不同酸化剂对再制奶油干酪品质的影响

以普通切达干酪和稀奶油为主要原料,研究以柠檬酸、乳酸、葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)等为酸化剂,用直接酸化法制得的再制奶油干酪在品质上的变化。对制得的样品进行了质构分析、持水性测试、持油性测试和感官评定。实验结果表明,从质构角度来看,GDL和酒石酸制得样品的硬度值和涂抹性更接近天然奶油干酪,且差异不显著(p<0.05);从感官评价来看,GDL>柠檬酸>乳酸;所有酸化剂组内部乳清析出量普遍高于天然奶油干酪;6个酸化剂组中分别有4组的表面乳清析出和油脂析出与天然奶油干酪无显著性差异(p<0.05)。整体来看,GDL制得的样品与天然奶油干酪在各方面相似度最高,是最合适的酸化剂。     

原辅料对再制马苏里拉干酪品质特性的影响

以天然马苏里拉干酪为目标,以干酪融化后特性(融化性、油脂析出率、拉伸性和褐变性)、感官、微观结构为指标,研究原辅料对再制马苏里拉干酪融化后品质特性的影响。结果表明:选择比例为1∶1(m/m,下同)的成熟度为3个月切达干酪和马苏里拉干酪,配合比例为1∶4色拉油和奶油进行再制马苏里拉干酪的制作,既保证了再制干酪所需的质构,同时也赋予产品特有的风味;添加量为1.3%的乳化盐和2.0%的柠檬酸能提供再制干酪所需的乳化性和合理的p H值,产品的加工特性最佳。     

不同植物油脂在再制奶油干酪中的应用

为研究不同种类的植物油脂替代黄油在再制奶油干酪中的应用以及对品质的影响,测定了不同种类植物油脂制作的再制奶油干酪的质构特性、乳清析出率、油脂析出率以及感官评定,并进行比较分析。结果表明,添加玉米油和葵花籽油的奶油干酪硬度与对照组干酪相接近,分别减小了13.29%和增加了3.13%,但总体差异不显著(P0.05)。添加葵花籽油的奶油干酪涂抹性与对照组相比,增加了1.27%,数值上最为接近。在黏聚力和黏着性方面,添加稻米油和椰子油的奶油干酪与对照组相比,差异较为明显(P0.05)。添加玉米油的奶油干酪乳清析出率要优于对照组干酪,而添加其他植物油脂的奶油干酪乳清析出较为严重(P0.05)。添加葵花籽油的干酪的油脂析出率最大,为6.19%,显著高于对照组干酪(1.82%);添加玉米油的奶油干酪的油脂析出率稍大于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。感官分析上,添加植物油脂制作的奶油干酪总得分都低于对照组干酪,由玉米油植物清香风味和黄油的乳香味结合带来的干酪的风味接受度要高于其他植物油脂制作的干酪。综合各项指标,玉米油是替代黄油作为再制奶油干酪原料油脂较好的植物油脂选择。     

植物油脂替代动物油脂 在再制奶油干酪中的应用

以奶油干酪为基料,研究不同植物油脂替代动物油脂在再制奶油干酪中的应用。测定干酪样品的质构、色度、油脂析出性、融化性及感官评定,并进行比较分析。实验结果表明,添加橄榄油和小麦胚芽油的干酪硬度和涂抹性与对照组相近(P>0.05);添加橄榄油、小麦胚芽油、油茶籽油和米糠油的干酪粘聚力与对照组接近,减少了15.23%~26.68%;添加橄榄油和油茶籽油的干酪粘合性与对照组相差19.68%、33.16%,差异显著(P<0.05)。添加油茶籽油、橄榄油、米糠油、小麦胚芽油和亚麻籽油的干酪色度与对照组十分相近(P>0.05)。在油脂析出性上,添加玉米油、米糠油、橄榄油、油茶籽油和南瓜籽油的实验组品质均得到了改善。添加橄榄油、亚麻籽油的样品组在融化性能上与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),仅减少了1.15%和1.85%。添加油茶籽油、橄榄油、小麦胚芽油的样品组受到认可,得分高于对照组。综上,橄榄油组与对照组在各项指标上相似度最高,是较好的替代油脂。     

超高压处理对再制奶油干酪质构、流变学特性及微观结构的影响

以低饱和脂肪酸的再制奶油干酪为研究对象,探究不同条件超高压处理(压力:150、300、450MPa;保压时间:10 min;保压温度:25℃)对再制奶油干酪质构、流变学特性及微观结构的影响.通过SPSS软件分析压力变化与干酪水分质量分数、水分活度、pH值及质构特性的相关性,通过质构分析仪测定干酪质构特性(涂抹性、硬度、...     

超高压处理对奶油干酪功能特性及其应用的影响

以奶油干酪为研究对象,探究超高压(high hydrostatic pressure, HHP)室温(25℃)下,不同压力(200,300,400,500 MPa)保压10 min对奶油干酪功能特性(涂抹性、出油性、融化性)的影响,根据探究结果将最适压力处理过的奶油干酪制成芝士蛋糕,探究超高压处理对其感官品质的影响。结果显示：当HHP压力为300 MPa时,其涂抹性和出油性发生显著性变化(P<0.05),分别提高了33.8%和12.8%。当HHP压力≥300 MPa时,干酪表现出更优的融化性,确定HHP处理的最适压力为300 MPa。将经300 MPa/10 min处理的奶油干酪用于制作芝士蛋糕,结果表明,经HHP处理的干酪有较高的感官评分,其制作出的芝士蛋糕的感官喜好度也较高。     

谷氨酰胺转移酶提高奶油干酪得率的研究

谷氨酰胺转移酶具有交联蛋白,提高产率的作用,本文通过单因素实验,把TG酶应用到奶油干酪中,分别研究不同添加量(0.004％、0.04％、0.4％)、不同添加方式(发酵剂和TG酶同时加入,再加入凝乳酶;发酵剂加入后,再加入凝乳酶和TG酶,以及添加发酵剂后,再加入TG酶)对奶油干酪的品质及产率的影响.确定TG酶最适的添加量和添加方式为发酵剂和0.04％ TG酶同时加入后,再加入凝乳酶,可以提高奶油干酪的品质及产率,化学成分及pH符合标准.     

奶油干酪生产关键工艺参数研究

为研究奶油干酪的关键工艺参数,通过奶油干酪制作工艺过程中氯化钙添加量、凝乳酶添加量、凝乳温度、脂肪添加量这些工艺参数的设计,以产率、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、水分含量、感官品质为评价指标进行实验,通过正交优化分析试验得到最佳的工艺参数组合为凝乳酶添加量0.002g/mL、凝乳温度32℃、脂肪添加量12%、氯化钙添加量0.01g/mL。所得最佳工艺效果较好,可作为奶油干酪的实际生产工艺。     

谷氨酰胺转移酶提高奶油干酪得率的研究

谷氨酰胺转移酶具有交联蛋白,提高产率的作用,本文通过单因素实验,把TG酶应用到奶油干酪中,分别研究不同添加量(0.004%、0.04%、0.4%)、不同添加方式(发酵剂和TG酶同时加入,再加入凝乳酶;发酵剂加入后,再加入凝乳酶和TG酶,以及添加发酵剂后,再加入TG酶)对奶油干酪的品质及产率的影响。确定TG酶最适的添加量和添加方式为发酵剂和0.04%TG酶同时加入后,再加入凝乳酶,可以提高奶油干酪的品质及产率,化学成分及pH符合标准。      

再制奶油奶酪生产新技术的研究

针对影响再制奶油奶酪质构特性、持水性、持油性和感官等品质的关键工艺,包括融熔温度、融熔时间、剪切速率、均质压力和冷却方式进行了研究。结果表明,融熔过程中的温度和时间对样品的各个性质有一定影响,且融熔过程中剪切速率的影响最显著,最佳的融熔条件为80℃,10 min,剪切速率900 r/min。不经均质的样品基本呈稠厚的液态,可流动。随着均质压力的提高,产品的硬度增加,当压力达到20 MPa时样品才达到硬度要求。本实验选择的两种冷却方式对样品的质构、感官和内部乳清析出没有显著影响,该工艺条件对产品品质总体影响不大。     

Texture Map of Cream Cheese

ABSTRACT: The controlled rate vane method was used to evaluate the yield stress and apparent yield strain of ten cream cheeses at refrigeration (5 °C) and room temperature (22 °C). Plotting yield stress versus apparent yield strain produced a "texture map", showing a trend where a decrease in yield stress corresponded to an increase in yield strain. The map can be used as a tool for evaluating product spreadability in quality control and product development applications. Yield stress values for all cream cheeses ranged from approximately 1.3 kPa to 6.6 kPa, while yield strain values from 0.2 rad to 0.6 rad were found.     

Effect of pH on Microstructure and Characteristics of Cream Cheese

ABSTRACT:  This study evaluated the effect of pH on the microstructure of cream cheese and compared pH-induced changes in its microstructure with concomitant changes in cheese firmness and meltability. On 4 different days, experimental batches of cultured hot pack cream cheese were manufactured and analyzed for initial chemical composition. The cheeses were then sectioned into samples that were randomly assigned to 7 different treatment groups. Three groups were exposed to ammonia vapor for 1, 3, and 5 min to increase the pH; 3 groups were exposed to acetic acid vapor for 30, 60, and 90 min to decrease the pH; and 1 unexposed group served as the control. After equilibration at 4 °C, samples were analyzed for pH, firmness, meltability, and microstructure by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of experimental treatments on cheese pH, firmness, and meltability were analyzed by randomized complete block analysis of variance (ANOVA). Relationships between cheese pH and firmness and meltability were evaluated by regression. Experimental treatments significantly affected cheese pH, firmness, and meltability. Cheese firmness decreased and meltability increased with increasing pH from about pH 4.2 to 6.8. Cheese microstructure also changed dramatically over the same approximate pH range. Specifically, the volume of the protein network surrounding the fat droplets increased markedly with increasing pH, presumably due to casein swelling. These data support the hypothesis that protein-to-water interactions increased as the cheese pH increased, which gave rise to progressive swelling of the casein network, softer texture, and increased meltability.     

Effect of Cheese pH and Temperature on Serum Phase Characteristics of Cream Cheese During Storage

Three 13.6‐kg blocks of cultured cream cheese manufactured on different days were obtained from a commercial source within 2 wk of manufacture. Blocks were sectioned into samples that were randomly assigned to 3 treatments. A model system was used to change cheese pH. One group of samples was exposed to volatile ammonia to increase the pH to about 5.3. A 2nd group was exposed to volatile acetic acid to decrease the pH to about 4.5. A 3rd group served as a control (pH about 4.8). Samples from each pH treatment were vacuum‐packaged and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 storage temperatures: 4 °C and 20 °C. Samples were randomly chosen for analysis after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 d of storage and centrifuged at 12500 ±g for 75 min at 25 °C to obtain expressible serum (ES). The ES was analyzed for viscosity at 25 °C. Effects of pH treatment, storage time, and storage temperature were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) according to a split split‐plot design. The amount of ES increased significantly during storage and was affected by storage temperature and cheese pH. Significantly more ES was obtained at higher temperature and higher pH. Viscosity of ES decreased significantly during storage and was affected by storage temperature and cheese pH. Viscosity decreased more rapidly at higher temperature and higher pH. The data suggest that higher temperature and higher pH resulted in accelerated loss of stabilizer function during storage, possibly due to microbiological degradation of the stabilizer.     

油茶籽油对再制干酪流变特性的影响

以切达干酪、凝乳酶酪蛋白、油茶籽油为主要原料,乳化盐、脱脂乳粉等为辅料,研制涂抹再制干酪.采用单因素方法添加不同量的油茶籽油制备涂抹再制干酪,研究不同振荡频率下涂抹再制干酪的储能模量(G′)和损耗模量(G″),并观察油茶籽油添加量不同的涂抹再制干酪到达黏弹性变化临界点温度(融化温度)的差异.结果表明:涂抹再制干酪G′和...