多字体印刷藏文字符识别

藏文字符识别系统是中文多文种信息处理系统的重要组成部分,但至今国内外的研究基本处于空白。本文提出了一种基于统计模式识别的多字体印刷藏文字符识别方法:从字符轮廓中抽取方向线素特征,利用线性鉴别分析(LDA)压缩降维后得到紧凑的字符特征向量。采用基于置信度分析的两级分类策略,设计了带偏差欧氏距离分类器(EDD)完成高效的粗分类,细分类采用修正二次鉴别函数(MQDF)。通过实验选取恰当的分类器参数后,在容量为177,600字符(300样本/字符类)的测试集上的识别率达到99.79%,证明了该方法的有效性。     

车辆牌照上英文和数字字符的结构特征分析及提取

为了研制高性能的车辆牌照自动识别系统，在详细分析车辆牌照上英文和数字字符结构特点的基础上，选择字符图象中的闭合曲线作为其整体特征，将笔画端点，三叉点和四叉点作为其细节特征，同时将笔画中的拐角点作为其辅助结构特征，三者可分别用于字符的粗分类，细分类和相似字符区分，进而提基于图论和细节点特征的闭合曲线检测算法以及基于二值图象外边缘轮廓线的笔画拐角点检测算法，将上述结构特征用于车辆牌照上英文和数字字符识别，测得识别率达96％，用PⅢ550计算机完成结构特征抽取和字符识别所用时间约20ms／字符，表明这些结构特征适用于车辆牌照上英文和数字字符的快速识别。     

应用改进最小距离分类法识别泵功图工况

最小距离分类法广泛应用于文字,图像识别领域。泵功图是封闭的二值曲线图像,可用于判别抽油井各种工况。对最小距离分类法进行改进,并把获得的泵功图进行形态学处理,使之优化为标准功图,然后应用最小距离分类法对油井现场获得的61幅泵功图进行工况分类。实验结果表明,这种方法对泵功图分类是可行的,正确率较高。     

用特征向量元素模糊分类的手写汉字识别

本文介绍了一个用特征向量元素模糊分类的手写汉字识别系统，系统在预处理时采用字心中心法，一级分类用笔道密度函数特征的向量元素模糊方法分类，详细识别用外廓方向贡献度特征，系统实验表明本识别方法是有效的。     

基于字符归一化双投影互相关性匹配识别算法

针对印刷体维吾尔文文字识别系统中的字符识别正确率较低这一难点问题,采用对字符图像进行横向扫描和纵向扫描生成行和列投影图, 结合三级分类,将目标字符与对应分类中的字符的双投影图逐一归一化并进行相关性均值计算的方法,取均值最大的字符作为最佳匹配识别结果,实现了对维文字符的识别。实验证明这种基于字符归一化双投影互相关性匹配识别算法方法抗干扰性强,简单易行,匹配精度高,使得印刷体维吾尔文字字符识别的正确率有了进一步提高。     

A SVM-based cursive character recognizer

This paper presents a cursive character recognizer, a crucial module in any cursive word recognition system based on a segmentation and recognition approach. The character classification is achieved by using support vector machines(SVMs) and a neural gas. The neural gas is used to verify whether lower and upper case version of a certain letter can be joined in a single class or not. Once this is done for every letter, the character recognition is performed by SVMs. A database of 57 293 characters was used to train and test the cursive character recognizer. SVMs compare notably better, in terms of recognition rates, with popular neural classifiers, such as learning vector quantization and multi-layer-perceptron. SVM recognition rate is among the highest presented in the literature for cursive character recognition.     

An off-line oriental character recognition system (OOCRS): synergy of distortion modeling, hidden Markov models and vector quantization

Off-line handwritten oriental character recognition is a difficult task due to the large category and stroke variety. These oriental characters are made up of components known as radicals, which are often written in a distorted proportion and size. All these factors lead to a difficult recognition problem, which unfortunately cannot be solved using direct classification approach like the neural network classifier and a preprocessing module. This paper proposes several novel preprocessing approaches and synergy of classifiers to achieve good performance. Novel classification approaches, comprising rough and coarse classification modules are proposed which when combined appropriately produced a high-performance recognition system capable of producing high accuracy classification in off-line oriental character recognition. The recognition accuracy of the system is a high of 97% and a 99% for the top 5 candidate selection scores.     

Visual word density-based nonlinear shape normalization method for handwritten Chinese character recognition

In handwritten Chinese character recognition, the performance of a system is largely dependent on the character normalization method. In this paper, a visual word density-based nonlinear normalization method is proposed for handwritten Chinese character recognition. The underlying rationality is that the density for each image pixel should be determined by the visual word around this pixel. Visual vocabulary is used for mapping from a visual word to a density value. The mapping vocabulary is learned to maximize the ratio of the between-class variation and the within-class variation. Feature extraction is involved in the optimization stage, hence the proposed normalization method is beneficial for the following feature extraction. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to some other image classification problems in which scene character recognition is tried in this paper. Experimental results on one constrained handwriting database (CASIA) and one unconstrained handwriting database (CASIA-HWDB1.1) demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the start-of-the-art methods. Experiments on scene character databases chars74k and ICDAR03-CH show that the proposed method is promising for some image classification problems.     

Recognition of hand-printed Chinese characters using decision trees/machine learning C4.5 system

Recognition of Chinese characters has been an area of major interest for many years, and a large number of research papers and reports have already been published in this area. There are several major problems with Chinese character recognition: Chinese characters are distinct and ideographic, the character size is very large and a lot of structurally similar characters exist in the character set. Thus, classification criteria are difficult to generate. This paper presents a new technique for the recognition of hand-printed Chinese characters using the C4.5 machine learning system. Conventional methods have relied on hand-constructed dictionaries which are tedious to construct and difficult to make tolerant to variation in writing styles. The paper discusses Chinese character recognition using theHough transform for feature extraction and C4.5 system. The system was tested with 900 characters written by different writers from poor to acceptable quality (each character has 40 samples) and the rate of recognition obtained was 84%.     

A Nom historical document recognition system for digital archiving

A Nom historical document recognition system is being developed for digital archiving that uses image binarization, character segmentation, and character recognition. It incorporates two versions of off-line character recognition: one for automatic recognition of scanned and segmented character patterns (7660 categories) and the other for user handwritten input (32,695 categories). This separation is used since including less frequently appearing categories in automatic recognition increases the misrecognition rate without reliable statistics on the Nom language. Moreover, a user must be able to check the results and identify the correct categories from an extended set of categories, and a user can input characters by hand. Both versions use the same recognition method, but they are trained using different sets of training patterns. Recursive X–Y cut and Voronoi diagrams are used for segmentation; k–d tree and generalized learning vector quantization are used for coarse classification; and the modified quadratic discriminant function is used for fine classification. The system provides an interface through which a user can check the results, change binarization methods, rectify segmentation, and input correct character categories by hand. Evaluation done using a limited number of Nom historical documents after providing ground truths for them showed that the two stages of recognition along with user checking and correction improved the recognition results significantly.     

Learning confidence transformation for handwritten Chinese text recognition

Handwritten text recognition systems commonly combine character classification confidence scores and context models for evaluating candidate segmentation-recognition paths, and the classification confidence is usually optimized at character level. In this paper, we investigate into different confidence-learning methods for handwritten Chinese text recognition and propose a string-level confidence-learning method, which estimates confidence parameters by directly optimizing the performance of character string recognition. We first compare the performances of parametric (class-dependent and class-independent parameters) and nonparametric (isotonic regression) confidence-learning methods. Then, we propose two regularized confidence estimation methods and particularly, a string-level confidence-learning method under the minimum classification error criterion. In experiments of online handwritten Chinese text recognition, the string-level confidence-learning method is shown to effectively improve the string recognition performance. Using three character classifiers, the character correct rates are improved from 92.39, 90.24 and 88.69 % to 92.76, 90.91 and 89.93 %, respectively.     

基于贝叶斯网络的脱机手写体汉字智能识别

针对汉字识别的超多类问题,将贝叶斯网络分类器引入小样本字符集脱机手写体汉字识别中．对手写大写数字汉字的小样本字符集构造识别系统,同时与传统的欧氏距离方法进行比较,实验表明该算法将识别率提高到92．4％,在小样本字符集脱机手写体识别中具有较强的实用性和良好的扩展性．     

多字体印刷维吾尔文字符识别系统的研究与开发

该文介绍了维吾尔文的特点及维吾尔文字符识别系统．针对维吾尔文的连体结构．重点讨论了解决过程中的技术难点．其中利用投影分离出连体段中的字母．采用边切分边识别的方法，对文本图像进行了切分．分类．提取外围特征，并通过样张的训练．使维吾尔文字符的识别获得了较满意的结果．     

基于独立分量分析的人耳识别方法

应用独立分量分析（ICA）方法从高阶统计相关性角度出发提取人耳图像的特征变量，并采用基于欧氏距离测度的最近距离分类器进行人耳图像的识别。与传统的主成分分析（PCA）方法相比具有更好的鉴别能力。通过与PCA的对比实验结果表明，该方法具有更高的识别率，对姿态和光照的变化也具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于过线特征的车牌识别

车牌识别的速度和正确率直接地反映识别系统的好坏。为了提高车牌的识别速度,提出了基于过线特征的车牌识别算法。算法分两步进行：首先对分割的待识别字符进行过线特征提取,每个字符都被映射成一个12维向量,计算出待识别字符向量与库字符向量的距离;然后,对于置信度高的字符直接作为识别结果,对于置信度不具有明显优势的待识别字符在缩小的范围下再采用模板匹配识别。实验结果表明：应用该算法的实验系统识别速度较快、准确度较高、稳定性较好。     

门牌识别系统中的鲁棒性分割方法

Robot navigation based on character recognition is an effective vision method for compensating the disadvantage of ultrasonic and infrared sensors. A typical example of character recognition for mobile robot navigation is the doorplate recognition system. The captured doorplate images contain unexpected noise from irregular illumination conditions, various imaging angles, different imaging distances, etc. The unexpected noise may still exist after segmentation step. In this paper, a robust segmentation method based on speculating the candidates of the characters and feeding back the classification result to the segmentation process is presented. If the candidates of doorplate characters cannot be determined at the segmentation step, a speculation according to known knowledge is executed. The threshold for character extraction from candidates is adjusted when the corresponding character is rejected after classification. The experimental results indicate that the recognition results are effectively improved with the proposed segmentation method.     

Handwritten Chinese character recognition using fuzzy image alignment

The task of handwritten Chinese character recognition is one of the most challenging areas of human handwriting classification. The main reason for this is related to the writing system itself which encompasses thousands of characters, coupled with high levels of diversity in personal writing styles and attributes. Much of the existing work for both online and off-line handwritten Chinese character recognition has focused on methods which employ feature extraction and segmentation steps. The preprocessed data from these steps form the basis for the subsequent classification and recognition phases. This paper proposes an approach for handwritten Chinese character recognition and classification using only an image alignment technique and does not require the aforementioned steps. Rather than extracting features from the image, which often means building models from very large training data, the proposed method instead uses the mean image transformations as a basis for model building. The use of an image-only model means that no subjective tuning of the feature extraction is required. In addition by employing a fuzzy-entropy-based metric, the work also entails improved ability to model different types of uncertainty. The classifier is a simple distance-based nearest neighbour classification system based on template matching. The approach is applied to a publicly available real-world database of handwritten Chinese characters and demonstrates that it can achieve high classification accuracy and is robust in the presence of noise.     

混合模式识别系统研究

讨论基于多种分类方法的模块组合实现的混合模式识别系统，它不同于利用多分类器输出结果表决的集成系统。提出两个系统：一个面向刷体汉字文本识别，另一个面策自由手写体字识别。