氧化镁在铝酸钙盐中的固溶性

氧化镁在水泥熟料中的存在对安定性有直接的影响,因此了解氧化镁在各熟料矿物的固溶性至关重要.铝酸三钙是水泥熟料的主要溶剂型矿物之一,本文研究氧化镁在铝酸钙中的固溶性:空白试样3CaO+Al2O3,使用0. 5 mol和1 mol的氧化镁取代对应含量的氧化钙烧制铝酸盐矿物,与空白样进行研究对比.分别采用了XRD定性、精修XRD、岩相及SEM-EDS等分析方法进行研究对比.结果显示:本实验条件下,氧化镁的加入影响矿物的产物含量,更多的氧化镁固溶于过渡相C12A7中,氧化镁在它形晶比自形晶固溶量更大,Mg2+的含量与Al3+的含量呈正相关,氧化镁的局部最大固溶量可以达到9.28%,氧化镁固溶量还会使铝酸钙盐的衬度颜色改变.     

低导热性MgO-C砖在钢包上的应用

为了抑制钢包内的钢水发生温降，日新制钢公司研究了钢包衬的隔热问题，经过几种抑制钢包水温降的措施比较之后，认为MgO－C砖具有导热性低等优点，可有效抑制钢包钢水温达2℃。     

氧化物添加剂在合成和烧结镁铝尖晶石过程中的作用

在钢铁窑炉以及水泥和石灰回转窑中镁铝尖晶石砖已经成功地替代了镁铬砖。利用软件和热力学基本数据解释添加剂在尖晶石形成过程中所起到的作用。为了使镁基耐火材料形成更好的结合结构,分析了镁铝合金粉末添加二价和四价氧化物添加剂在相对较低的温度下合成和烧结过程中所起的作用。利用X-射线衍射图谱中峰位移动的数据研究了活性阳离子在氧化镁-尖晶石和尖晶石-尖晶石的表面扩散情况。     

Oxygen Diffusion in Magnesium Aluminate Spinel

Oxygen self-diffusion in MgAl₂O₄ single crystals was investigated by annealing the samples in ¹⁸O enriched gas at 98 kPa (1 atm) and measuring the tracer concentration profiles using a proton activation technique. The diffusion coefficients in the range 1625 to 1925 K for stoichiometric crystals are represented by:    
Oxygen diffusivity in alumina-rich nonstoichiometric samples is higher than in stoichiometric samples.     

不锈钢冶炼用铁水包Al2O3-SiC-C内衬砖的性能与侵蚀机理

铁水包内衬材料长期服役于间隔周期较长的高、低温交替环境,极易发生剥落与侵蚀损毁。为了探索影响铁水包内衬材料使用寿命的主要因素,对市面上四种铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的化学成分、物相组成、物理性能和微观结构进行了分析,并以高炉渣为侵蚀介质,重点研究了不锈钢冶炼用铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的侵蚀机理。结果表明:铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖中Al₂O₃含量越高,高温下制品的液相量越低,越有利于提高耐火砖的高温力学性能;随着含碳量的增加,铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的抗渣性得到明显改善,但抗氧化性及高温抗折强度呈下降趋势;高炉渣中CaO、MgO向耐火砖中渗透,与耐火砖中的Al₂O₃、SiO₂发生反应形成高熔点的镁铝尖晶石及低熔点的钙长石等,生成的低熔相会加剧耐火砖的侵蚀。     

Gelcasting of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Powder

A stoichiometric MgAl₂O₄ spinel (MAS) powder was processed in aqueous media and consolidated by gelcasting from suspensions containing 41–45 vol% solids loading. The MAS powder was first obtained by heat treating a compacted mixture of α-Al₂O₃ and calcined caustic MgO at 1400°C for 1 h, followed by crushing and milling. Then, its surface was passivated against hydrolysis using an ethanol solution of H₃PO₄ and Al(H₂PO₄)₃. The as-treated surface MAS powder could then be dispersed in water using tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide and an ammonium salt of poly-acrylic acid (Duramax D-3005) as dispersing agents. The as-obtained stable suspensions were gelcast, dried, and sintered at 1650°C for 1–3 h. For comparison purposes, the treated powder was also compacted by die pressing of freeze-dried granules and sintered along with gelcast samples. Near-net-shape MAS components with 99.55% of the theoretical density could be fabricated by aqueous gelcasting upon sintering at 1650°C for 3 h. The MAS ceramics fabricated by gelcasting and die pressing exhibited comparable properties.     

镁铝尖晶石陶瓷的试制

对纯镁铝尖晶石陶瓷的生产进行了摸索，提出了合理的配方，并对合成、烧成等工艺过程进行了分析，尤其是对添加剂的使用进行了定性、定量的研究。     

Vacuum Hot-Pressing of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel

The densification kinetics of magnesium aluminate spinel during vacuum hot-pressing were studied between 1175° and 1460° C and from 500 to 5100 psi. A phenomenologi-cal rate equation, which suggests a logarithmic relation between strain rate and porosity, excellently described the observed densification. Treating porosity as an independent variable was shown to be reasonable; it does not functionally restrict porosity as a modifier of the applied stress. The strain rate dependence on porosity decreased at a porosity of approximately 0.15. Below 1350° C the densification characteristics were similar to those reported for other oxide systems. At 1450°C an increase in the stress dependence of the densification rate and an interaction between stress and porosity suggested that plastic flow by dislocation motion was an operative mechanism during densification.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Magnesium Aluminate Platelets

Magnesium aluminate (MgAl₂O₄) platelets were first synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of γ-AlO(OH) in a magnesium nitrate aqueous solution at 400°C. The platelets are 100–200 nm in width and 25 nm in thickness. The influence of temperature, the anions of the magnesium salt, the amount of magnesium salt, and precursor pH on the formation of such structure was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the anions of the magnesium salt and precursor pH could have a significant influence on the growth of MgAl₂O₄. MgAl₂O₄ formation followed the in situ transformation mechanism, which was the reason why the MgAl₂O₄ crystallites had a platelet morphology.     

钙铝酸盐红外玻璃的微晶化

采用真空熔制方法制备出钙铝酸盐红外玻璃,通过热处理方法对玻璃进行微晶化获得钙铝酸盐微晶玻璃。研究了晶核剂ZrO_2对钙铝酸盐玻璃析晶机制的影响,以及不同微晶化条件下钙铝酸盐玻璃的析晶情况和红外透过性能。结果表明:晶核剂的引入改变了钙铝酸盐玻璃的析晶机制,未添加ZrO_2的铝酸钙玻璃的析晶主要为表面析晶,析出晶相主要是BaAl_2O_4、Ba_3Al_2O_6;添加ZrO_2后,玻璃向整体析晶转化,析出晶相以Ca_3Al_2O_6为主;在930~970℃范围内,通过控制处理温度和时间可以获得透明的含ZrO_2铝酸钙微晶玻璃,在3~5μm波段具有良好的红外透过性能,玻璃硬度达到8.04 GPa以上。     

高炉铝酸钙炉渣浸出过程动力学

研究了高炉铝酸钙炉渣的浸出动力学,考察了搅拌强度、浸出反应温度、浸出剂初始浓度及炉渣粒度对浸出速率的影响. 结果表明,浸出过程符合一级反应的收缩未反应核模型,宏观动力学方程为1+2(1-xB)-3(1-xB)2/3= 1.108exp(-1906/T)t,表观活化能为15.84 kJ/mol,过程速率为固膜内扩散速率控制. 通过实验数据验证,表明所得模型能较好地描述炉渣的浸出过程.     

镁铝尖晶石超细粉末的制备

介绍了镁铝尖晶石(MgAl2O4)的结构、性能、用途，着重介绍了MgAl2O4超细粉制备的各种方法，并比较了它们的优缺点。     

Strength Development in Phosphate-Bonded Calcium Aluminate Cements

The chemical reaction at room temperature between calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and NH₄H₂PO₄-based fertilizer solution causes the formation of ammonium calcium pyrophosphate (AmCPP) as an amorphous cementitious phase. This phase was responsible for the development of strength in rapid-setting phosphate-bonded cement (PBC) specimens. Hydrothermal treatment of PBC at 200°C led to phase transformations of AmCPP and CAC into crystalline hydroxyapatite as the major phase and anorthite as the minor one. The moderate growth of these interlocked crystals in the interspaces of amorphous phases played an important role in creating a dense microstructure, thereby conferring a very high strength to the PBC. In contrast, an excessive crystal growth, which caused the formation of porous microstructure, resulted in a reduction in strength.     

Deterioration in the Final-Stage Sintering of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel

Sintering of magnesium aluminate spinel of the MgO-excess, stoichiometric, and Al₂O₃-excess compositions has been investigated under vacuum and in air for the effect of low oxygen partial pressures. Densification enhancement of the surface layer is due to MgO evaporation which generates oxygen vacancies in the host crystal lattice. Regions of different grain sizes are observed from samples sintered under both conditions. Microstructural features of pairwise breakup of particle chains representing differential sintering are characteristic of the less-densified sample interior. The densification improved initially and yet was retarded in the intermediate sintering stage when the density exceeded 75% with vacuum-sintering owing to MgO evaporation.     

Properties of Some Calcium Aluminate Cement Compositions

The properties of some high-purity calcium aluminate cement compositions in that portion of the lime-alumina system from 64 to 86% alumina were investigated. The laboratory preparation of seven hydraulic compositions in this system is described. Methods of appraising the properties, both in the neat cement and in castable formulations, are given. Data on bond strength, setting properties, heat of hydration, refractoriness, and aging characteristics are presented. A cement composition represented by the empirical molar formula CaO 2. 5Al₂O₃ was found to be optimum for balanced bond strength and refractoriness in high-temperature castables.     

Fracture Resistance of a Transparent Magnesium Aluminate Spinel

The fracture resistance of a fully dense, transparent, polycrystalline magnesium aluminate spinel was measured from room temperature to 1400°C using the chevron-notched beam and the straight-notched beam macroflaw techniques, as well as the indentation-induced, controlled-microflaw test method, all in three-point bending. Flexural strengths were also measured for the same range of temperatures to compare with the fracture toughness measurements. From the load vs load-line displacement ( P-u ) curves of the chevronnotched test specimens, the crack growth resistance curves ( R -curves) and the total work-of-fracture were determined. It was observed that polycrystalline MgAl₂O₄ exhibits rising R -curve behavior which increases with increasing test temperature. The R -curve increases are attributed to the geometric constraints due to grain bridging and grain wedging phenomena as well as secondary grain boundary microcracking processes, all of which occurred in the wake region behind the advancing crack. The work-of-fracture and the R -curves increased rapidly above 800°C coincident with the onset of increased secondary grain boundary microcracking.     

耐火材料用高纯铝酸钙水泥的发展趋势

高纯铝酸钙水泥(CAC)的发展趋势通过各种存在于耐火材料领域,更准确地说,与砖相比的经济的整体耐火材料的发展所要求的驱动力的研究来加以鉴别。在整体耐火材料发展所要求的驱动力中,含有CAC是重要的,砌筑质量决定了最终的内衬性能,浇注料的硬度也决定了脱模时间。这两方面结合实例进行了讨论,表明浇注料含有CAC可以最佳化的获得较好的砌筑性能和硬度,并降低了停炉时间,增强了耐火材料内衬的可靠性。