串联密炼机恒温混炼工艺性能的研究

对IM550E/IM1000ET重型串联密炼机恒温混炼与恒转速混炼工艺性能进行对比研究。结果表明：与恒转速混炼工艺相比,在基本相同混炼时间条件下恒温混炼工艺能耗下降56%,降低母炼胶单位门尼粘度能耗下降33%,终炼胶门尼粘度增大11%,炭黑分散性下降,老化前胶料的定伸应力、拉伸强度和拉断伸长率等物理性能略有下降,但老化后物理性能增强,与钢丝帘线粘合性能提高,滞后损失及生热相当。     

白炭黑胶料混炼工艺探讨

研究GK270N型密炼机混炼排胶温度及氧化锌、防老剂加入顺序对白炭黑胶料密炼工艺性能、硫化特性及物理性能的影响。结果表明，排胶温度为160℃时混炼效果好；氧化锌在一段加入，混炼胶门尼粘度降低明显，定伸应力和抗撕裂性能较好；防老剂在一段加入，混炼胶工艺性能及其硫化胶物理性能最差。     

白炭黑胶料混炼工艺探讨

研究GK270N型密炼机混炼排胶温度及氧化锌、防老剂加入顺序对白炭黑胶料密炼工艺性能、硫化特性及物理性能的影响。结果表明，排胶温度为160℃时混炼效果好;氧化锌在一段加入，混炼胶门尼粘度降低明显，定伸应力和抗撕裂性能较好；防老剂在一段加入，混炼胶工艺性能及其硫化胶物理性能最差。     

MLJ-300密炼机微机智能控制系统在XM-270密炼机上的应用

通过应用华南理工大学的MLJ－300密炼机微机智能控制系统，达到了优化混炼工艺、预测混炼胶门尼粘度的目的。采用瞬时功率控制排胶可以大大缩小胶料门尼粘度的波动范围，提高混炼胶质量，提高生产效率，降低能耗7％－8％。     

串联密炼机生产胶料及工艺性能研究

研究串联密炼机混炼高白炭黑填充的溶聚丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶/顺丁橡胶并用胎面胶的工艺和性能。结果表明,与传统的相切型密炼机相比,串联密炼机具有更好的温控能力,混炼胶的Payne效应降低,硫化胶的物理性能和动态力学性能相当,并且在保证相同胶料性能的条件下减少混炼段数,提高生产效率,降低能耗。     

密炼机中橡胶混炼的流变理论及应用

介绍了密炼机中橡胶混炼的流变理论,即混炼的主要阶段胶料呈粘弹性流体,胶料的混炼工艺主要由胶料粘度决定,胶料达到最佳粘度时,混炼工艺最优。密炼机功率曲线反映了密炼室中胶料的混炼状态,通过功率曲线可以分析判断胶料的混炼工艺情况,根据密炼机中橡胶混炼的流变理论,开发了MLJ－300型密炼机微机智能控制系统,该系统可以对混炼工艺进行自动或半自动优化,根据胶料配方和 炼机性能可建立混炼 炼机性能可建立混炼胶质量预测数学模型,包括粘度和分散性预测数学模型,采用预测数学模型控制生产,可保证每批混炼胶质量达到要求,实现密炼机的高效优质生产。     

炭黑填充型粉末天然橡胶的密炼机塑炼特性研究

采用实验室微型密炼机（Brabender转矩流变仪）研究了炭黑填充型粉末天然橡胶[P（NR/HAF）]的密炼机塑炼/混炼性能,即塑炼时间、塑炼温度和转速等基本工艺参数对胶料门尼粘度的影响。与传统的块状天然橡胶/炭黑（NR/HAF）的密炼机混炼相比,P（NR/HAF）在密炼机混炼时具有较高的混炼温升和较快的升温速率,使得胶料在较高的温度下被塑炼,从而表现出与传统的NR/HAF不同的密炼机混炼特性,其最佳塑炼温度有所降低。通过逐步回归分析建立的“门尼粘度-塑炼条件”模型可以较好地拟合和预测不同塑炼条件下P（NR/HAF）密炼机塑炼后胶料的门尼粘度。     

串联式连续混炼与传统混炼的胶料性能和能耗研究

对比研究串联式连续混炼与传统混炼的胶料性能和能耗。结果表明:与传统混炼相比,串联式连续混炼制备的混炼胶的填料(炭黑和白炭黑)分散性好,门尼粘度低,硫化胶的300%定伸应力/100%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度大,DIN磨耗指数略小;串联式连续混炼制备混炼胶的单位能耗低,生产效率高。与啮合型密炼机传统混炼相比,串联式连续混炼的单位能耗降低14. 8%,生产效率提高16. 3%。     

XLH-150型连续混炼工业化机台的混炼工艺参数 对胶料性能的影响

研究XLH-150型双转子连续混炼机的混炼工艺参数与胶料性能间的关系,确定XLH-150型连续混炼工业化机台的最佳混炼工艺,并与传统密炼机三段混炼工艺进行对比。结果表明：XLH-150型连续混炼工业化机台的最佳混炼工艺为初炼采用GK-45E型啮合型密炼机,转子转速为50 r·min^-1,温度为40℃,混炼时间为270 s,填充因数为0.6;补充混炼采用XLH-150型双转子连续混炼机,转子转速为40 r·min^-1,过2遍连续混炼机,各段温度分别为70,65,60和55℃。采用连续混炼工艺的胶料性能优于采用传统三段混炼工艺的胶料性能,即胶料的Payne效应降低11%,滚动阻力降低15%,拉伸强度和撕裂强度略有提高;同时生产效率提高44%以上,总单位能耗降低39%。     

硫黄直接投入密炼机进行二段混炼

硫黄直接投入密炼机进行二段混炼在橡胶混炼工艺中，将硫黄直接投人密炼室与一段胶料进行二段混炼，可以提高混炼均匀性，提高混炼速度，改善生产环境，降低劳动强度。广州第一橡胶厂利用ＧＫ２７０Ｎ型密炼机的性能特点，开展了硫黄直接投人密炼机进行二段混炼的工艺试验...     

Gelimat混料加工装置

据美国 Draiswerke公司介绍 ,该公司利用热动力学原理开发的全自动加工控制 Gelimat混料加工装置 ,可在极短的时间内对多项加工参数进行调整改动。　　Gelimat混料加工装置可在几秒钟内完成搅拌、混合、加热混料等一系列操作过程 ,因此 ,聚合物的加热过程极短 ,可防止聚合物的降解。物料受热可在5～ 2 0秒钟即达到熔融温度 ,然后再输送到成型区。　　 Gelimat混料装置可用于加工 PE、UHMWPE、PP、PVC、PVDC、ABS以及几乎所有的热塑性树脂和热固性树脂 (包括合金、高填充或纯树脂 )。Draiswerke公司称 ,价廉的回收料可以熔融或与木…     

Biodegradation of Chloroxylenol by Cunninghamella elegans IM 1785/21GP and Trametes versicolor IM 373: Insight into Ecotoxicity and Metabolic Pathways

Chloroxylenol (PCMX) is applied as a preservative and disinfectant in personal care products, currently recommended for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its intensive application leads to the release of PCMX into the environment, which can have a harmful impact on aquatic and soil biotas. The aim of this study was to assess the mechanism of chloroxylenol biodegradation by the fungal strains Cunninghamella elegans IM 1785/21GP and Trametes versicolor IM 373, and investigate the ecotoxicity of emerging by-products. The residues of PCMX and formed metabolites were analysed using GC-MS. The elimination of PCMX in the cultures of tested microorganisms was above 70%. Five fungal by-products were detected for the first time. Identified intermediates were performed by dechlorination, hydroxylation, and oxidation reactions catalysed by cytochrome P450 enzymes and laccase. A real-time quantitative PCR analysis confirmed an increase in CYP450 genes expression in C. elegans cells. In the case of T. versicolor, spectrophotometric measurement of the oxidation of 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) showed a significant rise in laccase activity during PCMX elimination. Furthermore, with the use of bioindicators from different ecosystems (Daphtoxkit F and Phytotoxkit), it was revealed that the biodegradation process of PCMX had a detoxifying nature.     

Particle Size Modification of Thermally Stable Secondary Explosives for IM Applications

As well as improving the survivability of weapons and platforms, insensitive munitions (IM) reduce both casualty rates and mission losses. Their use also leads to improved safety during storage and transportation. For a munition to fulfil IM criteria, each of its energetic sub‐sections must be IM compliant. The initiator and explosive train are the most critical of these sub‐systems as their safety and reliability are of paramount importance if the weapon is to be suitable for service use, yet they are generally the most difficult part of a weapon to protect from inadvertent initiation. As part of an ongoing study into initiation methods suitable for use in IM systems, an investigation into the behaviour of energetic materials when impacted by laser‐driven flyers was performed. Laser‐based detonators exhibit increased safety characteristics over conventional initiation methods as they can be based on insensitive secondary explosives rather than sensitive primary explosives. Also, they are less susceptible to accidental initiation due to an external hazard threat. Single pulses from a high‐powered Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser were used to launch flyers from substrate‐backed aluminium films to velocities up to 6 km s⁻¹ across a short stand‐off to impact explosive targets. Several novel energetic materials have been selected for investigation as potential candidates for inclusion within flyer‐based initiation systems and explosive train applications. The materials are of interest due to their increased thermal stability and power output over conventional explosives currently in service. Attempts were made to increase the flyer responsiveness of the materials by tuning their particle size using ultrasound. The effect of particle size on the initiation threshold energy was investigated for three materials.     

高IM配料在湿法回转窑生产中的应用

建于1958年的山东铝业公司水泥厂(以下简称我厂),现有5台湿法短窑。其中,最大的一台为 4.5 m×100 m的#5窑。我厂湿法回转窑生产中存在的最大问题是熟料强度平均只有48MPa,因此如何提高熟料强度成为关键。 2001年,我们对熟料的化学组成、矿物组成、率值和强度等进行了数据统计,其中#5窑4～8月份的统计结果按强度从高到低的顺序排列见表1。通过     

低Fe2O3高IM对预分解窑系统的影响

预分解窑企业采用“两高一中”的配料方案，即高硅酸率（SM）、高铝氧率（IM）、中饱和比（KH），有助于提高熟料强度，而且低铁对缓解预热器系统高温堵塞很有好处。一般来讲，IM＞１．４以上时通常称为高铝氧率，许多厂家控制在１．５±０．１时质量最佳。本文主要讨论在IM＞１．６５的情况下，超出正常控制范围所出现的各种现象及工艺变化，对生产的影响。尤其是IM＞１．６５、熟料Fe２O３＜３．２％时，对窑系统工艺条件的影响。１窑系统热耗稍高由于熟料中Fe２O３含量降低，液相量相对减少，质点扩散速度变慢，烧结范围变窄。实…     

Insensitive munitions (IM) and combustion characteristics of GAP/AN composite propellants

Sensitivities to the ballistic shock and burn rate characteristics of GAP/AN composite propellants were investigated. Nitrate esters, such as TMETN and NC, were very effective ballistic modifier that provided useable burn rate and pressure rate exponent for minimum signature propellant based on AN. Their low temperature mechanical properties became less sensitive to the temperatures with nitrate esters. Dioctyl adipate platicized propellant showed excellent mechanical properties at operational temperature ranges. The primary initiation mechanism of card gap test was not dominated by the mechanical properties. Although NC significantly increased the critical shock pressure, 14.8% HMX and AP were less effective to the sensitivities. GAP/AN propellants showed excellent IM characteristics to the ballistic shock applied here.     

提高SM、IM与机立窑水泥厂ISO强度标准的实施

1 配料方案是实施ISO强度标准的关键技术 水泥生产属化学重工业,其配料方案是水泥生产工艺中重要的关键技术,配料方案确定后,在正常的工艺条件下,熟料中的矿物组成和化学成份相应确定。试验表明,熟料的抗压强度随硅酸盐矿物（C3S C2S）含量的增加而提高,随溶剂矿物（C3S C4AF）含量的增加而降低。欧洲水泥标准EVN1971-92规定,硅酸盐水泥熟料中 C3A C2S/C3A C4AF≥2/3,并要求熟料中CaO/SiO2≥2.0,以保证熟料中硅酸盐矿物为主体并以C3S为主导矿物。目前国内外新型干法窑（NSP）熟料普遍提高了硅酸盐矿物和铝酸盐矿物的含量,其硅率（SM）一般>2.5,高的甚至达到2.8～3.0,C3S     

Sn-1,3-specific Interesterification of Soybean Oil with Medium-chain Triacylglycerol Catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM

abstract The structured lipids are produced through sn-1,3-specific interesterification of soybean oil with medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) in continuous reactions catalyzed by Thermomyces lanuginos...