压电陶瓷在光纤光栅传感解调中的应用

光纤光栅(FBG)传感以其强大的优越性受到了社会的广泛关注,波长编码信号解调是实现光纤光栅多参量、多点分布式传感网络的关键技术.针对几种典型的光纤光栅解调方法做了简单介绍,重点分析了压电陶瓷在干涉解调系统中的调相测量作用.通过改变干涉系统的臂长差来产生一个动态的干涉信号,使干涉信号在时域上获得延伸,将包含被测传感信息的波长信号转变成相位信号;并用非平衡Mach-Zehnder干涉解调系统检测了应变信号,取得了较好的实验效果.实验测得系统的相位检测灵敏度为0.82 (° )/με,可用于静态应变和动态应变的检测.     

基于光纤激光器的全光光纤光栅传感理论分析

为了提高光纤光栅传感系统的可兼容性和抗干扰能力,提出了在环形腔光纤激光器中,采用基于光纤布拉格光栅的法布里-珀罗谐振腔(F-P)对传感元进行波长寻址的理论模型,并利用悬臂梁技术对解调光纤光栅进行波长调谐.利用全光传感系统,具有分辨率高、插入损耗小、兼容性好等优点;锁定某一传感光栅的信号后,利用反馈系统对感测信号进行自动跟踪解调.利用一个传感光栅和一个解调光栅进行实验验证,得到了位于传感光栅中心波长1554.32 nm的激光输出,证实了系统的波长可解调能力.     

基于Lab VIEW的FBG传感解调技术的研究

结合虚拟仪器技术和光纤光栅传感技术,自行设计了一套光纤光栅传感解调系统.系统采用了基于迈克尔逊干涉技术的解调方法,将包含被测应变信息的光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)波长信号转变成相位信号,通过以Lab VIEW为核心的虚拟仪器系统检测相位的变化,从而得到被测应变的大小.该干涉解调系统避开了传统解调系统受电磁干扰和环境等方面的影响,因此使测量精度提高.虚拟仪器系统可用于静态应变和动态应变的检测,具有高分辨力、大测量范围的特点.     

时分复用光纤光栅系统的边缘滤波解调与标定

为实现高空间分辨率和高测量精度的准分布式光纤光栅应变传感系统,研究了基于时分复用光纤光栅传感系统的解调和标定方法。将波分复用和时分复用技术相结合,得到两个低反射率光纤光栅的应变灵敏度分别为33.40με/mV和38.47με/mV,标定的非线性误差为2.8%。基于光纤光栅光谱边缘滤波技术,构建时分复用光纤光栅应变传感系统,提出复用光纤光栅应变的交叉传感解调算法,实验测试并解调两个光纤光栅的交叉传感数据。实验分析表明,单次测量传感系统的最大误差为18με,应变量大于100με时的传感相对误差小于5%,满量程600με的引用误差小于2%。     

基于四并联光栅匹配滤波解调系统的研究

为了实现高精度大范围应变传感信号的测量并解决单光栅匹配滤波解调系统存在的严重双值问题,基于光纤布拉格光栅匹配解调原理,设计了一种新型的光纤光栅匹配解调系统。通过将四个中心波长与传感光栅中心波长相匹配的解调光栅两两并联,并对其二次反射的传感光信号进行分析,得到了应变与光电探测器探测到的光功率之间的对应关系,建立了理论模型并进行了系统仿真。仿真结果表明该方案切实可行,不仅可以解决双值问题并且可以同时检测正负应变,在不添加驱动装置的情况下其传感测量范围可达952με。     

基于光纤光栅F—P腔的相位跟踪系统

在对光纤光栅法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔的反射光谱特性进行理论分析的基础上,建立了一种基于弱反射率、长腔长光纤光栅F-P腔的新颖传感系统,并提出了一种适用于该系统的有效解调方法-相位跟踪解调.相位跟踪系统的原理是利用光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)反射波长的漂移特性来测量干涉条纹的数目.用数字跟踪器与条纹积分信号保持相位的平衡,而条纹的积分信号是通过宽带超发光二极管(SLD)的波长调制得到的.实验表明,这种新颖的传感系统可实现应变的精确测量,且这种相位解调方法可应用于其他的干涉系统中,具有很高的可靠性.     

基于TFBG边缘滤波的FBG温度传感器

为了提高系统的温度灵敏度,设计了一种基于倾斜光纤光栅(TFBG)边缘滤波的光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)温度传感器。该系统在常规的TFBG边缘滤波解调系统上引入一个光纤环形镜,将从TFBG透射的光信号反射回来,使其能再次通过TFBG,以增加TFBG透射谱的深度,并对传感光栅进行封装。实验结果表明：封装前和封装后的传感光栅在所测量的温度区间内中心波长的漂移量分别为0.55 nm和7 nm,封装后的漂移量扩大了十多倍;同时,由于TFBG边缘滤波解调传递函数的斜率得到提高,传感器波长解调后的温度灵敏度也得到了改善,是未级联光纤环形镜传感器的1.6～2.4倍。     

基于遗传算法的光纤光栅交叉敏感解调研究

光纤光栅在现代传感领域应用广泛,但交叉敏感特性严重制约了其发展。针对光纤光栅在传感领域应用中存在温度与应力交叉敏感的问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的解调方案,建立了遗传算法的快速解调模型,经过数学分析得到遗传算法目标方程、适应度函数,系统讨论了参考光纤光栅与传感光栅的反射中心波长不同、反射峰值不同情况下的解调结果。数值研究结果表明,提出的基于遗传算法的解调方案可以有效地解调出参考光纤光栅与传感光栅参数不同情况下的温度与应变变化,有效地区分出温度与应力的影响,温度检测精度为0.1 ℃,应力检测精度为1.5 。打破了传统参考光纤光栅法要求传感光栅与参考光栅一致的要求,降低了系统的组建难度。     

Lab VIEW实现光纤光栅传感干涉解调技术的研究

结合虚拟仪器技术和光纤光栅传感技术,自行设计了一套光纤光栅传感解调系统.系统采用了基于迈克尔逊干涉技术的解调方法,将包含被测应变信息的FBG波长信号转变成相位信号,通过以Lab VIEW为核心的虚拟仪器系统检测相位的变化,从而得到被测应变的大小.该干涉解调系统避开了传统解调系统受电磁干扰和环境等方面的影响,因此使得测量精度有了很大的提高.虚拟仪器系统可用于静态应变和动态应变的检测,具有高分辨力、大测量范围的特点.     

高精度准分布式光纤光栅传感系统的研究

利用一个经过温度补偿封装的长周期光纤光栅解调系统中所有测量点的传感光栅的波长漂移,实现了实时、高效解调的准分布式测量.理论研究表明该系统适用于对温度、应变等参量的多布点准分布式测量.并以温度为例从实验上研究了高精度的准分布式光纤光栅传感系统.通过改善每个测量点的测量精度来提高整体系统的测量精度.利用金属槽对传感光纤布喇格光栅进行增温敏封装,使其温度灵敏系数比普通裸光栅提高了3.6倍,并利用经过温度增敏封装的光栅作为传感元件,在110℃(-50 ℃-60 ℃)的动态范围内实现了精度为0.04- ℃的多布点准分布式温度测量,理论分析与实验结果一致.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first