Internationalization and localization: evaluating and testing a Website for Asian users

The objective of this study was to combine internationalization and localization of Websites and improvement of Website usability with user-centred design methods. This study designed for internationalization and localization of Websites for Asian users, and implemented usability engineering into every phase of Website usability testing, based on the internationalization and localization perspectives of the honeywell.com/your home Website. The first step was to develop the usage scenarios. Three Asian usability specialists carried out one heuristic evaluation session for the current honeywell.com/your home Website. The usability problems were analysed and possible solutions to these problems were discussed. In the next phase, cluster analysis was utilized to test current information architecture. The results provided options for future information architecture development for this Website. Finally, a performance measurement test was conducted to investigate the performance for Asian users. Based on the results, suggestions for improving the Website usability from the localization perspective were provided. The results demonstrate the user-centred design (UCD) approach and stress international and local issues in Website development to Website designers.     

Internationalization and localization: evaluating and testing a Website for Asian users

The objective of this study was to combine internationalization and localization of Websites and improvement of Website usability with user-centred design methods. This study designed for internationalization and localization of Websites for Asian users, and implemented usability engineering into every phase of Website usability testing, based on the internationalization and localization perspectives of the honeywell.com/your home Website. The first step was to develop the usage scenarios. Three Asian usability specialists carried out one heuristic evaluation session for the current honeywell.com/your home Website. The usability problems were analysed and possible solutions to these problems were discussed. In the next phase, cluster analysis was utilized to test current information architecture. The results provided options for future information architecture development for this Website. Finally, a performance measurement test was conducted to investigate the performance for Asian users. Based on the results, suggestions for improving the Website usability from the localization perspective were provided. The results demonstrate the user-centred design (UCD) approach and stress international and local issues in Website development to Website designers.     

The impact of Internet interactivity and need for closure on consumer preference

The Internet is used by an ever-increasing number of people worldwide. However, there is little understanding of the interaction between Internet technology and the behavior of different human personality types. This article focuses on the impact of the need for closure on the desired level of interactivity of a given Website. For this experiment, four commercialized Websites were created: (1) flat—with no hyperlinks and no time pressure; (2) flat with time pressure; (3) interactive with no time pressure; and (4) interactive with time pressure. All of the Websites contained identical information presented in different ways. The interaction between need for closure as a personality variable and as a situational variable and level of interactivity of the Website as a variable on consumer behavior was examined. A 2 (high need for closure vs. low need for closure)×2 (time pressure vs. no time pressure)×2 (interactive vs. non-interactive Website) between-subjects design was used. One hundred and eighty-two experienced Web surfers took part in the experiment, and were randomly assigned to one of the Websites. After surfing they completed a questionnaire about their level of satisfaction with the Website, their willingness to purchase the product offered there, and their wish to return to the Website. It was predicted that people with a high need for closure would prefer a Website with fewer hyperlinks, while people with a low need for closure would prefer a Website containing more hyperlinks. Results confirmed our predictions with regard to the conditions without time pressure. In contrast, when participants were under time pressure, the results were completely reversed: People with a low need for closure preferred the flat Website and those with a high need for closure preferred an interactive Website. The implications of the results on Website design are discussed.     

基于网站安全的解决方案

国际互联网发展到现在,由于网站具有信息量多,信息更新速度快、建立网站对宣传形象有很好的效果,于是大多数企业,机构,政府部门都开始建立自己的网站.但与此同时,网络黑客、网络病毒也无孔不入,干扰着网站的正常运行.如果网站被黑客破坏,那不但起不到宣传的正面效果,反而会起一些负面作用.因此,网站安全也成为很多拥有网站的各种机构...     

Creating user-adapted Websites by the use of collaborative filtering

The information globalization induced by the rapid development of the Internet and the accompanying adoption of the Web throughout the society leads to Websites which reach large audiences. The diversity of the audiences and the need of customer retention require active Websites, which expose themselves in a customized or personalized way: We call those sites User-adapted Websites. New technologies are necessary to personalize and customize content. Information filtering can be used for the discovery of important content and is therefore a key-technology for the creation of user-adapted Websites.

In this article, we focus on the application of collaborative filtering for user-adapted Websites. We studied techniques for combining and integrating content-based filtering with collaborative filtering in order to address typical problems in collaborative filtering systems and to improve the performance. Other issues which are mentioned but only lightly covered include user interface challenges. To validate our approaches we developed a prototype user-adapted Website, the Active WebMuseum, a museum Website, which exposes its collection in a personalized way by the use of collaborative filtering.     

如何构建企业级Internet网站

对构建企业级Internet网站从网络硬件、系统软件配置、网站设计以及网络安全等各个层面进行综合分析，为网站的规划设计提供一个参考思路。     

搜索引擎的设计研究

搜索引擎是Internet信息服务的主体,搜索引擎的设计是各网站建设的重要部分。介绍了搜索引擎的分类和各类搜索引擎的工作过程。在此基础上,指出了蜘蛛程序是由网页下载和网页内容分析及信息提取两部分组成,并结合用C Builder作为开发工具给出了这两部分的源代码示例。最后介绍了蜘蛛程序设计要注意的问题。     

The effects of need for cognition on Internet use

One of the undisputed roles of the Internet is information spreading. However, to this day there is little understanding of the interaction between the way in which information is provided on the Internet and the behavior of different human personality types. This article focuses on the impact of the need for cognition on the desired level of interactivity of a given Website and on web surfing in general. For this experiment, four commercialized Websites were used: (1) flat with no hyperlinks and no time pressure; (2) flat with time pressure; (3) interactive¹ with no time pressure; and (4) interactive with time pressure. All of the Websites contained identical information presented in different ways. The relations between need for cognition as a personality variable, time pressure as a situational stressor, the interactivity of the Web site, and several demographic variables were examined on Internet users’ behavior while surfing and on their preferences. One hundred and eighty-two experienced Web surfers took part in the experiment and were randomly assigned to one of the Websites. The number of hyperlinks used while surfing were counted by specially designed software. After surfing, the participants completed questionnaires regarding their satisfaction from the site, their willingness to return to the site, how persuasive the site was, and demographic data. It was predicted that people with high need for cognition would be more experienced in the Internet, use more hyperlinks, and stay longer in the site. People with a low need for cognition were predicted to prefer interactive over linear sites. Results support the preferences of people low in need for cognition of an interactive site. Other predictions were supported only partially. Implementations for Website design and further research are discussed.     

Health Websites that people can trust – the case of hypertension

Traditionally health advice has been anchored in face-to-face settings but increasingly patients are using the Internet for their health advice needs. This means that patients are now offered inconsistent advice from a range of sources and must determine which sites to trust and which to reject. To understand how consumers make these choices, 13 participants diagnosed with hypertension took part in a longitudinal study in which they searched for information and advice relevant to their condition. A content analysis of the group discussions revealed support for a staged model of trust in which mistrust or rejection of Websites is based on design factors and trust or selection of Websites is based on content factors such as source credibility and personalization. Based on this model, a set of guidelines for developing trust in health Websites is proposed and key differences between face-to-face communication and web-based systems are discussed.     

网站优化对搜索引擎的影响

介绍网站与搜索引擎之间的关系,从而引入网站制作对搜索引擎的影响,深入地从网页的命名、标题、题头标签的作用等几个方面描述如何建设一个便于搜索引擎的好网站。当搜索引擎收录访问网站时,能够迅速地抓住网页的要领,完整地将网页的信息带走,让用户在搜索信息时可以得到更多与网站相关的内容。     

Host-Based Security Challenges and Controls: A Survey of Contemporary Research

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a practical approach on how to test Websites for flaws in role-based authorization controls. The first two sections discuss the importance of testing these controls and how this testing is tied to the business that the Website supports. The rest of the paper outlines the general approach and some specific tools and techniques that can be used.     

高职院校人才培养工作评估专题网站的研究与设计

部分省份在人才培养工作评估的方式上采用网络评审,很多院校也开发了相应评估网站,但此类网站从功能上来说,更像是评建办日常发布相应评估信息的网站,达不到评估目的。从技术框架、网站结构、模块功能分析入手,设计能很好反映评估指标要求的网络评审的人才培养工作评估专题网站,为高职院校人才评估信息化建设做了一定的开拓性工作,具有很强的参考作用。     

网站优化对搜索引擎的影响

介绍网站与搜索引擎之间的关系,从而引入网站制作对搜索引擎的影响,深入地从网页的命名、标题、题头标签的作用等几个方面描述如何建设一个便于搜索引擎的好网站。当搜索引擎收录访问网站时,能够迅速地抓住网页的要领,完整地将网页的信息带走,让用户在搜索信息时可以得到更多与网站相关的内容。     

An investigation on Ribbon interface design guidelines for people with less computer literacy

In the recent years, there is an intense competition between software development companies to design better interfaces. In this marketing rat race, Ribbon interface came to make software user interface easier. After the introduction of Ribbon by Microsoft, it was widely used by various software development companies. Ribbon is a replacement for menus and toolbars and it tends to organize tools in tabs based on their similarities. Although Ribbon interface has many advantages, previous researches have shown that there are serious usability issues that hinder usage of Ribbon interfaces for users with less computer literacy. In order to solve Ribbon interfaces usability issues, this study tried to introduce Ribbon interface design guidelines by focusing on the issues related to users with less computer literacy. In this study two separate sets of moderated (in-person) usability testing were used. The first set evaluated the usability issues of an experimental Ribbon interface software in terms of both visual and cognitive issues. The second set was used to evaluate the Ribbon interface prototype that was designed based on the discovered usability issues in the first usability test. In order to ensure the validity of the data, the researchers tried to triangulate the data collection process by collecting data from different sources, namely, quantitative measurement of participants' performance, direct observation, and interview. Based on the comparison of the usability tests results which points out the factors that have led to participants' performance improvement in the prototype version, a number of guidelines are extracted for Ribbon interfaces. These guidelines are applicable to Microsoft Office, Microsoft SharePoint and most of the software that can be developed with Ribbon interface. Putting these guidelines into action, self-learning would be promoted and learning issues of users with less computer literacy would be decreased.     

A Reusable Multi-Agent Architecture for Active Intelligent Websites

In this paper a reusable multi-agent architecture for intelligent Websites is presented and illustrated for an electronic department store. The architecture has been designed and implemented using the compositional design method for multi-agent systems DESIRE. The agents within this architecture are based on a generic information broker agent model. It is shown how the architecture can be exploited to design an intelligent Website for insurance, developed in co-operation with the software company Ordina Utopics and an insurance company.     

Improving the ergonomics of British Coal's mining machinery

British Coal Corporation now require ergonomics evaluations to be undertaken on many major items of underground machinery before they are approved for use underground. Ergonomists must therefore be able to provide a service to the industry which is both consistent and reliable. It is especially important where an ergonomics evaluation could influence the purchasing decision on machines which can cost up to pound sterling 2m, that the ergonomist's conclusions/recommendations accurately reflect design issues which have both safety and performance implications. The conclusions must be consistent across assessors and over extended time periods. Ergonomists should also be able to provide designers with the detailed criteria on which their machines are assessed. The Bretby Operability Index was developed to achieve these requirements and it complements ergonomic design guidelines which have previously been developed to help ensure that ergonomics is also taken into consideration early in the design process.     

基于多Agent的用户上下文自适应站点构架

自适应站点很少考虑对用户环境的自适应。为此,提出用户上下文自适应站点的概念,给出基于多Agent技术的用户上下文自适应站点构架模型。阐述用户上下文获取、挖掘过程以及站点改造过程中各Agent的作用和交互情况。给出根据用户网络带宽和终端屏幕尺寸来调整推荐和显示的策略,并依据该构架实现了一个网上家具商场的原型站点。     

Web enabled expert systems using hyperlink-based inference

With the proliferation of the WWW, providing more intelligent Websites has become a major concern in the e-business industry. Recently, this trend has been even more accelerated by the success of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in terms of product recommendation, and self after service, etc. As a result, many e-companies are eager to embed Web-enabled, rule-based systems, i.e. that is, expert systems, into their Websites, and several well-known commercial tools to facilitate this are already available in the market. So far, most of those tools are based on CGI, but CGI-based systems inherently suffer from problems related to overburdening, when there are too many service demands at the same time. To overcome the limitations of the existing CGI-based expert systems, we propose a new form of Web-enabled expert system that uses a hyperlink-based inference mechanism. In terms of burden to the Web server, our approach has proven to outperform the CGI-based approach theoretically as well as empirically. For practical purposes, our approach is implemented in a software system, WeBIS, and uses a graphic rule editing methodology, Expert's Diagram, that is incorporated into the system to facilitate rule generation and maintenance. WeBIS is now successfully operating for financial consultation on the Website of a leading financial consulting company in Korea.     

Improving physicians' performance with a stroke CDSS: A cognitive fit design approach

A large body of evidence over many years suggests that clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can be helpful in improving both clinical outcomes and adherence to evidence-based guidelines. CDSSs have however failed to show their effectiveness due to poor ease of use and integration within clinical workflows. This research therefore emphasizes a cognitive fit design approach to developing an effective CDSS to solve those issues. According to the cognitive fit theory CDSS should align with the problem and task representation in order to match the physician's mental model to reduce cognitive effort. Several guidelines based on the cognitive fit design are proposed. A stroke CDSS prototype following the design guidelines is developed to demonstrate its feasibility. The system usability test results showed that the developed stroke CDSS was acceptably accurate, able to lessen the cognitive effort as desired, and preferable for use due to the significant reduction in cognitive load. The developed artifact has shown the potential to benefit physicians. Finally, implications and conclusions are discussed.     

基于关联系数的电子超市网站结构优化模型及算法复杂性分析

将网站结构抽象为无权有向图，为方便顾客选购某种商品后以较短的路径访问相关商品网页，建立了一种网站结构优化的数学模型．并采用禁忌搜索算法(TS)对问题进行求解，算法复杂度分析的结果显示，在TS进行临域搜索时本文提出的启发式算法优于布尔矩阵乘法以及重复调用广度优先算法，实例研究表明所述方法可以帮助网站设计者有效调整网站结构．