多旋翼无人机在变控制量下的三轴磁罗盘校正

为了在特殊环境下有效使用多旋翼无人机飞行器的磁罗盘,研究了大电流、控制量变化情况下磁罗盘的校正问题,提出了一种磁罗盘自适应校准方法。推导了磁罗盘误差的变化规律并建立了误差模型,分析了硬磁误差随控制量变化的规律,进而提出了一种基于整体最小二乘法的空间直线拟合方法。通过空间直线拟合,将得到的控制量和硬磁补偿的对应关系用于实时调整对空间飞行器的硬磁补偿,最终解决了控制量变化对磁罗盘的影响。进行了实验验证,结果表明:提出的方法可将飞行器控制量变化带来的磁罗盘硬磁误差基本抵消;在实际飞行中,多旋翼无人飞行器的偏航误差可由最大的15°减小到3°以内。本文所给出的方法在控制量变化,大电流情况下使用时,可以很好地校正磁罗盘航向角误差,提高导航精度。     

基于GMR传感器的三轴电子罗盘

针对现有大多数罗盘精度不高的问题,设计了一款基于新型巨磁阻(GMR)传感器芯片的三轴电子罗盘测量系统。该系统采用3个巨磁阻传感器芯片来测量地磁场矢量,采用三轴加速度传感器来测量载体的横滚角和俯仰角,在MSP430单片机中实现姿态转换、航向解算,最终通过RS232接口把航向角数据传输到电脑上。通过对影响罗盘测量精度误差来源的分析,提出了相应的自动校正和磁场补偿算法;在有外界磁场干扰的情况下,采用三维旋转校准,以保证罗盘能够达到较高的精度。研究结果表明,无论是否有外磁场干扰,罗盘经过校准补偿后精度都能够达到1.5°,从而验证了所设计的罗盘能够有效的对磁场干扰进行补偿。     

电子磁罗盘测量误差校正方法研究

针对磁航向测量中存在的各种误差,分析了电子磁罗盘（EMC）系统误差的形成原因与机理,在此基础上系统地研究了在任意姿态下电子磁罗盘磁航向误差校正问题,并且具体给出了2种误差系数的求解方法以及相应的误差补偿方法。实验结果表明,在椭圆假设法中除去该方法不能补偿的安装误差后,其补偿效果与给定基准法相当,二者都能更为简单有效地实现磁航向误差的校正、误差自动补偿和自动校准,且补偿精度高、成本低。     

磁航向测量系统误差修正方法研究

介绍了磁航向测量系统的设计．分析了影响磁航向精度的误差来源及目前磁航向误差补偿算法存在的问题。在此基础上提出一种基于椭圆最佳二乘拟合的新算法．对现有的磁航向误差补偿算法加以改进。试验结果表明，该补偿算法在不以增加硬件复杂度和软件计算量为代价的前提下，能够很好地修正软硬磁场引起的磁航向误差，提高了磁航向测量系统的完整性与实用性。     

组合航向系统中数字磁罗盘的罗差补偿研究

研制了一种由数字磁罗盘和角速度陀螺组成的组合航向系统.为了提高系统的航向精度,本文提出了两种有效的误差补偿方法八位置最小二乘法和椭圆假设补偿法.通过将两种算法应用在HMR3300型数字磁罗盘进行航向测量,分析并比较了两种算法的可行性和有效性.实验结果表明椭圆假设补偿法是一种更为智能的误差补偿算法,它能够实现数字磁罗盘的自动误差补偿和自动校准,误差补偿效果良好.     

电子磁罗盘航向角误差推导及分析

在不考虑罗差影响的前提下,针对产生磁罗盘航向角误差的因素以及各因素的影响程度进行了计算及分析.首先介绍了磁罗盘的工作原理,在此基础上推导了磁航向角误差的计算式,该式表明磁航向角误差与当地磁倾角、载体俯仰角、载体航向角、水平姿态误差有关.基于该式对一般环境下磁航向角误差的仿真结果表明:当磁倾角为45°、水平姿态误差均不超过±0.5°时,磁航向角误差不超过±1°.进一步分别对各误差因素的影响进行了仿真分析,结果表明在高纬度地区或载体具有运动加速度时使用磁罗盘容易造成较大的磁航向角误差.车载实验结果验证了所推导公式的有效性.     

一种带遗忘因子的自适应卡尔曼滤波器及其在移动机器人中的应用

在移动机器人姿态估计过程中,由于难以建立准确的系统模型,导致参数量测不准确。采用一种自适应卡尔曼滤波器,通过加入遗忘因子的方式改变滤波器对状态估计的信任程度,改善了系统中噪声统计模型不准确对测量结果的影响。仿真结果表明,当经验知识不足导致建立姿态测量模型不准确时,自适应卡尔曼滤波器的滤波效果优于传统卡尔曼滤波器,提高了姿态信号的估计精度。     

嵌入式GPS/MIMU/磁罗盘组合导航系统

研制出基于FPGA和DSP的嵌入式GPS/MIMU/磁罗盘组合导航系统。该系统硬件由石英微机械陀螺仪、石英挠性加速度计、GPS接收机、数字磁罗盘和基于FPGA和DSP的高速导航计算机模块等组成。在该系统软件方面,采用圆锥误差补偿与划船误差补偿的现代捷联导航算法和含传感器噪声模型的18维扩展Kalman滤波器,并利用惯性传感器和MIMU导航信息对GPS和磁罗盘信号进行质量控制。经车载试验结果表明,该组合导航系统水平姿态误差小于0.2°,航向角误差小于0.3°,定位精度小于3m。     

基于状态方程磁电编码器角度误差主动监督补偿方法研究

针对磁电编码器角度值易受到高频噪声影响,影响角度值输出精度问题,提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波器及运动状态方程角度值误差主动监督补偿方法。为了降低角度值观测噪声,采用基于运动学状态方程角度值观测方法,有效抑制了磁电编码器角度值观测噪声;提出了基于神经元角度值误差自适应补偿方法,实现了角度值误差观测的自适应收敛过程。针对角度值误差收敛速度缓慢问题,采用基于卡尔曼滤波器角度值误差主动监督补偿方法,调节误差补偿系数进而提高角度值观测误差的收敛速度,经过实验证明所提方法的有效性,在角度值过零点位置的大角度跳变工作位置,采用跟踪性能较好的状态误差调节系数保证了角度值跟踪的一致性。在角度值平滑跟踪状态下,采用所提方法角度值精度从±3°提高到了±0.082°。     

基于阻尼粒子群优化的地磁场测量误差补偿

针对三轴磁力仪在磁场测量过程中的磁干扰问题,提出了基于阻尼粒子群优化算法的磁测误差补偿方法。建立了磁力仪误差和载体磁干扰的一体化误差补偿模型,分别采用阻尼粒子群算法和Two-step方法对非线性观测模型进行参数估计。以质子磁力仪数据作为真值,借助无磁转台充分连续采样,实验结果显示,阻尼粒子群算法对于磁场测量误差具有良好的抑制作用。补偿后,由阻尼粒子群算法和Two-step方法得到的均方根误差分别由1 025.7降至60.304 4、581 n T。结果表明,阻尼粒子群算法取得了更好的补偿效果,补偿精度提高了至少一个数量级,为磁场测量误差提供了一种非常有效的补偿方法。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.