荧光法鉴别苹果汁掺伪的研究

利用荧光分光光度计研究几种不同品牌100％苹果汁的荧光特性以及苹果汁中常见的掺伪物质的荧光特性.通过分析3D扫描图谱,确定最佳工作波长为激发波长379nm,发射波长463nm.配制一系列浓度梯度的标准溶液,并测定其在最佳工作波长下的荧光强度,得到标准曲线及对应的标准曲线方程.同时,试验结果表明掺伪物质在最佳工作波长下并没有明显的荧光特性,不会干扰苹果汁饮料中原果汁含量的测定,但苹果汁的荧光强度随温度升高而有所降低.     

荧光法测定小麦胚中的谷胱甘肽

研究了用荧光分光光度计测定小麦胚中的谷胱甘肽，其荧光的波长为激发波长EX：340nm，发射波长EM：420nm。回收率为99．7％－100．1％，变异系数（CV）为0．423％。     

荧光分光光度计法测定腊肉中维生素C

样品中的VC用偏磷酸钠提取,经2,6-二氯靛酚氧化成脱氢型抗坏血酸后与邻苯二胺(OPDA)反应,生成具有荧光的喹喔啉(quinoxaline),其荧光强度与脱氢抗坏血酸的浓度在一定条件下成正比,以此测定腊肉中VC含量.荧光分光光度计在激发波长360nm,发射波长430nm测定喹喔啉荧光强度.该方法VC的检出限为0.95mg.kg-1,相对标准偏差(RSD) 2.4％,回收率在87.2％～94.3％之间.用荧光分光光度计法和2,4-二硝基苯肼比色法同时测定腊肉中VC,发现二者结果无显著差异,但荧光分光光度计法精密度高于2,4-二硝基苯肼比色法.实验证明,荧光分光光度计法测量腊肉中VC具有灵敏度高、快速、准确等优点.     

荧光光度法测定肉及肉制品中维生素B1

本文介绍用荧光分光光度法测定肉类食品中的维生素B1.样品经人造沸石柱纯化后,在碱性铁氰化钾的氧化作用下,维生素B1转化为具有蓝色荧光的硫色素.用荧光分光光度计在激发波长为365nm、发射波长为435nm处测定其荧光强度.荧光强度与硫色素的含量呈正比.测定结果（n=12）变异系数小于5%,回收率为99～101%.本法经济实用,准确度可靠.     

荧光光度法测定花生红衣提取物中白藜芦醇含量

建立了一种利用荧光分光光度计检测花生红衣提取物中白藜芦醇的新方法,探讨了白藜芦醇荧光光谱检测的最佳条件,其激发波长和发射波长分别是324.06 nm和400.00 nm。白藜芦醇产生的荧光强度与浓度在0~1.68×10-5mol/L的范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限为8.14×10-10mol/L。     

花生红衣提取物中白藜芦醇的荧光光谱特性分析

建立了一种利用荧光分光光度计检测花生红衣提取物中白藜芦醇的新方法,探讨了白藜芦醇荧光光谱检测的最佳条件,其激发波长和发射波长分别是324.06nm和400.00nm。白藜芦醇产生的荧光强度与浓度在0～1.68×10-5mol/L的范围内具有良好的线性关系,检测限为8.14×10-10mol/L。     

分子荧光法快速定量测定干红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的含量

建立了一种利用荧光分光光度计检测干红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的新方法,探讨了白藜芦醇荧光光谱检测的最佳条件,其激发波长和发射波长分别是346.00nm和384.00nm。白藜芦醇产生的荧光强度与浓度在0～1.68×10-5mol/L的范围内具有良好的线性关系,检测限为8.14×10-10mol/L。     

高澄清度浓缩苹果汁工艺试验

前言高澄清度浓缩苹果汁(亦称脱色果汁)不仅要求产品橙清透明,无任何二次沉淀发生;而且要求果汁颜色呈微淡黄色。将浓缩的苹果汁稀释成苹果原汁(即含可溶性固形物10％),在721分光光度计上,于420nm波长处测其吸光度,A≤0.06,于625nm波     

果蔬汁中V_C的测定

建立了一种利用荧光分光光度计检测果蔬汁中VC检测的新方法,用荧光光谱检测VC含量的最佳激发和发射波长分别为342 nm和430 nm。     

HPLC-FLD检测啤酒中4-乙烯基愈创木酚方法的建立及应用

4-乙烯基愈创木酚是以小麦类为原辅料的上面发酵啤酒的典型香气成分.利用该物质荧光特性,在国内首先建立啤酒中4-乙烯基愈创木酚高效液相色谱荧光检测法,并将该方法应用于3种成品啤酒和5种发酵液的检测.所建立的方法如下:C18色谱柱;荧光检测器激发波长259 nm,吸收波长341 nm;流动相为水∶甲醇∶磷酸=399∶600∶1;流速1 mL/min.该方法相对标准偏差0.7236％,回收率91.75％～93.97％,检出限0.005 mg/L.     

同步荧光法结合主成分分析法鉴别橙汁品质

对鲜榨橙汁与市售某品牌橙汁进行同步荧光扫描得到其三维荧光光谱,并从光谱中提取出3 组特征峰。然后结合其中荧光物质的特性,得知这3 组特征峰对应物质分别为VB2、VB6和黄酮类物质。同时,采用主成分分析法结合于激发波长240～640 nm、发射波长与激发波长差为30 nm条件下扫描而得的同步荧光光谱数据对所有橙汁样品进行聚类并识别,效果良好。结果表明：将荧光光谱技术与光谱模式识别方法相结合,可为橙汁品质鉴别提供有力技术支持。     

基于荧光光谱法的植物油加热氧化规律的研究

为了探寻食用植物油加热后的氧化现象与荧光光谱之间的变化规律,采用了分子同步荧光法和LED固定波长激发的发射荧光光谱法,其中同步荧光光谱法的检测条件是激发波长190～800 nm、波长间隔10 nm,LED激发的发射荧光光谱法的检测条件是固定激发波长为425 nm,同时检测了5种食用植物油(一级大豆油、花生调和油、色拉油、芝麻油、棕榈油)不同加热时间下的两种荧光光谱,发现食用植物油随着加热时间的延长,其同步荧光光谱和固定波长激发的荧光光谱都呈规律性变化,同步荧光光谱的变化更具明显,加热后的分子同步荧光光谱在430～490 nm波长区域都产生了新的荧光峰,试验表明植物油的荧光分析可作为研究食用植物油加热氧化过程的一种手段,试验证明,通过分析同步荧光光谱的变化可以定性分析常用食用植物油的氧化程度,并可以区别出5种食用植物油的种类。     

HPLC-DAD-FLD同时测定柑橘果汁中12种多甲氧基黄酮和香豆素类物质

建立高效液相色谱-串联二极管阵列检测器和荧光检测器(high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-fluorescence detector,HPLC-DAD-FLD)同时检测柑橘果汁中12种多甲氧基黄酮、香豆素及呋喃香豆素类物质的方法。以0.01%磷酸、甲醇、乙腈组成三元流动相进行梯度洗脱,12种物质在30 min内实现基线分离。利用DAD和FLD获得各物质的紫外和荧光光谱信息,将柑橘果汁样品组分的光谱与之比对,并结合色谱保留时间,实现样品成分的定性分析。分别以320 nm和450 nm为紫外和荧光的检测波长,研究该方法的定量性能。结果显示:标准曲线线性关系良好;荧光定量限低至μg/L级,可作为紫外定量的重要补充手段;果汁回收率的紫外和荧光检测值分别为95.2%~104.8%和94.5%~103.5%。该方法对样品定性、定量分析准确,适合柑橘多甲氧基黄酮、香豆素等能发射荧光物质的检测。     

ClO_2与Vc对苹果汁褐变与澄清的影响

以富士苹果为试材,研究了ClO2与VC对苹果汁褐变的影响。在380～600nm波长范围内,ClO2与Vc对苹果汁吸收曲线都没有影响。用4、6、8mg/L的ClO2处理苹果汁有一定的防褐作用,10mg/L和12mg/LClO2处理的苹果汁色度略高于对照。单独用Vc防褐,尤其是无法避免接触氧时,效果不理想。用ClO2与Vc协同处理时,苹果汁色度变化受添加顺序的影响。添加ClO2利于苹果汁澄清,也利于保持苹果汁的澄清。     

Optimization of a fluorescence sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice

Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, especially when coupled with biosensor technology, is a simple methodology that can rapidly screen juices for Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination. However, sampling directly from apple juice and ciders has been postulated to reduce immunoassay sensitivity. In fluorescence sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using commercially available polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, sampling pasteurized apple juice spiked with E. coli O157:H7 compared to spiked phosphate-buffered saline shifted the range of detection. The spiked apple juice range of detection was 10(4) to 10(6) CFU/ml, whereas that for spiked phosphate-buffered saline was 10(6) to 10(8) CFU/ml, representing a hundredfold difference in sensitivity. Apple juice also increased background fluorescence intensity (P < 0.001) while reducing the net fluorescence intensity per CFU (P < 0.001). The addition of the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone to apple juice significantly improved assay performance by increasing sensitivity and net fluorescence intensity per CFU and by reducing background fluorescence. Adjusting pH of apple juice from 3.9 to 7.4 improved assay performance but not to the degree seen with phosphate-buffered saline or polyvinylpyrrolidone-treated apple juice samples. The apple juice polyphenol, epicatechin, reduced net fluorescence intensity in a concentration-dependent manner, a change that was reversed by polyvinylpyrrolidone. Taken all together, these results suggest that polyvinylpyrrolidone can improve detection of O157:H7 in juices by reducing the effect of polyphenols on fluorescence sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performance.     

Influence of PET and PET/PEN Blend Packaging on Ascorbic Acid and Color in Juices Exposed to Fluorescent and UV Light

ABSTRACT: Apple and orange juices packed in polyester bottles were stored in dark, intense fluorescent (1500 lux), and UV light conditions in temperature-controlled (22 °C) chambers and monitored more than 7 mo for ascorbic acid content and color changes. Polyester beverage bottles were made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or PET blended with 0.25%, 1%, and 4% polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The cut-off wavelength ranged from 322 nm for PET to 373 nm for the 4% PEN/PET blend. Spectral irradiance, visible light intensity, and light distribution were evaluated in the light chambers and compared with supermarket display lighting and outdoor daylight conditions. Only the UV chamber and sunlight showed significant irradiance at wavelengths below 400 nm. Ascorbic acid (AA) degradation and concurrent color changes occurred in both juices during storage in all 3 lighting conditions and in all 4 bottle types. Zero-order reaction kinetics described the AA degradation rate for all treatments. Apple juice stored in UV had a significantly higher ( P < 0.05) AA degradation rate than juice stored in the dark or in fluorescent light. Under UV conditions, apple juice in PET/ PEN bottles had a lower AA degradation rate than the juice in PET bottles. AA degradation in orange juice was less affected by UV exposure than in apple juice. Both juices darkened over time when stored in dark and fluorescent conditions, whereas UV exposure caused some initial bleaching of color before darkening. The bleaching effect was reduced in apple juice stored in the PET/PEN bottles.     

EFFECT OF PECTINOLYTIC AND AMYLOLYTIC ENZYMES ON APPLE JUICE TURBIDITY

The mechanisms governing the enzymatic clarification of apple juice were studied by electron microscopy techniques. Full ripe and unripe apple juice samples (Granny Smith) were treated with commercial pectinase (Solvay 5XLHA) and amylase (Röhalase HT) enzymes, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that commercial amylolytic enzymes quickly reduced starch content in unripe apple juice to undetectable values. It was also observed that after pasteurization of this juice (90C, 5 min) all starch granules gelatinized. Using transmission electron microscopy, it was possible to observe pectin bonded to ripe apple juice particles. This protective colloid is known to be responsible for cloudy juice stability. The effect of pectic enzyme to destroy the protective pectin colloid was also detected with this technique. As a result of the enzymatic treatment, average particle size initially increased from 1000 to 1500 nm and decreased thereafter to ≈1100 nm, and Z‐potential increased in absolute values from ?9.6 to ?11.4 mV. It was speculated that the destruction of the weak pectin net by the action of the specific enzyme caused particle aggregation, followed by the collapse of aggregates, increasing the number of particles <500 nm.     

馥郁香型白酒三维荧光光谱特征分析研究

采用Aqualog荧光光谱仪测定馥郁香型湘泉、酒鬼、内参酒三维荧光光谱，并分析其荧光光谱特征。结果表明，激发波长在200～300 nm范围激发时，湘泉酒有3个荧光峰，分别在λex/λem(224 nm/305 nm)、λex/λem(242 nm/426 nm)和λex/λem(299 nm/408 nm)左右；酒鬼酒有2个荧光峰，分别在λex/λem(224 nm/305 nm)和λex/λem(242 nm/426 nm)左右；内参酒只有一个荧光峰，在λex/λem(227 nm/305 nm)左右。三种酒在激发波长305 nm左右的荧光峰强度逐渐降低。在激发波长300 nm以上激发时均出现了两个荧光峰，分别在λex/λem(359 nm/433 nm)和λex/λem(371 nm/436 nm)左右，是三种酒类的主荧光峰，反映多种微量风味物质与乙醇-水通过氢键形成团簇分子荧光峰特征，两个荧光峰强度随着白酒等级增加呈现逐渐增强的趋势，体现着馥郁香型白酒荧光光谱特征。     

苹果汁中果汁含量测定方法研究

原果汁含量是苹果汁及其饮料的主要质量指标,也是判定苹果汁是否掺假的重要依据。通过对6个产地5个品种自制苹果汁的部分组分进行研究,找出与苹果汁含量有良好定量关系的特征性组分——钾、总磷和氨基酸态氮,以它们作为苹果汁含量测定参数,并且确定了各组分的标准值、权值分配方案及异常数据修正原则。据此,推导出苹果汁含量计算公式;同时按此法对自制的苹果汁和市售的6个品牌的苹果汁进行了果汁含量测定,进一步验证了此方法的可行性。此方法可用于苹果汁果汁含量测定或用于鉴别苹果汁的真伪。