黄曲霉毒素检测方法

黄曲霉毒素M1是黄曲霉产生的毒素,物理化学性质相当稳定,不被巴氏消毒法破坏。哺乳类动物摄入被黄曲霉毒素B1污染的饲料或食品后,通过羟基化作用转化成黄曲霉毒素M1。动物可通过进食被污染的饲料接触到黄曲霉毒素。因此,大多数国家都限制食品或饲料中黄曲霉素B1的含量。本文主要介绍了黄曲霉毒素的检测方法。     

酶联免疫法定量检测黄曲霉毒素B_1

黄曲霉毒素是多种霉菌产生的有毒代谢物,主要是由黄曲霉和寄生曲霉产生的次生代谢产物,主要包括四种亚型,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2,其中B1毒性最强。黄曲霉毒素存在于谷物、坚果、棉花籽及其他食品或饲料中,在湿热地区食品和饲料中出现的机率最高,它是一种强烈的致癌物。对于乳品行业,当奶牛被饲养被污染黄曲霉毒素B1的饲料后,黄曲霉毒素B1通过羟基化作用转化成黄曲霉毒素M1,进而污染牛奶。黄曲霉毒素M1结构稳定,在牛奶加工过程中甚至是巴氏消毒都无法将其去除,直至最后被人体摄入。因此大多数国家都限制食品或饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量。     

我国主要食品中黄曲霉毒素B_1的调查分析

含油脂高的食品在贮存的过程容易引起霉变,尤其是被黄曲霉污染而导致黄曲霉毒素B1污染。人食用含黄曲霉毒素B1超标的食品,会导致肝脏损伤甚至发生癌变。为了解我国各类食品中黄曲霉毒素B1的安全现状,对我国主要城市的各类食品进行调查分析,建立我国食品中黄曲霉毒素B1的应急对策。     

乳酸菌对真菌毒素的吸附效果研究

本文探讨了乳酸菌吸附黄曲霉毒素B1的强度及被吸附的黄曲霉毒素B1的致突变性。将乳酸菌细胞与黄曲霉毒素B1在生理盐水中相混合,在37℃振荡培养60min和120min后检测生理盐水中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量,同时利用Ames试验检测被吸附的黄曲霉毒素B1的致突变性。结果表明。在使用的8株乳酸菌中,乳酸菌结合黄曲霉毒素B1的强度在4%-50％之间,其中干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种CGMCC1.539吸附黄曲霉毒素B1能力最强。Ames试验表明,被结合的黄曲霉毒素B1仍有较强的致突变性。     

乳酸菌对黄曲霉毒素B1吸附作用的研究

为研究生物防霉去毒，探讨了乳酸菌吸附黄曲霉毒素B1的强度及被吸附的黄曲霉毒素B1的致突变性。将乳酸菌细胞与黄曲霉毒B1在生理盐水中相混合，在37℃振荡培养60min和120min后检测生理盐水中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量，同时利用Ames试验检测被吸附的黄曲霉毒素B1的致突变性。结果表明，在使用的8株乳酸菌中，乳酸菌结合黄曲霉毒素B1的强度在4％—50％之间，其中干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种CCMCCl．539吸附黄曲霉毒素B，能力最强。Ames试验表明，被结合的黄曲霉毒素B1仍有较强的致突变性。     

超高效液相色谱法测定食用油中黄曲霉毒素

正黄曲霉毒素是由黄曲霉菌和寄生曲霉菌产生的一组毒性极强的真菌毒素代谢物,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1,和G2普遍存在于霉变的粮食及粮食制品中,能引起人急性中毒死亡,与人患肝癌有密切关系。黄曲霉毒素比较耐热,加热至230℃才能被完全破坏,因此一般烹饪加工也不易消除。基于黄曲霉毒素对人体的致毒致癌危害,目前,我国对其在食品中的含量作了严格规定。因此分析测定食品中黄曲霉     

发酵果酒中黄曲霉毒素B-1浅析

黄曲霉毒素（ AFT ）是目前世界上公认的强致癌物质之一。由于其分布广、毒性大,对人畜、家禽健康的威胁大,世界各国和联合国有关组织都制定了食品、饲料中黄曲霉毒素B;（AFTB1）最高允许量的标准。我国1981年颁布的食品中黄曲霉毒素B1允许量标准》--GB     

黄曲霉毒素B1在食品检测中的研究新进展

黄曲霉毒B1作为黄曲霉毒素产物当中对人体最具威胁的物质,直接危害到人体肝脏器官,并导致其出现突变、畸形等状况。因此,为了避免黄曲霉毒素B1对人体所带来的毒害需加强其含量检测。基于此,本文从黄曲霉毒素B1在食品检测当中重要性入手,对当前检测新技术进行了有效的分析,以供参考。     

黄曲霉毒素B族和G族高效液相柱后衍生检测方法的研究

通过改变均质步骤、进样体积、碘液浓度及流速来优化柱后碘衍生法检测食品中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的含量。在优化条件下,黄曲霉毒素B1、G1检出限可达0.4 ng/m L,B2、G2可达0.2 ng/m L,回收率87.1%~123.1%之间。结果表明,该方法简便快速,回收率高,重复性好,适用于花生酱、花生、大米等食品中黄曲霉毒素含量检测的需要。     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测黄曲霉毒素B1的研究

本文应用胶体金免疫层析技术,建立了一种快速检测食品中黄曲霉毒素B1的方法。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,标记抗黄曲霉毒素B1单克隆抗体并喷于玻璃纤维上,黄曲霉毒素B1偶联抗原和二抗鼠抗驴分别结合于硝酸纤维膜上,依次将样本垫、胶金垫、硝酸纤维膜和吸水纸组装切割成胶体金试纸条并装入检测卡中。测试结果表明黄曲霉毒素B1快速检测试纸条的灵敏度为5ng/ml,检测时间为10min,批内和批间重复性为100%,假阳性率和假阴性率均为0。使用简单方便,非常适合现场快速检测黄曲霉毒素B1。     

Biotransformation and detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by extracellular extract of Cladosporium uredinicola

Food Science and Biotechnology - Aflatoxin contamination of food and grain poses a serious economic and health problem globally. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is extremely mutagenic and toxic as well as a...     

Surface binding of aflatoxin B1 by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with potential decontaminating abilities in indigenous fermented foods

Saccharomyces cerevisiae constitutes one of the most important microorganisms involved in food fermentations throughout the world. Aflatoxin B(1) binding abilities of S. cerevisiae strains isolated from indigenous fermented foods from Ghana, West Africa were tested in vitro. Results show that aflatoxin binding was strain specific with 7 strains binding 10-20%, 8 strains binding 20-40% and 3 strains binding more than 40% of the added aflatoxin B(1) when grown and incubated under standard conditions. Binding by two of the strains was further characterized. Highest binding capacity was seen with cells collected at the exponential growth phase with the strains A18 and 26.1.11 binding 53.0 and 48.8% of the total toxin respectively and the binding reduced towards the stationary phase. Aflatoxin B(1) binding increased steadily when the cells were incubated with 1 to 20 microg/ml of aflatoxin B(1). Binding was not affected by the cells grown at temperatures ranging from 20 to 37 degrees C, but was significantly reduced at 15 degrees C. Binding seems to be a physical phenomenon with cells treated at 52, 55 and 60 degrees C for 5 and 10 min or 120 degrees C for 20 min binding significantly higher quantities (more than 2-fold in 120 degrees C treated cells) of aflatoxin B(1) than their viable counterpart. Similarly, when the cells were treated with 2 M HCl for 1 h, up to 2-fold increase in binding was observed. The results obtained show that some strains of S. cerevisiae, viable or non-viable, are effective aflatoxin binders and these properties should be considered in the selection of starter cultures for relevant indigenous fermented foods where high aflatoxin level is a potential health risk.     

Proportion of aflatoxin B1 contaminated kernels and its concentration in imported peanut samples

Moldy and split peanut kernels were separated from peanuts exported from Brazil, Sudan, India and Taiwan by visual inspection. The remaining peanuts from Brazil, Sudan and India were roasted lightly and the skins were removed. Stained peanuts were separated from the others. Aflatoxin was detected in moldy and stained peanuts. There was a positive correlation between % of aflatoxin-contaminated peanut kernels and aflatoxin B1 concentration in whole samples. Aflatoxin concentration of moldy peanuts was higher than that of stained peanut kernels.     

QuEChERS萃取-UPLC-MS/MS测定花生酱中黄曲霉毒素B1方法的研究

建立了QuEChERS萃取-UPLC-MS/MS测定花生酱中黄曲霉毒素B1的快速检测方法。样品首先经过1%甲酸-乙腈溶液提取,提取液采用QuEChERS净化试剂(250mg MgSO4+100mg HC-C18+50mg PSA)净化后上机,UPLC-MS/MS正离子源多反应模式检测,外标法定量。黄曲霉毒素B1在1.0~5.0ng/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数(R^2)>0.999,4个水平的添加目标分析物黄曲霉毒素B1的回收率在81.7%~93.5%范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4%~5.6%,检出限为0.03μg/kg;该试验方法具有简单、高效、经济、准确、回收率高、精密度好的优点,适用于花生酱样品中黄曲霉毒素B1的快速检测。     

Occurrence of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) in herbal tea consumed in Turkey

Aflatoxin contents in 12 types of herbal teas were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector using immunoaffinity column clean-up. Forty eight samples were collected from four local herbal shops in Manisa, Turkey. Of the 48 samples analyzed, 43 were aflatoxin positive. The highest concentration of aflatoxin (34.18 µg/kg) was determined in a sample of camomile tea. The occurrence of AFB1, B2, G1 and G2 was found in samples at levels of 54, 29, 71 and 46 %, respectively. Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 contamination levels varied from 0 to 14.2, 0 to 12.4, 0 to 13.5 and 0 to 28.7 µg/kg, respectively. Aflatoxin was not detected in five samples consisting of linseed, lime and fennel tea.     

黄曲霉毒素B1致肝脏损伤作用机制的研究进展

黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1, AFB1)是一种毒性极强的真菌毒素, 也是诱发肝癌的重要危险因素之一。AFB1与乙肝病毒两者协同致癌作用比单因素乙肝病毒诱发肝癌高约30~60倍。AFB1进入体内后主要通过引发DNA损伤发挥毒性作用, 其中DNA-加合物是最常见的损伤形式, 而表观遗传修饰的改变在其致肝脏损伤中也发挥着显著的作用。本文综述了近年来AFB1致肝脏损伤的相关研究进展, 总结出AFB1可能的致癌机制, 以期为防治黄曲霉毒素引起的肝脏损伤提供理论依据。     

Determination of aflatoxin B1 in dried figs by visual screening, thin-layer chromatography and ELISA

Aflatoxin B1-contaminated fruits were sorted out from 250 kg dried figs (five Turkish and three Greek batches) by bright-greenish-yellow fluorescence under UV light. The aflatoxins of the fluorescent figs were extracted by simple soaking in methanol. Aflatoxin B1 was determined by thin-layer chromatography. Parallel to this, an extraction for the determination of aflatoxin B1 was developed by a competitive ELISA and the two methods were compared with each other. In a highly contaminated batch of Turkish figs, statistically there was one fig among 350 which had a high aflatoxin content (greater than 100 ng/g fig) and one fig amongst 140 fruits with an aflatoxin B1 content of greater than 10 ng B1/g fig.     

2016~2018年坚果炒货食品国家食品安全监督抽检结果分析

目的 分析2016~2018年我国坚果炒货食品的安全形势。方法 汇总2016~2018年坚果炒货食品国家食品安全监督抽检结果, 对其不合格项目等信息进行分析。结果 2016~2018年共抽检坚果炒货食品2554批次, 检出不合格样品50批次, 总体不合格率为1.96%, 且3年来不合格率逐年上升。网购产品的不合格率显著高于非网购产品。开心果类、松仁类、核桃类坚果炒货食品的不合格率分别为7.64%, 7.41%和7.27%, 不合格项目主要为霉菌、二氧化硫残留量、过氧化值、酸价和大肠菌群等。此外, 花生类坚果炒货食品中检出黄曲霉毒素B1超标产品3批次。结论 开心果类、松仁类、核桃类坚果炒货食品的不合格率偏高, 不合格原因主要是霉菌、大肠菌群污染和过氧化值超标, 花生类的黄曲霉毒素B1污染问题也应引起重视。     

ELISA法测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1不确定度评定

目的本实验对酶联免疫法检测牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1含量的测定结果进行不确定度的评定,确保检测结果的准确性及可靠性。方法实验分析了酶联免疫法测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1的不确定度的分量及其来源,并通过计算各分量的不确定度得出检测结果的合成标准不确定度。结果酶联免疫法测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1的浓度为45.741 pg/m L,扩展不确定度为11.704 pg/m L,置信水平P=95%,k=2。结论不确定度的主要来源为测量的重复性、试剂盒的灵敏度、标准曲线拟合,而酶标仪测定OD值、ELISA法操作过程中导致的不确定度可以忽略不计。选用酶联免疫法检测黄曲霉毒素M1时增加平行样的测定、注意试剂盒的灵敏度、保持标准曲线的稳定性对于提高酶联免疫法检测的准确性和可靠性具有较强的实用价值。