基于小波网络的大坝变形监测建模与预报

针对BP网络模型收敛速度慢和易陷入局部最小的不足，本文提出将小波网络用于大坝变形监测的拟合和预报，并对浙江省紧水滩拱坝的坝顶径向位移测值建立了小波网络模型，取得了很好的精度。     

基于小波神经网络的GPS高程异常拟合模型探究

利用GPS进行高程测量具有很多优越性,高精度地确定高程异常对于用GPS高程测量部分代替普通几何水准测量具有重要意义。依据BP神经网络和小波神经网络的基本原理,利用实验数据证实了小波神经网络模型比BP神经网络模型和文献[6]模型在GPS高程异常拟合中具有更高的精度,说明小波神经网络在GPS高程异常拟合中具有较强的实用性。     

大坝安全性态的非线性组合监控

利用小波网络构造模型的优化组合函数，以实现对不同的大坝安全监控子模型的非线性组合。将非线性组合函数的拟合转化为小波网络参数的估计，采用遗忘因子法训练网络的权值，利用递推预报误差算法训练尺度因子和平移因子。最后，将该非线性组合模型用于对大坝安全性态的拟合和预测。实例表明，该方法具有很强的泛化能力与自适应数据和函数变化的能力，可以实现大坝安全监控多模型的优化组合，能够有效提高拟合和预测精度。     

嘉陵江流域北碚站年输沙量的变化规律及预测研究

首先利用小波变换对北碚站年输沙量的变化规律进行了研究,结果表明:年输沙量呈现出明显的减少趋势;其次,将小波变换结合BP神经网络建立小波网络模型,并利用该模型对北碚站的年输沙量进行预测,同时将预测结果与BP神经网络模型的预测结果进行了比较。认为在缺乏其它相关资料的情况下,单从输沙量和径流量资料出发,小波网络模型的预测效果明显优于BP神经网络模型。由此表明,小波网络模型不仅能对年输沙量的趋势进行预测,还能对年输沙量的大小进行较为准确的预测,从而为在资料较少的情况下进行输沙量的定量分析提供了一种新的方法。     

嘉陵江北碚站年径流量变化规律及预测研究

首先利用小波变换对北碚站年径流量变化规律进行了研究,结果表明:年径流量呈现出明显的减少趋势,并具有大约9.8a的变化周期.其次结合BP神经网络建立小波网络模型,并利用该模型对北碚站的年径流量进行预测,同时将预测结果与BP神经网络模型的预测结果进行了比较,比较结果表明:小波网络模型对径流变化的预测效果明显优于BP神经网络模型,为径流量的定量分析提供了一种新的方法.     

基于遗传优化BP神经网络的GPS高程异常拟合模型研究

为解决标准BP神经网络模型存在的易陷入极小值、训练时间长、网络不稳定等问题,采用基于实数编码的遗传算法,优化网络初始权值和阈值,构建GPS高程异常拟合模型。通过实测数据进行计算分析,并将该模型的结果与平面拟合、二次曲面拟合及标准BP神经网络模型所得结果比较,得出如下结论:使用遗传优化BP神经网络进行高程异常拟合,模型误差和中误差均较小,故基于遗传优化BP神经网络模型具有较高的精度和较好的稳定性,可以应用于GPS高程异常拟合问题。更多还原     

基于小波消噪及BP神经网络的大坝变形分析

基于港口湾大坝多期变形观测数据,采用Matlab语言、小波消噪及BP神经网络分别建立了基于时间序列和基于环境因素的大坝变形监测BP神经网络模型,并利用模型分别对大坝某点变形值进行预测。时间序列BP模型具有结构简单、学习速率快的特点;环境因素BP模型精度高,可有效反映变形因素,便于拟合预测复杂的测点变形,相对前一种模型能更好地揭示大坝变形规律。两种建模方法先应用小波分析对原始观测数据消噪,训练过程中采用附加动量法等改进BP算法,大大提高了BP神经网络的计算效率,克服了其易陷入局部极小的缺陷,取得了良好的拟合效果和预测精度。     

带偏差单元的递归神经网络及其运用

近年来人工神经网络（ANN）在水文预测和水文分析中的应用越来越多，其中BP网络的应用尤为广泛，不少学者提出了很多基于改进算法的BP网络。通过研究，从改进网络结构出发，首次建立了带偏差单元的递归神经网络，并将它用于径流预测。应用实例表明，该结构的网络模型，通过改进网络结构，能很好地克服原BP模型收敛速度慢，网络学习，记忆不稳定等缺点。拟合，预报精度较原BP模型均有较大提高。     

遗传小波神经网络在大坝变形预测中的应用

针对传统的数学统计模型无法完全描述大坝变形量与多种荷载因素之间非线性映射关系的缺点,引入了一种基于遗传算法的小波神经网络模型,利用该模型对小波神经网络的初始权值、尺度因子进行全局优化搜索,克服了BP神经网络初始化的随机性以及网络易陷入局部极小值的不足,将该模型运用于大坝坝顶的径向、切向位移预测,结果表明,遗传算法优化的小波神经网络模型结构稳定性更好,预测精度较BP神经网络模型、小波神经网络模型有较大提高。     

小波神经网络在柴河水库坝基渗流量预测中的应用

小波神经网络是基于小波变换与人工神经网络的一种前馈型神经网络.文中将小渡神经网络模型应用于柴河水库右坝段坝基渗流量的预测,利用实测资料对其模拟计算结果进行检验.通过与BP神经网络模型的预测结果比较,证明小波网络模型的收敛速度更快、预测精度更高.     

Joint probability distribution of winds and waves from wave simulation of 20 years (1989-2008) in Bohai Bay

The joint probability distribution of wind speed and significant wave height in the Bohai Bay was investigated by comparing the Gumbel logistic model, the Gumbel-Hougaard (GH) copula function, and the Clayton copula function. Twenty years of wind data from 1989 to 2008 were collected from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) database and the blended wind data of the Quick Scatterometer (QSCAT) satellite data set and re-analysis data from the United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Several typhoons were taken into account and merged with the background wind fields from the ECMWF or QSCAT/NCEP database. The 20-year data of significant wave height were calculated with the unstructured-grid version of the third-generation wind wave model Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) under extreme wind process conditions. The Gumbel distribution was used for univariate and marginal distributions. The distribution parameters were estimated with the method of L-moments. Based on the marginal distributions, the joint probability distributions, the associated return periods, and the conditional probability distributions were obtained. The GH copula function was found to be optimal according to the ordinary least squares (OLS) test. The results show that wind waves are the prevailing type of wave in the Bohai Bay.     

Mathcad在不同频率波高换算中的应用

利用Mathcad软件的数学求解功能,计算波浪要素,从不同频率波高分布函数角度出发,对不同频率下的波高进行换算,并与规范方法进行对比,两种方法结果一致,相对误差很小。采用Mathcad进行波浪要素计算及波高换算,值得在工程中加以借鉴和推广。     

Process control of the sand wave migration in Beibu Gulf of the South China Sea

Based on the environment characteristics of the Beibu Gulf of South China Sea, a quasi-three-dimensional physical model is built.By coupling the bottom boundary layer with the two-dimensional tidal current field near the seabed surface, the quasi-three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical simulation is carried out.The sand wave migration process is dealt with by coupling the hydrodynamic model with the sediment transport model.The computational results are shown to be in good agreement with the observed data,...     

波浪辐射应力理论的应用和研究进展

回顾波浪辐射应力张量的概念，前人的研究成果表明微幅波的辐射应力理论是符合实际的．综述波浪辐射应力理论在海洋流体动力学中的应用，分析该理论在研究近岸流的形成、波浪增水和波浪减水、沿岸流流速的沿程分布、破波带内底部反向流的速度分布、河口海岸泥沙运动、海岸碎波拍和波流相互作用等问题中的应用．总结波浪辐射应力的研究进展，包括考虑有限振幅波和不规则波的辐射应力场以及微幅波辐射应力张量沿水深分布的研究，指出辐射应力张量沿水深分布的研究可以为探讨近岸水动力环境的垂直结构以及完善波流相互作用三维数学模型提供理论基础．为深入考察波浪辐射应力张量沿水深分布情况，提出进一步研究的思路．     

THE APPLICATION OF COKELET''''S WAVE THEORY IN THE CALCULATION OF WAVE-CURRENT FIELD

By using Cokelet's wave theory,the limiting wave height and the relative waveangular frequency in wave-current field were calculated in this paper.It is indicated by numeri-cal calculation that if the water depth is not too small,the result given by authors'calculationare very close to the results of limiting wave height by Dalrymple(1975)and to the data of rel-ative wave angular frequency by linear wave theory;but if water depth is rather small,thereare some discrepancy,     

Application of CLEAR-VOF method to wave and flow simulations

A two-dimensional numerical model based on the Navier-Stokes equations and computational Lagrangian-Eulerian advection remap-volume of fluid (CLEAR-VOF) method was developed to simulate wave and flow problems. The Navier-Stokes equations were discretized with a three-step finite element method that has a third-order accuracy. In the CLEAR-VOF method, the VOF function F was calculated in the Lagrangian manner and allowed the complicated free surface to be accurately captured. The propagation of regular waves and solitary waves over a flat bottom, and shoaling and breaking of solitary waves on two different slopes were simulated with this model, and the numerical results agreed with experimental data and theoretical solutions. A benchmark test of dam-collapse flow was also simulated with an unstructured mesh, and the capability of the present model for wave and flow simulations with unstructured meshes, was verified. The results show that the model is effective for numerical simulation of wave and flow problems with both structured and unstructured meshes.     

THE STATISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF IRREGULAR BREAKING WAVE FORCES ON VERTICAL WALLS

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Comparison between wave generation methods for numerical simulation of bimodal seas

This paper describes an investigation of the generation of desired sea states in a numerical wave model. Bimodal sea states containing energetic swell components can be coastal hazards along coastlines exposed to large oceanic fetches. Investigating the effects of long-period bimodal seas requires large computational domains and increased running time to ensure the development of the desired sea state. Long computational runs can cause mass stability issues due to the Stokes drift and wave reflection, which in turn affect results through the variation of the water level. A numerical wave flume, NEWRANS, was used to investigate two wave generation methods: the wave paddle method, allowing for a smaller domain; and the internal mass source function method, providing an open boundary allowing reflected waves to leave the domain.The two wave generation methods were validated against experimental data by comparing the wave generation accuracy and the variance of mass in the model during simulations. Results show that the wave paddle method not only accurately generates the desired sea state but also provides a more stable simulation, in which mass fluctuation has less of an effect on the water depth during the long-duration simulations. As a result, it is suggested that the wave paddle method with active wave absorption is preferable to the internal wave maker option when investigating intermediate-depth long-period bimodal seas for long-duration simulations.     

平面斜坡小波高各向破波压力试验研究

与海洋相比,水库、湖泊等的风成浪波高一般较小。论文分析了现有计算平面斜坡破波压力方法的适用性,通过概化模型试验和数值分析,提出了平面斜坡在小波高波浪作用下的法向破波压力计算公式,公式结构简单,计算方便。并获得波浪冲击点各向破波压力基本相同、可遵循静水质点受压原则的结论。     

用卫星云图确定栅格上地形高度的方法及其应用

对黄河中游无定河地区,直接从像素入手,采用小波分析和三角化等方法处理,将卫星云图信息转换成水文模型计算所需要的高度、坡度等基本资料进行水文模拟计算,并取得较好效果。分析表明在水文学中应用卫星云图遥感信息计算地形,可进行水文模型建立和模拟计算,且能有效提高水文预报的预见期,是卫星云图信息应用于水文领域的一积极方法。