基于数值模拟的静态混合器混合性能对比

构建长度、直径相同的SK、SX型静态混合器，利用Polyflow软件模拟低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)熔体在静态混合器内的流动情况，得到2种静态混合器的示踪粒子分布图、压降、分离尺度等参数，分析了流量对压力和分离尺度的影响，以及分离尺度下降一半，2种静态混合器所需的压降和流程长度。结果表明，随流程长度的增大，SX型静态混合器的粒子分布更加均匀，分离尺度更小，在出口处分离尺度约为SK型的1/3;当流量增至初始值的10倍时，SK和SX型的压降分别增至原来的7.4和4.7倍，两者出口处的分离尺度分别变化了8.3%和60%;随着混合过程的进行，分离尺度每下降1/2,所需压降及流程长度逐渐增大。     

Kenics型静态混合器的结构优化与数值模拟

基于三维有限元数值模拟方法,对应用于高黏聚酯熔体直纺工业丝过程中熔体管道输送的Kenics型静态混合器进行结构优化;对静态混合器内示踪粒子的流动轨迹进行统计学处理,通过停留时间分布、分离尺度、面积伸展率以及时间平均效率表征流动特性与混合性能。结果表明:相比传统静态混合器,当静态混合器的元件旋转角度为120°时,静态混合器的分离尺度降低,分散混合能力增强,拉伸作用增强,混合特性提高;相同管径下元件长径比为0.75时,静态混合器的混合能力较长径比为1.00或1.25时都有明显的提高;随元件长径比增加,混合效果逐渐变差,流动方式趋近于理想平推流动。     

共混纺丝组件用圆盘型静态混合器及模拟实验

从共混纺丝组件内部结构设计出发,根据静态混合器的混合原理,将组件内分配板设计成圆盘型静态混合器,每个分配圆盘中都设计出若干大小相等、径向均匀分布的菱形栅。通过复合纺丝模拟器的冷态模拟实验,分析模拟熔体在分配板流道内的流动混合状态。熔体经过菱形栅之间径向沟槽多次分割和汇集后,获得位置交换,完成多次的混合操作。结果表明,用于纺丝组件的圆盘型静态混合器能满足共混纺丝要求;将静态混合分配圆盘组配置在已有的纺丝组件内,其结构设计可行,混合效果显著。     

一种新型微萃取混合器混合性能的研究

结合喷射混合器与静态混合器的优点设计了一种新型微萃取混合器,采用图像测量法对喷射混合器、SV型静态混合器和新型微萃取混合器的混合性能进行了对比研究,采用柴油-水体系,通过建立混合器内混合效果的评价指标,探讨了操作条件、混合器形式对混合效果和压降的影响。     

仿柳叶形静态混合器的流动及混合特性

对仿柳叶形静态混合器内混合气流进行了速度场与浓度场的试验研究,结果表明该混合器内速度场与浓度场偏差均达到了非常理想的效果（优于国家标准偏差值）。同时采用CFD软件对该静态混合器内的流场进行了数值模拟,试验与模拟的数值结果以及两者的浓度云图分布都有着较好的一致性。随后的研究结果表明：在混合元件尾迹区域出现了纵向涡和发卡涡来促进混合;在经过混合元件区域时因为湍流动能耗散率增加形成的高湍流动能耗散率区能够使物质交换更加频繁;整个静态混合器的流动阻力也主要发生在该区域,随之出现的返混现象也在一定程度上加强了混合效果。     

仿柳叶形静态混合器的流动及混合特性

对仿柳叶形静态混合器内混合气流进行了速度场与浓度场的试验研究,结果表明该混合器内速度场与浓度场偏差均达到了非常理想的效果(优于国家标准偏差值)。同时采用CFD软件对该静态混合器内的流场进行了数值模拟,试验与模拟的数值结果以及两者的浓度云图分布都有着较好的一致性。随后的研究结果表明:在混合元件尾迹区域出现了纵向涡和发卡涡来促进混合;在经过混合元件区域时因为湍流动能耗散率增加形成的高湍流动能耗散率区能够使物质交换更加频繁;整个静态混合器的流动阻力也主要发生在该区域,随之出现的返混现象也在一定程度上加强了混合效果。     

静态混合器气液两相流压降的数值模拟及实验研究

气泡流经过静态混合器的压降问题涉及到舰船动力系统性能的好坏。在分析了气泡平均驰豫时间的基础上,结合k ε湍流模型,利用平衡流模型模拟静态混合器内形成的稀疏湍流气泡流,得到了混合器内两相流流场。空气—水系统的压力降实验表明,计算流体力学模拟能够很好地预测SMV型静态混合器内气泡流的压降,是静态混合器设计的有效手段。     

叶片式静态混合器多相流动特性的数值分析

基于加氢反应流出物空冷器(REAC)系统的油、气、水三相物性参数,建立了叶片式静态混合器物理模型,并采用Mixture多相流模型和Realizable k-?湍流模型进行CFD数值计算,分析叶片式混合器内多相流动特性。模拟所得到的混合器进出口压降与实验值吻合较好,验证了计算结果的可靠性。研究结果表明:在混合区域内,多相流流速提高,湍流强度明显增强,并且在最下方叶片的底部会形成较大尺度的漩涡。通过分析管道各截面的水相分率和不均匀系数φ可知,水相分率的不均匀性在混合后得到了明显改善。在2~6 m×s~(-1)的流速范围内,流速的改变不会对混合效果造成影响。采用无量纲参数λ定义混合器出口距离L与混合器长度l的比值,计算发现,当λ≥3时,流体水相分率的不均匀系数不再发生明显改变。混合器出口管道壁面会形成剪切应力较大的区域,接近碳钢材料冲蚀破坏的临界值,需考虑在混合器出口增加不锈钢衬套,防止壁面冲刷减薄。     

SV型静态混合元件排列方式对SCR系统竖直烟道混合效果的影响

借助计算流体力学的方法,对某电厂所采用的大型SCR脱硝系统竖直烟道内流体流动进行数值模拟,根据数值模拟结果分析SV型静态混合元件排列方式对烟道内速度场、浓度场以及系统压降的影响。结果表明,混合器元件的排列方式对其混合效果有一定的影响,综合考虑,顺排排列方式更有利于实际生产。     

Kenics静态混合器在水平液固循环流化床中的研究

为了解决水平液固循环流化床中颗粒分布不均匀问题,在内径29 mm、长4 m的水平有机玻璃管流化床内放入Kenics静态混合器,采用CCD图像测量与数据处理系统考察静态混合器的结构、个数、安装位置对液固二相流中颗粒分布的影响;同时,利用U型管压差计考察不同条件下静态混合器的压降。实验结果表明:Kenics静态混合器能明显地改善管内颗粒分布情况;单个扭率Y=3.5的Kenics静态混合器压降最小;2个扭率Y=3.5的Kenics静态混合器间距为40 mm时对颗粒分布影响长度是最长的。     

不同元件长径比对液液静态混合的影响

应用FLUENT软件对5种不同长径比的静态混合器进行液液两相混合的数值模拟,得出各混合密度云图、混合不均匀系数Ψ和压力降进行比较分析。进而得出以下结论,当混合元件长径比Ar从1.0逐渐增大到2.0时,从混合密度云图和混合不均匀系数Ψ值来看,在达到预期混合效果即Ψ值达到0.05时,所需的混合元件个数随着长径比Ar的增大而减小。所需混合长度L相差不大,约为混合管直径D的1~1.5倍,混合压降相差大约7倍。所以在混合管直径D不大的情况下,选取Ar=2.0的混合器则更理想,而且单纯依靠入口流速的变化并不能对混合效果产生太大影响。     

Statische Mischer und ihre Anwendung

Static mixers and their applications . Static mixers are generally made up of similar, fixed mixing units installed at right angles to each other in series along a tube or a channel. The energy of mixing is extracted from the flow. Twelve different units are presented. The mixing effect in static mixers under conditions of laminar flow is accomplished either by specially designed feed systems, by cutting and twisting, by displacement and distortion, or by separation and expansion. Depending upon the mixer, very different lengths are required to achieve the same degree of homogeneity. Compared with an empty tube, the pressure drop in static mixers is some 7-to 200-fold greater for laminar flow and 100- to 600-fold greater for turbulent flow. Static mixers are employed in all areas of chemical engineering for homogenization, for reduction of the resisdence-time spectrum, and for heat exchange. Since maintenance and wear are negligible, since incorporation frequently requires no extra space, and since they can be used over wide ranges of viscosity, static mixers are being increasingly employed in continuous processes.     

带有Kenics静态混合器的水平液固两相流化床换热管的压降研究

以饱和硫酸钙为介质,在安装Kenics静态混合器的水平液固两相流化床换热管上进行实验研究,考察介质流速、Kenics静态混合器扭率、颗粒体积分数及颗粒尺寸对压降的影响,并与冷态实验条件下的压降变化规律进行比较。结果表明：同等操作条件,安装Kenics静态混合器后压降比安装前提高20%～140%;压降随雷诺数的增大而增大,随Kenics静态混合器扭率的增大而减小;颗粒体积分数对压降也有影响。根据实验数据,得出了稳定操作条件下压降与上述影响因素之间的经验关联式,为带有Kenics静态混合器的水平液固两相流化床换热器的设计提供计算依据。     

Numerical investigation of the performance of several static mixers

The performance of six static mixer (Kenics, Inliner, LPD, Cleveland, SMX and ISG) are compared using 3D numerical simulations in laminar creeping flow regime. Numerical pressure drop results are tested against experimental ones, showing overall a good agreement. Besides pressure drop, four criteria (extensional efficiency, stretching, mean shear rate and intensity of segregation) are chosen to compare the static mixers. It appears that Kenics, Inliner, LPD and Cleveland mixers are rather similar. The ISG mixer seems better than this first group of mixers, but pressure drop is too high compared to other advantages. From our numerical results, SMX appears to be the most efficient of the six compared static mixers.     

Effects of geometry and flow rate on secondary flow and the mixing process in static mixers—a numerical study

A method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the characterization of static mixers using the Z factor, helicity and the rate of striation thinning is presented. These measures were found to be well-suited for the characterization of static mixers as they reflect the pressure drop, the formation of secondary flow, i.e. vortices, and their effect on the mixing process. Two commercial static mixers, the Kenics KM and Lightnin Series 45, have been characterized. In the mixers investigated, secondary flow is formed in the flow at the element intersections and due to the curvature of the mixer elements. The intensity of the vortices is higher in the Lightnin than the Kenics mixer due to edges in the middle of the Lightnin mixer elements. The formation of vortices affects the Z factor by an increase in the power requirement, and the rate of striation thinning by an increase in the stretching of the striations. The formation of vortices was observed at a Reynolds number of 10 in both mixers with aspect ratios of 1.5. However, the intensity of the vortices was greater in the Lightnin than the Kenics mixer, which was observed in not only the magnitude of the helicity, but also the Z factor, rate of striation thinning and the distribution of striation thickness.The distribution in striation thickness is shifted towards thin striations as the flow rate is increased from below to above the Reynolds numbers of which vortices were first observed, but some striations still pass the mixer elements almost unaffected, which can be seen in the skewness of the distribution of the striation thickness, which shifts from being negative to positive.     

Comparative analysis of different static mixers performance by CFD technique: An innovative mixer

The flow and mixing behavior of two miscible liquids has been studied in an innovative static mixer by using CFD,with Reynolds numbers ranging from 20 to 160. The performance of the new mixer is compared with those of Kenics, SMX, and Komax static mixers. The pressure drop ratio(Z-factor), coefficient of variation(CoV), and extensional efficiency(α) features have been used to evaluate power consumption, distributive mixing, and dispersive mixing performances, respectively, in all mixers. The model is firstly validated based on experimental data measured for the pressure drop ratio and the coefficient of variation. CFD results are consistent with measured data and those obtained by available correlations in the literature. The new mixer shows a superior mixing performance compared to the other mixers.     

Residence Time and Concentration Distribution in a Kenics Static Mixer

Static mixers, often referred to as motionless mixers, are in-line mixing devices that consist of mixing elements inserted into a length of pipe. Most of the experimental works in this field have concentrated on establishing design guidelines and pressure drop correlations. Due to experimental difficulties, few articles have been published on the investigation of the flow and mixing mechanisms. In this work, a Kenics KMX static mixer was utilized to study concentration and residence time distribution (RTD) and effect of Reynolds number on mixing. The static mixer had six mixing elements arranged in-line along the length of the tube, and the angle between two neighboring elements was 90°. The length of the mixer was 0.98 m with internal and external diameters of 5.0 cm and 6.0 cm, respectively. The main continuous fluid was water, and NaCl solution was used as a tracer. All experiments were conducted with three replications at three Reynolds numbers, Re = 1188.71, 1584.95, and 1981.19. A dispersion model was used to model the RTD data. The experimental results were compared with the model results and reasonable agreement was achieved.     

Kenics型静态混合器和GK型静态混合器流场的数值模拟及比较

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)的方法,分别计算了Kenics型静态混合器和GK型静态混合器内的流场。数值模拟的结果表明,Kenics型静态混合器内流场的湍动强度大于GK型静态混合器的,导致了Kenics型静态混合器的流体阻力和传热系数大于GK型静态混合器的。GK型静态混合器的压力降大约只是Kenics型静态混合器压力降的0.554~0.579倍,但两者的传热膜系数相差不大。GK型静态混合器具有较强的综合性能。     

Einsatz und Auslegung statischer Mischer

Application and design of static mixers . Static mixers are units without, or only with fixed, internal fittings which effect the mixing of flowing materials with the aid of their kinetic energy. They are used for continuous homogenization and dispersion, for limitation of the residence time spectrum, and for raising heat and mass transfer in all areas of chemical engineering. Over 20 static mixers are presented, and compared with regard to pressure drop, mixing quality, energy consumption, and residence time and heat transfer behaviour. Important selection criteria are reported. Static mixers have the following advantages over dynamic mixers: use for a wide range of viscosities, narrow residence time spectrum, readily adaptable to existing pipe systems, frequently require no extra space (in-line mixers), negligible maintainance and wear, low investment and operating costs.     

静态混合器中非牛顿流体的压力降和摩擦因子

分析和讨论了非牛顿流体流动的流变特性、静态混合器的几何本数和单元数及操作参数对非牛顿流体的压力降和摩擦因子的影响。并得到了静态混合器中非牛顿流体流动的压力降的关联式，△Ｐ＝１８３６Ｒｅ（０．２７１）×ｍ（１．０３）Ｋ（０．８５５）（Ｌ／Ｄ）（０．５５９）。