、热稳定性及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,当异氰酸指数为1. 25时,聚氨酯酰亚胺泡沫的泡孔形态更为规整均匀,并且压缩强度、热稳定性以及阻燃性能均达到最佳。通过调节异氰酸指数得到的性能优异的PUI泡沫将在建筑保温领域有着良好的应用前景。     

封端型聚醚改性聚硅氧烷非离子表面活性剂的合成

以低含氢硅油、α-烯丙基聚醚等为原料,经烷基封端、硅氢加成等反应制备了封端型聚醚改性聚硅氧烷非离子表面活性剂,讨论了温度、催化剂以及聚醚结构等对封端率的影响。结果表明,采用以氢氧化钠和碳酸钠制备的缓释性复合碱为催化剂的一步法封端工艺,在反应温度25~65℃条件下,α-烯丙基聚醚的烷基封端率可达85%以上。封端型聚醚改性有机硅表面活性剂可用于单组分聚氨酯密封胶、高回弹和软质聚氨酯泡沫的泡沫稳定剂。     

聚硅氧烷改性聚氨酯密封胶预聚体的制备

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG)合成了端异氰酸酯基聚醚型聚氨酯密封胶预聚体,然后与端羟基硅油反应制备了单组分的聚硅氧烷-聚醚嵌段聚氨酯密封胶预聚体。考察了羟基硅油的加入量对改性聚氨酯胶外观、拉伸性能、低温性能和热稳定性等的影响。当低聚物二醇中羟基硅油的质量分数为15%时,改性聚氨酯胶的综合性能较好。此时,相分离的程度较小,且保留有较好的力学性能;玻璃化转变温度从-58.6℃降低到-79.8℃,低温性能得到改善;初始分解温度高于聚醚型聚氨酯胶。     

苯酐聚酯多元醇聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃性研究

以国产苯酐聚酯多元醇为主要原料制备了组合聚醚,再与多异氰酸酯反应,制备了阻燃型聚氨酯硬质泡沫。讨论了苯酐聚酯多元醇、硅油及发泡剂等因素对泡沫阻燃性的影响。结果表明,该组合聚醚与多异氰酸酯反应,制得的阻燃型聚氨酯硬质泡沫,其氧指数在28以上,压缩强度为300kPa,达到了国家标准GB／T8624-1997中B2级氧指数的要求。     

高固体分硅氧烷改性聚氨酯弹性体的研制

采用异氰酸酯TDI和二元、三元聚醚多元醇合成高固体分的端异氰酸根的聚氨酯预聚物,选用不同结构的硅烷偶联剂和异氰酸根反应,制备部分或完全硅烷封端的湿固化聚氨酯弹性体。试验考察了不同的硅氧烷偶联剂以及用量对改性后聚氨酯弹性体合成及其性能的影响。     

PAPI官能度和异氰酸酯指数对HFC-365mfc/H_2O混合发泡体系RPUF性能的影响

采用HFC-365mfc和H2O作为混合发泡剂制备了聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,探讨了多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)的官能度和异氰酸酯指数(R)对泡沫材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、力学性能和泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,使用相同份数的发泡剂,在PAPI的官能度介于2.6～3.1范围内,官能度越高,所得泡沫密度越大、Tg越高,力学性能越好;当R介于1.05～1.50时,随R的增大,所得泡沫密度增加,Tg和力学性能均有提高,但当R过大时,泡孔的尺寸分布变宽,均一性变差。研究还发现,所得泡沫Tg和力学性能随熟化时间延长亦有所提高。     

新型聚异氰脲酸硬质泡沫材料的制备及性能研究

聚异氰脲酸硬质泡沫材料是由PM-200（异氰酸酯和二苯甲烷二异氰酸盐的混合物）、异氰脲酸苯酐聚醚酯多元醇（IPPEP）或聚环氧丙烷多元醇在异氰酸酯指数为200的情况下制备的。考察了IPPEP对泡沫材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能的影响,并讨论了n（PO）∶n（PA）对IPPEP基泡沫材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：IPPEP的使用使聚氨酯泡沫材料的玻璃化转变温度提高了45℃,热分解温度由510℃提高到540℃,氧指数提高到23.3%。随着n（PO）∶n（PA）的降低,泡沫材料的拉伸强度和压缩强度呈现先增加后降低的趋势。     

低压变(LCS)特种聚氨酯微孔弹性体研制

分别以不同异氰酸酯、端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(HTPDMS)、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMG2000)和扩链剂等为原料,采用半预聚法工艺制备了有机硅链段改性的低压缩永久变形(LCS)聚氨酯微孔弹性体(MPU)。探讨了预聚物类型、扩链剂类型、HTPDMS添加量、R值、硬段含量等因素对MPU力学性能特别是30%压缩永久变形(70℃、22 h)的影响。结果表明,采用液化MDI为异氰酸酯组分、自制902为扩链剂、R值为1.05、硬段质量分数为22%、软段中HTPDMS质量分数为15%时,压缩永久变形为1.8%,满足LCS要求。     

Physical properties of water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams containing epoxidized soybean oil in different isocyanate indices

To explore the potential of isocyanate usage reduction, water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams were made by replacing 0, 20, and 50% of Voranoll® 490 in the B‐side of the foam formulation by epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) with an isocyanate index ranging from 50 to 110. The compressive strength, density, and thermal conductivity of foams were measured. The foam surface temperature was monitored before and throughout the foaming reaction as an indirect indication of the foaming temperature. Increasing ESBO replacement and/or decreasing isocyanate index decreased the foam's compressive strength. The density of the foam decreased while decreasing the isocyanate index to 60. Further decrease in isocyanate index resulted in foam shrinkage causing a sharp increase in the foam density. The thermal conductivity of foams increased while decreasing the isocyanate index and increasing the ESBO replacement. Mathematical models for predicting rigid polyurethane foam density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity were established and validated. Similar to compressive strength, the foaming temperature decreased while decreasing the isocyanate index and increasing the ESBO replacement. Because of the lower reactivity of ESBO with isocyanate, the rate of foaming temperature decrease with decreasing isocyanate index was in the order of 0% > 20% > 50% ESBO replacement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

改性条件对阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响

选择阻燃剂三聚氰胺和甲基磷酸二甲酯（DMMP）对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行阻燃改性,研究了异氰酸酯指数、水、三聚氰胺以及DMMP添加量对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃性能和拉伸强度的影响主次顺序。结果表明,添加三聚氰胺和DMMP可以提高硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能,当三聚氰胺的添加量为25份、DMMP的添加量为25份、异氰酸酯指数为1.15、水添加量为1.5份时,硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的综合性能最佳。     

Rigid Polyurethane Foam Production from Palm Oil-Based Epoxidized Diethanolamides

A new type of rigid polyurethane foam was produced by incorporating oxazolidone heterocyclic rings on to polyurethane backbones. Epoxidized diethanolamides were synthesized by reacting palm oil blends of epoxidized palm olein and refined bleached deodorized palm kernel olein with diethanolamine to produce rigid polyurethane foams. Epoxides, retained in the diethanolamides, reacted with isocyanate during foam production in the presence of AlCl₃–THF complex catalyst to form oxazolidone linkages in the polyurethane network. The carbonyl stretch of oxazolidone was identified at 1,750 cm⁻¹ through Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis. Chemical modifications of the polyurethane network also improved the thermal and mechanical properties of the foams. In addition, isocyanate index 1.4 was determined to be the most suitable in the production of foams from this newly synthesized epoxidized diethanolamides.     

水稻秸秆基聚氨酯泡沫制备工艺改进及性能表征

以水稻秸秆液化产物为原料,以N,N,N,N,N-五甲基二乙烯三胺（P5）和N,N-二甲基环己胺（P8）为复合催化剂,制备了全水发泡聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）材料。通过调节水用量、催化剂比例、异氰酸酯指数及泡沫稳定剂用量,对不同条件下制备的泡沫性能进行测试,确定较优的制备工艺。利用万能试验机、热重分析仪（TGA）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对PUF的力学性能、热稳定性、结构和表观形貌进行了测试和表征。结果表明：当发泡剂水的用量为2%,催化剂P5/P8用量2%、催化剂P5/P8质量比值为1.5,异氰酸酯指数为1.2,硅油B8462用量为4%时,制得的聚氨酯泡沫性能最佳,密度为40 kg/m³、拉伸强度为309 kPa、压缩强度为154 kPa,其力学性能优于以有机锡和叔胺类化合物为催化剂制备的水稻秸秆PUF,且具有较好的热稳定性。     

硅藻土填充聚氨酯硬泡的性能研究

用硅藻土粉体作为填料,采用全水发泡剂自由发泡制备了聚氨酯硬泡。通过热重分析（TGA）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、氧指数仪和万能实验机,研究了硅藻土对聚氨酯硬泡热稳定性、泡孔结构、极限氧指数（LOI）和力学性能的影响。结果表明,硅藻土使聚氨酯硬泡的孔径和密度增大,能提高聚氨酯硬泡的热稳定性、LOI、强度和模量。     

Preparation of semirigid polyurethane foam with liquefied bamboo residues

Bamboo residues were liquefied by using a solvent mixture consisting of polyethylene glycol 400 and crude glycerol (4/1, w/w) with 98% sulfuric acid as catalyst at 160°C for 120 min. The liquefied bamboo had hydroxyl values from 178 to 200 mg KOH/g and viscosities from 507 to 2201 mPa S. The obtained bamboo‐based polyols were reacted with various amounts of polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate (PAPI), using distilled water as blowing agent, silicone as surfactant, and triethylenediamine and dibutyltine dilaurate as cocatalyst to produce semirigid polyurethane (PU) foams. The [NCO]/[OH] ratio was found to be an important factor to control the mechanical properties of PU foams. At a fixed [NCO]/[OH] ratio, both density and compressive strength of PU foams decreased with the increase of bamboo content. The microstructure of PU foams indicates that [NCO]/[OH] ratios are important for cell formation and chemical reactions. The uniformity and cell structure of the foams are comparable to their corresponding compressive strengths. Moreover, the thermogravimetry analysis showed that all the semirigid PU foams had approximately the same degradation temperature of about 250 to 440°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

溴碳聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的研制

采用二乙醇胺、自制四溴双酚A环氧树脂(E-21)为原料合成了阻燃聚醚多元醇组分;采用2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为原料,在二月桂酸二丁基锡的作用下,通过逐步聚合反应得到异氰酸酯组分;将两组分按一定比例进行发泡得到阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。利用热重分析仪、水平燃烧测定仪等手段进行了表征,研究了异氰酸酯指数、发泡剂以及阻燃剂对聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料性能的影响。结果表明,与不添加阻燃剂的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料相比,阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的吸热峰温度从294.8℃提高到303.8℃。