一种双氧水催化剂在商业洗涤中的应用研究

采用了DW-520作为双氧水漂白污布时的催化剂,探讨了DW-520的浓度、温度、NaOH浓度、双氧水浓度和时间对漂白能力的影响,最后比较了DW-520和TAED催化双氧水对几种常见色素污渍的漂白情况。实验表明:在一定条件下,DW-520可以代替TAED催化双氧水,实现商业洗涤的低温漂白需求。     

开发节能型漂白活化剂

针对节能减排,印染行业必需在工艺改革、助剂和染料选用方面达到此一目标.用漂白活化荆进行纺织品漂白是对传统双氧水漂白的一个重大革新,能降低热漂温度或缩短冷轧堆练漂的堆置时间,并提高产品质量.本文对国内外正在开发和已开发的漂白活化刺TAED、NBOS、TBCC、THCTS和BAN的合成过程,活化原理及相互之间的性能对比,以及存在问题进行了详细分析.     

四乙酰乙二胺辅助珍珠漂白的研究

为了加快珍珠的漂白过程,探索了采用四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)作为漂白的活化剂.研究结果表明,TAED对珍珠的漂白具有催化漂白效果,可能是TAED与HOO(-)反应生成乙酸根负离子和二乙酰乙二胺(DAED),反应生成的过乙酸具有比H2O2更强的漂白能力所致,TAED浓度对珍珠表面质量有显著影响.     

节能型氧漂活化剂的开发应用

节能减排是当前基本国策,印染行业必需在工艺改革,染化料选用方面达到此一目标。用氧污活化剂进行纺织品漂白是对传统双氧水漂白的一个重大革新,能降低热漂温度或缩短二今轧堆练漂的堆置时间,并提高产品质量。本文对国内外正在开发和已开发的氧漂活化剂TAED,NBOS,TBCC,THCTS和BAN的合成过程,活化原理及相互性能比较并与传统氧漂工艺比较,以及存在问题分析。     

四乙酰乙二胺对过硼酸钠活化作用的研究

研究了四乙酰乙二胺（TAED）对过硼酸钠（SPB）在低温下释氧和漂白的活化作用及影响因素，对特种污布进行了漂白试验。结果表明：由于TAED的存在，SPB可在40℃-60℃内很好地发挥漂白活性。     

过硫酸钾漂白棉织物的研究

本文对过硫酸钾漂白棉织物的工艺做了一系列研究,研究结果表明过硫酸钾漂白纯棉织物的最佳工艺为:过硫酸钾用量6g/L、活化剂焦磷酸钠3g/L、pH值为7～8,温度60℃、时间60分钟.过硫酸钾漂白棉织物基本达到双氧水漂白棉织物的效果,过硫酸钾漂白剂具有低温漂白和环保两大特点.     

漂白体系在织物洗涤剂中的消毒杀菌作用

现在,各国的洗衣温度越来越普遍地低于60℃。这对洗衣过程中如何改善消毒杀菌性能提出了更高的技术要求。细菌和真菌可以在低于60℃的洗涤温度下存活,并可能导致在洗衣机槽内成衣物织物上形成臭味,甚至导致人类受到细菌感染。本文通过对漂白活化剂TAED（四乙酰乙二胺）和HDOBA（4-癸讯耀苯甲酸）或者二者复配在洗农粉中与过碳酸钠（SPC）一起使用的效果进行研究,来了解其对细菌、酵母菌和真菌的杀菌作用。结论是：在实验室悬浮液测试应用中,憎水漂白活化剂DOBA在所有选定的微生物中的表现都要超过TAED,尤其是对白色念珠菌和红色毛癣菌的作用更为明显。在洗衣粉中如使用DOBA与TAED二者的复配物,同时与过碳酸钠（SPC）一起使用,则表现出更强的增效作用,因此对致病微生物显示出了强大的攻击力。     

在次氯酸钠植物纤维漂白中应用微波辐射的研究

次氯酸钠漂白麦草浆中使用微波辐射进行加热，对漂白效果和环境保护都具有一定意义，影响微波加热漂白的因素有三：加热时间、微波功率和次氯酸钠用量。其中时间影响最大，微波加热2min相当于水浴加热40min，次氯酸钠用量影响较小，因此在漂白效果基本不变时，可以减少次氯酸钠用量，从而减少对环境的污染。     

漂白活化剂四乙酰乙二胺的合成

四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)是一种含氧漂白活化剂,广泛应用于日用化工行业。本课题开发出了两步法合成TAED的工艺路线。第一步以乙二胺、乙酸合成二乙酰乙二胺(DAED);第二步以上述合成液与乙酸酐进一步合成TAED。通过催化剂、原料配比、反应时间、反应精馏等多种因素对TAED合成过程的影响作了考察,从而获得了较佳的工艺条件。     

腐植酸作柞蚕丝漂白稳定剂的效果观察

柞蚕丝用双氧水漂白时，漂液中必须加入一定量的稳定剂，以控制双氧水分解率，使其均匀有效地分解，使织物避免遭受剧烈损伤。选用腐植酸作双氧水漂白稳定剂漂白柞蚕丝，结果发现，丝质柔软光滑，无锅垢产生，具有经济适用价值。     

Cold pad–batch bleaching of cotton fabrics with a TAED/H2O2 activating system

The cold pad–batch bleaching of cotton fabrics using a tetra acetyl ethylene diamine/hydrogen peroxide (TAED/H₂O₂) activating system is investigated in this study. The effects of key bleaching parameters (hydrogen peroxide dosage, sodium hydroxide dosage, TAED/H₂O₂ mol ratio and batch time) on the bleaching efficiency were investigated by single‐factor analysis and orthogonal experiment analysis. The performance of the activator TAED in the cold pad–batch process was examined and the activating mechanism is discussed. The optimised bleaching recipe and processing conditions are reported, and the optimal activated bleaching process is also compared with a conventional cold pad–batch bleaching process. The results show that the optimised TAED/H₂O₂ activated bleaching system could achieve high quality cotton bleaching with comparable fabric whiteness to the conventional system at much shorter batch times, and with significantly reduced fabric strength loss and decreased alkali consumption, which would be beneficial to sustained development of the textile wet‐processing industry.     

Novel bleach activator compounds derived from the reaction of isocyanic acid with selected nucleophiles

Laundry detergents commonly contain bleach activators that react with the perhydroxy anion produced from perborate or percarbonate anions to form activated peroxy compounds; these enhance bleaching and stain removal capacity especially at lower temperatures, hydrogen peroxide being an inefficient bleach below 60°C. The most commonly used activators are N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulphonate (SNOBS) the former being used across Europe whereas the latter is used widely in the United States and Japan. This research studies the preparation of novel activator compounds which are carbamylated derivatives of selected nucleophiles using either solid or aqueous reactions of nucleophilic carboxylate anions with the highly reactive isocyanic acid entity derived from the acidification of sodium cyanate. The novel activator compounds were then assessed as bleach activators by testing against tea and bilberry-stained cotton reference fabrics at 40°C in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at pH values ranging from 4 to 10; bleaching efficiency was assessed visually and colorimetrically. Results showed that all of the synthesised compounds were more effective bleach activators across the pH range tested than the standard TAED system.     

Bleach activation of thermomechanical pulp

Under mild alkaline condition the bleaching activator tetraacetyl ethylenediamine (TAED) forms peroxyacetic acid with sodium perborate and improves the brightness of thermomechanical pulp. The activator makes it possible to bleach the pulp efficiently even without addition of sodium hydroxide at any temperature in the range 40 to 70°C. A mathematical model has been proposed to allow estimation of the total peroxy acid consumption during activated bleaching process. Using this model it is possible to calculate the extent of peroxy acid decomposition by predetermining the rate constant and activation energy. The effect of bleach activation was found to be maximum at temperatures below 60°C. The influences of bleaching time, pH, consistency, temperature and TAED charge on the bleach activation has been evaluated. The activator is effective enough to improve the brightness of sodium perborate bleached pulp at an average charge of about 50 mass% of sodium perborate. Apparently, high consistency dispersive bleaching without free alkali is a technological and economic advantage of the process.     

过碳酸钠洗涤性能和稳定性能影响因素的研究

过碳酸钠 (PC)是一种碳酸钠与过氧化氢的络合物 ,其特点是对环境无污染。作者以洗涤剂中含有过碳酸钠为前提 ,从洗涤剂最常见的原料对PC的活性与稳定性能的影响方面进行了研究 ,通过实验证明Na2 CO3 、Na2 SO4 、十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (LAS)、三聚磷酸钠 (STPP)、MgSO4 、Na2 SiO3 、四乙酰乙二胺 (TAED)对PC的活性和稳定性都有影响。发现Na2 CO3 对过碳酸钠漂白的促进作用在过碳酸钠质量浓度低的时候尤其明显 ;随着Na2 SO4 、LAS用量的增加 ,白度值上升 ,在达到一定值后白度下降 ;而STPP恰恰相反 ,质量浓度增大 ,白度增大 ,当STPP质量浓度达到一定值时 ,作用反而更显著 ;MgSO4 很敏感 ,在窄区间有一峰值 ;Na2 SiO3 的用量在 2 5 %以内时 ,白度升高的趋势很强 ;TAED对PC起活化作用且和温度有关。最后设计出一个配方与标准粉比较去污比值是 2 2 1。     

Synthesis of novel bleaching catalyst containing macrocyclic manganese complexes and potential applications in laundry detergent

A bleaching catalyst based on manganese complexes, consisting of meso-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and racemic-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane ligands, was synthesized and applied at 25°C to cotton fabrics stained with tea, coffee, curry, and sugar beet to examine the bleaching properties. The bleaching performance of this novel catalyst was higher than that of the conventional activator, tetraacetyl ethylenediamine (TAED). Dye and fabric damage were also examined for six differently dyed test fabrics under stressed conditions over 30 wash cycles. The dye damage induced by the catalyst was significantly less than that induced by TAED in direct black 22, reactive blue 225, reactive red 158, and sulfur blue 19. Tensile strength loss measurement, which represents fabric damage, showed less damage for the catalyst in direct black 22, direct blue 71, reactive red 158, and sulfur blue 19. The results indicate that this new bleaching catalyst could potentially be employed for low-temperature bleaching.     

Bleaching Activators as Acylating Agents kinetics of the acetylation of piperidine by some bleaching activators

The bleaching activators 1,5-diacetyl 2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), tetraacetyl ethylenediamine (TAED), tetraacetyl glycolurile (TAGU), N,N′-diacetyl N,N′-dimethyl urea (DDU) and pentaacetyl glucose (PAG) are efficient acetylating agents which convert primary and secondary amines into their N-acetyl derivatives. The rates of the reactions of the bleaching activators mentioned with piperidine were determined in the temperature range 20 to 90°C using dioxane as the solvent. The kinetic constants can be regarded as rough measures of the activity of the bleaching activators.     

Vat dye sensitised fibre damage and dye fading by catalytic and activated peroxide bleaching

At equal levels of performance, activated (TAED) and catalytic (Mn-TMTACN) laundry bleaching can differ considerably in terms of the concomitant damage to fibres and dyes. To quantify this damage, differently dyed cotton fabrics, and a representative set of eight vat dyes and CI Reactive Brown 7 were used. It is shown that dye fading and fibre degradation are dye-specific and are both highly coupled phenomena. The interpretation of the damage data is based on dye chemistry, reflectance spectroscopy (UV/VIS and NIR) and EPR measurements. Whereas compelling evidence for a genuine catalytic cycle with the quoted manganese complex is lacking, a possible catalytic role of the dyes is proposed. The dramatic green shift resulting from the catalytic bleaching of Cl Vat Blue 4 is explained in detail. The corresponding oxidation is reversible and possibly useful as a fibre damage indicator.     

Comparison of four oxidants activated through tetraacetylethylenediamine for developing sustainable and rapid degradation of organic dye

Four common oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium percarbonate (SPC), sodium perborate (SPB) and sodium persulphate (SPS), were activated with tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) to degrade an azo dye, CI Reactive Red 195, in water, for building a novel and rapid oxidative system comprising the merits of cost‐effectiveness and high sustainability. Elevated temperature and high pH level enhanced the activation effect of TAED for accelerating dye degradation. Peracetic acids were confirmed to be the main oxidative species for dye degradation in four TAED/oxidant systems. Hydroxyl radicals and sulphate radicals were also involved in dye degradation in the TAED/SPS system, which showed a stronger oxidative capacity than the other three systems over a wide pH range. More importantly, the addition of inorganic salts or surfactants also favoured the dye degradation in TAED/oxidant systems. Although a slow mineralisation process of the dye was found when the TAED/SPC or SPS system was used, low‐toxic intermediates were detected after the degradation.