协同软件工程工具评价模型研究

协同软件工程（Collaborative Software Engineering,简称CSE）是一个快速发展的领域,各种协同软件工程工具层出不穷,既有商业化的集成开发环境,也有一些实验原型。但就其支持协同的本质而言,还需要做深入的研究。在分析了国内外对CSE工具的研究与开发的基础上,文章提出了协同软件工程工具评价体系Co-Workstyle模型。该模型给出了评价CSE工具的四个核心指标：感知、同步、制品、协调,并用于对现有的协同软件工程工具进行分析。     

Principles and Tools for Collaborative Entity-Based Intelligence Analysis

Software tools that make it easier for analysts to collaborate as a natural part of their work will lead to better analysis that is informed by more perspectives. We are interested to know if software tools can be designed that support collaboration even as they allow analysts to find documents and organize information (including evidence, schemas, and hypotheses). We have modified the Entity Workspace system, described previously, to test such designs. We have evaluated the resulting design in both a laboratory study and a study where it is situated with an analysis team. In both cases, effects on collaboration appear to be positive. Key aspects of the design include an evidence notebook optimized for organizing entities (rather than text characters), information structures that can be collapsed and expanded, visualization of evidence that emphasizes events and documents (rather than emphasizing the entity graph), and a notification system that finds entities of mutual interest to multiple analysts. Long-term tests suggest that this approach can support both top-down and bottom-up styles of analysis.     

Argumentation Models for Usability Problem Analysis in Individual and Collaborative Settings

Consolidating usability problems (UPs) from problem lists from several users can be a cognitively demanding task for evaluators. It has been suggested that collaboration between evaluators can help this process. In an attempt to learn how evaluators make decisions in this process, the authors studied what justification evaluators give for extracting UPs and their consolidation when working both individually and collaboratively. An experiment with eight novice usability evaluators was carried out where they extracted UPs and consolidated them individually and then collaboratively. The data were analyzed by using conventional content analysis and by creating argumentation models according to the Toulmin model. The results showed that during UP, extraction novice usability evaluators could put forward warrants leading to clear claims when probed but seldom added qualifiers or rebuttals. Novice usability evaluators could identify predefined criteria for a UP when probed and this could be acknowledged as a backing to warrants. In the individual settings, novice evaluators had difficulty in presenting claims and warrants for their decisions on consolidation. Although further study is needed, the results of the study indicated that collaborating pairs had a tendency to argue slightly better than individuals. Through the experiment novice evaluators’ reasoning patterns during problem extraction and consolidation as well as during their assessment of severity and confidence could be identified.     

The CKC Challenge: Exploring Tools for Collaborative Knowledge Construction

A new generation of tools supports the integration of Web 2.0 and semantic Web approaches. Some of these tools-such as Semantic MediaWiki (http://meta.wikimedia. org/wiki/SemanticMediaWiki), BOWiki, (http://onto.eva. mpg.de/bowiki), and Platypus Wiki (http://platypuswiki. sourceforge.net)-provide wiki extensions for creating semantic links between pages. Other tools let users organize tags in some semantic structure, and fully fledged ontology editors such as pOWL support the distributed and collaborative development of ontologies. Commercial tools such as Freebase (http://freebase.com) are also entering the field. Most of these tools are in early development-the collaborative-knowledge-construction field is in its infancy. Few, if any, user studies outline what users expect from such tools and what does or doesn't work. So, we organized the collaborative knowledge construction challenge. The CKC challenge let users try different tools and provide feedback to help us assess the state of the art.     

Software Tools for DNA Sequence Design

The design of DNA sequences is a key problem for implementing molecular self-assembly with nucleic acid molecules. These molecules must meet several physical, chemical and logical requirements, mainly to avoid mishybridization. Since manual selection of proper sequences is too time-consuming for more than a handful of molecules, the aid of computer programs is advisable. In this paper two software tools for designing DNA sequences are presented, the DNASequenceGenerator and the DNASequenceCompiler. Both employ an approach of sequence dissimilarity based on the uniqueness of overlapping subsequences and a graph based algorithm for sequence generation. Other sequence properties like melting temperature or forbidden subsequences are also regarded, but not secondary structure errors or equilibrium chemistry. Fields of application are DNA computing and DNA-based nanotechnology. In the second part of this paper, sequences generated with the DNASequenceGenerator are compared to those from several publications of other groups, an example application for the DNASequenceCompiler is presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of the presented approach are discussed.     

System Virtualization Tools for Software Development

The configuration complexity of preproduction sites coupled with access-control mechanisms often impede the software development life cycle. Virtualization is a cost-effective way to remove such barriers and provide a test environment similar to the production site, reducing the burden in IT administrators. An eclipse-based virtualization tool framework can offer developers a personal runtime environment for launching and testing their applications. The authors have followed a model-driven architecture (MDA) approach that integrates best-of-breed virtualization technologies, such as Xen and VDE.     

软件需求工程——方法及工具

文中从需求工程的基本概念和研究内容出发,简单介绍了需求工程生命周期和需求规范等概念;比较全面地总结了现有的有代表性的需求工程开发方法和工具,对其中一些重要的方法及工具作了分类和评述.     

Requirements-Based Visualization Tools for Software Maintenance and Evolution

Developing well-formed software visualization tools requires increased empirical study of programmers' information requirements.     

Risk Management for Collaborative Software Development

Collaborative software development involving multiple organizational units, often spanning national, language, and cultural boundaries, raises new challenges and risks that can derail software development projects even when traditional risk factors are being controlled. This article presents a framework that can be used to manage collaborative software development projects, based on an extended set of risk management principles. Three risk factors — trust, culture, and collaborative communication — are discussed in depth.     

Collaborative Problem Solving and Groupware for Software Development

When a group is working together toward a common goal, communication and collaboration are key. This is especially true in software development where a project of any significance involves groups of people. Collaborative problem-solving techniques and groupware technology can be a boon to software development because they enhance communication and cooperation. This article examines how software development is affected by collaborative problem solving and decision making, groupware theory and tools, and group cognition and psychology. It also analyzes collaboration tools and their correlation to problem solving and group characteristics.     

多媒体对象的组织与结构化检索

多媒体的结构化检索具有广泛的应用前景，但多媒体的检索技术尚不成熟。多媒体数据模型的复杂性，连续媒体基于内容检索的低效，以及缺乏适用的查询语言，都使得多媒体检索困难重重。英国肯特大学新近研制的多媒体检索系统在多媒体检索的相关领域取得了一定的突破。这个系统把用户视图中的多媒体对象组织成具有层次结构的虚拟数据库，使用属性来标识数据库中多媒体对象索引的特征；查询代理机允许用户直观地构造查询过程－包括一个结     

协作笔式用户界面开发工具研究

笔式用户界面是一种重要的Post-WIMP(window icon menu pointer)界面,它给用户提供了自然的交互方式.然而,当前的笔式用户界面工具箱大多是面向单用户任务的,不能很好地支持协作应用场景.通过对笔式交互特征和协作环境功能需求的分析,设计并实现了一个工具箱CoPen Toolkit,用于支持协作笔式用户界面的开发.它提供了灵活的架构和可扩展的组件,支持笔迹描述、事件处理和网络协作等功能.基于CoPen Toolkit,构造了多个原型系统,实践表明,它能够很好地支持协作笔式用户界面的开发.     

协同多媒体菱工具中演示文档的同步模型

多媒体演示文档的协同菱对文档本身的结构与同步模型提出了一定的要求。为了便于面向对象的实现以及灵活多粒度的共享，提出了一个协同多媒体著作工具中分布交互式多媒体文档的同步模型。在此模型中，文档结构分为三层：页面层、对象组层及单媒体对象层，根据各层的特点，其同步分别采用基于跳转、基于事件及基于时间的策略。     

Case-Based Knowledge Management Tools for Software Development

Modern software development is a knowledge-intensive activity. The proliferation of development tools, rapidly changing technology, and increasing complexity and diversity of application domains all increase the cognitive burden placed on software developers. General purpose programming languages and CASE tools offer little relief from these problems. Knowledge management tools are needed that can effectively capture and disseminate software development knowledge that applies to the domain-specific needs of an organization. This knowledge is not static, but evolves with technology and the changing needs of the organizations development practices, customer base, and business milieu.This paper presents an infrastructure that supports evolving knowledge through case-based techniques and domain analysis methods that capture emerging knowledge and synthesize it into generally applicable forms. The approach is less concerned with the veracity of knowledge in its repository than evolving the knowledge toward answers to problems that fit the organizations technical and business context. Implications of this approach go beyond supporting software development to other knowledge-intensive professions where knowledge management tools can be used to support an organizational memory.     

Rules and Tools for Software Evolution Planning and Management

When first formulated in the early seventies, the laws of software evolution were, for a number of reasons, not widely accepted as relevant to software engineering practice. Over the years, however, they have gradually become recognised as providing useful inputs to understanding of the software process. Now eight in number, they have been supplemented by the software uncertainty principle and the FEAST (Feedback, Evolution And Software Technology) hypothesis. Based on all these and on the further results of the FEAST research projects this paper develops and presents some fifty rules for application in software system process planning and management and indicates tools available or that could usefully be developed to support their application. The listing is structured according to the laws that encapsulate the observed phenomena and that lead to the recommendations. Each sublist is preceded by a textual discussion providing at least some of the reasoning that has led to the recommended procedures. The references direct the interested reader to the literature that records observed behaviours, interpretations, models and metrics obtained from industrially evolved systems, and from which the recommendations were derived.     

基于WWW的协同式CAI软件的Java实现

随着因特网和校园网的发展,网络课件需求越来越大,它的优势也表现得越来越明显。本文主要介绍依托Java技术实现的一种计算机辅助教学软件,从系统功能、系统的总体设计和几个技术关键等方面阐述了系统开发的基本原理和方法,对如何使用Java技术开发教学软件作了较为详细的介绍。     

传输触发结构ASIP软件工具的自动定制

软件工具在ASIP设计中扮演了非常重要的角色,自动定制软件工具对于提高ASIP设计的自动化程度意义重大．详细分析了传输触发结构（TTA）ASIP软件工具的自动定制问题,提出了扩展指令、目标代码编码、保留表等关键体系结构描述信息的自动生成方法．其中,扩展指令信息通过合并相关基准指令的语法树及其他描述信息获得;目标代码编码通过对功能单元端口和寄存器端口分类并顺序编号获得;指令保留表则通过分析指令执行过程中数据传输的时序与资源使用情况获得．实验结果表明,该方法灵活简单,当ASIP的指令集和其他体系结构信息变化时可以自动生成相应的软件工具,并能够保证软件工具的效率．     

基于特性的软件需求管理工具的研究与应用

需求管理是软件项目管理的一项重要任务。需求管理的目标是管理和控制需求，维护软件计划、产品和活动与需求的一致性，并保证用户的需求最终得到实现。近年来，市场上出现了一些辅助进行需求管理的软件工具，但那些产品总的来说都价格昂贵且不易部署和使用。文中将从需求管理的理论入手，抓住需求管理的关键问题，在容易获取的基础软件平台上实现了一个需求管理辅助工具——WSSRMS，实际项目的应用表明该工具实用、有效。