纯铝基复合材料的应力腐蚀与氢致开裂

采用双悬臂梁（DCB）恒位移试验方法，Ⅱ型恒载荷试验方法以及慢为速率拉伸（SSRT）试验方法对纯Al复合材料的应力腐蚀与氢致开裂行为进行了研究，结果表明，在不发生应力腐蚀与氢致开裂的纯铝中加入20％（体积分数，下同）的SiC晶须或Al18O33晶须后就会发生应力腐蚀及氢致开裂。     

单晶硅压痕裂纹的氢致滞后扩展

利用压痕裂纹恒载荷试样，研究了单晶硅在空气中应力腐蚀以及动态充氢时氢致滞后开裂的可能性；利用卸载的压痕裂纹试样研究了残余应力引起氢致滞后开裂的可能性．结果表明，单晶硅压痕裂纹恒载荷试样当KI=KIC时在空气中并不发生应力腐蚀．在H2SO4溶液中动态充氢，则能发生氢致滞后开裂，止裂时归一化门槛应力强度因子为KIH／KIC≈0.9、卸载压痕裂纹的残余应力在充氢过程中也能引起氢致滞后开裂，归一化门槛应力强度因子为KIH／KIC≈0．9．     

X60螺旋缝埋弧焊管在湿H2S环境中的腐蚀行为

采用自行设计的焊管实物管段腐蚀试验方法和装置研究了内胀成形和外控成形两种X6 0螺旋缝埋弧焊管在含H2 S的NACE溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明 ,焊管在H2 S介质中的损伤表现为母材表面氢鼓泡及应力腐蚀裂纹 ;随着施加应力的提高及残余应力的增大 ,H2 S腐蚀倾向增大 ;在H2 S介质中和外加应力及残余应力的共同作用下 ,焊管的氢损伤机理既有氢致开裂 ,又有氢致应力腐蚀 ,应力不但促进氢致应力腐蚀 ,同时也促进氢致开裂过程 ;试验结果说明改进焊管焊缝表面质量、降低残余拉应力、控制工作应力是改善和控制焊管H2 S腐蚀的重要措施     

50Mn18Cr4WN奥氏体钢的应力腐蚀和氢致开裂

本文采用悬臂弯曲预裂纹试样应力腐蚀试验方法和紧凑拉伸试样恒载荷法测定了50Mn18Cr40WN奥氏体钢在含C1-和NO3-的水溶液中应力腐蚀以及电解充氢条件下氢致开裂的门槛值,并对应力腐蚀和氢致开裂的裂纹走向与断口形貌进行了观察.50Mn18Cr4WN钢在含C1-和NO3-的水溶液中均能产生应力腐蚀开裂,且在含NO3-的水溶液中比在含C1-的水溶液中应力腐蚀敏感性大.在电解充氢条件下,50Mn18Cr4WN钢也能产生氢致开裂.     

氢对黄铜应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

氢对黄铜应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响乔利杰，徐荣杰，刘辉，褚武扬，肖纪美（北京科技大学北京１１０８３）１引言对氢致开裂型的应力腐蚀，阴极反应进入金属的氢控制了应力腐蚀裂纹的形核和扩展过程；对阳极溶解型的应力腐蚀，虽然阳极溶解过程控制了应力腐蚀的形核和扩展...     

低合金高强度油管应力导向氢致开裂腐蚀失效分析

对肯基亚克(Kenneyak)油田油管腐蚀情况进行了调查研究,对其油管和接箍腐蚀形态进行了分析,结合油管理化性能和腐蚀形貌表面物理分析,对铬-钼系低合金高强度钢油管腐蚀机理进行了深入的研究。结果表明,油管接箍外壁腐蚀是由于环境氢损伤引起的,主要是H2S腐蚀,包括环境剥蚀和内部氢致开裂(HIC);断裂是由于应力导向氢致开裂,即SOHIC所致。同时认为硬度小于HRC22的SM90SS这类低合金高强度抗硫钢油管也倾向于发生应力导向氢致开裂。分析结果对于防止油管腐蚀穿孔和/或开裂、保护油井安全具有实用价值。     

奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀和氢致开裂裂尖区的氢浓度分布

氢在奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀中的作用一直为人们所关注。许多工作表明,奥氏体不锈钢在热浓氯化物溶液中发生应力腐蚀时,氢可以进入试样,并对其力学性能和电化学性能产生影响,但尚无证据表明进入试样的氢量足以产生氢致开裂。另一些工作表明,氢致开裂临界应力场强度因子(K_(HIC))高于应力腐蚀开裂的相应值(K_(SCC));阴极极化延缓应力腐蚀,而阳极极化则加速应力腐蚀。就试样内的平均氢浓度来源,前者都明显高于后者,但在裂尖区的局部范围内,氢浓度的大小和分布,还很少有直接的证据。微区定氢大多是在断裂后测定断口上的氢分布,这种在应力松弛后测定的结果并不能反映应力腐蚀开裂时的真实情况。此外,断面粗糙不一,影响因素多,不便于比较。我们根据LT-IA型离子探针仪样品室的特点,设计了一套相应的夹具和试样,首次在带载情况下测定了321不锈钢应力腐蚀和电解充氢裂纹尖端区的氢浓度分布。     

海洋工业大气环境下应力腐蚀开裂机理分析

海洋工业大气环境下应力腐蚀开裂由于其发生环境的特殊性,可以将这种开裂机理归于一种氢致开裂型应力腐蚀开裂。本文通过对金属表面氢原子的形成以及氢原子渗透进入金属内部两个过程的分析,阐述了海洋工业大气环境下应力腐蚀开裂的机理,并分析了影响海洋工业大气环境下应力腐蚀开裂的各种因素。     

稳定奥氏体合金(Ni29Co18余Fe)在含Cl~-水溶液中应力腐蚀开裂特性

本文研究了稳定奥氏体合金(4J29)在中性3.5%NaCl 水溶液中的应力腐蚀特征曲线、起裂方式以及扩展特征;研究了此合金在动态充氢条件下的氢致延滞断裂特性。通过对比分析以及管型试样应力腐蚀结果,提出了此合金在含 Cl~-水溶液中的应力腐蚀是以氢致开裂为主的观点。本文通过对比实验还研究了整体介质中 H~+浓度以及 Cl~-浓度对4J29合金应力腐蚀的影响.     

奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀和氢致开裂的机理

通过金相跟踪观察、力学测量及断口分析,研究了奥氏体不锈钢氢致开裂和应力腐蚀的机理.结果表明,无论是不稳定型(321)还是稳定型(310)奥氏体不锈钢,电解充氢时先产生塑性变形,当它发展到临界状态时就导致氢致裂纹的形核.但在42%MgCl_2沸腾溶液中应力腐蚀时,裂纹的形核和滞后塑性变形无关.两种(321)輿氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀的门槛值K_(ISCC)远比严重充氢时氢致开裂的门槛值K_(IH)要低.两者的断口形貌也不同,应力腐蚀是解理断口,且和K_I无关.而氢致开裂断口和K_I有关,K_I高是韧窝,K_I低则获得准解理断口.实验表明,氢在奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀(沸腾MgCl_2介质)过程中并不起主要作用.     

Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Drill Pipes in Deep Drilling Oil and Natural Gas Wells

Corrosion fatigue (CF), hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and sulfide stress cracking (SSC), or environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) have been identified as the most challenging causes of catastrophic brittle fracture of drill pipes during drilling operations of deep oil and natural gas wells. Although corrosion rates can be low and tensile stresses during service can be below the material yield stress, a simultaneous action between the stress and corrosive environment can cause a sudden brittle failure of a drill component. Overall, EAC failure consists of two stages: incubation and propagation. Defects, such as pits, second-phase inclusions, etc., serve as preferential sites for the EAC failure during the incubation stage. Deep oil and gas well environments are rich in chlorides and dissolved hydrogen sulfide, which are extremely detrimental to steels used in drilling operations. This article discusses catastrophic brittle fracture mechanisms due to EAC of drill pipe materials, and the corrosion challenges that need to be overcome for drilling ultra-deep oil and natural gas wells.     

石油钻杆H2S腐蚀研究进展及其综合防腐

石油钻杆是钻井装备中重要的钻具,其腐蚀失效是阻碍钻井效率提升的重要因素.本文综述石油钻杆的硫化氢(H2S)腐蚀现状,阐述钻杆的H2S腐蚀影响因素与机理,提出石油钻杆的综合防腐措施及发展趋势.     

制氢装置水分离器入口法兰及三通失效分析

应用光学显微镜,扫描电镜、光电子谱,显微硬度仪,铁素体测量仪等对开裂失效试样进行分析,结果表明,三通和法兰开裂效是由于氢致开裂所致;同时也具有明显的氯化应力腐蚀破裂敏感性。     

低合金高强度抗应力腐蚀开裂海洋软管用钢的开发

通过合金成分设计,轧制、热处理工艺的探索,开发了低合金高强度海洋软管用钢,其屈服强度大于600 MPa且满足抗氢脆、抗氢致开裂、抗应力腐蚀开裂性能,并通过全浸腐蚀实验对该钢的海水腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明,采用低C、低Mn并复合添加耐蚀元素Cr、Mo和采用合理的热轧、冷轧、调质处理工艺,可获得满足抗应力腐蚀开裂性能的600 MPa级高强钢。耐蚀元素的添加使实验钢具有良好的耐海水腐蚀能力,腐蚀稳定状态下的平均年腐蚀速率为0.11 mm/a。     

氢对黄铜脱锌层引起拉应力的影响

黄铜表面在氨水中腐蚀或应力腐蚀时形成脱锌层 ,由此产生一个附加拉应力。实验结果表明 ,脱锌层拉应力σp 随黄铜试样中氢含量w(H)的升高而线性升高 ,即σp/MPa =13.2 5 .2× 10 -6w(H)。黄铜中的氢含量达到 3× 10 -6时 ,可使黄铜在氨水中的应力腐蚀敏感性升高 10 %。氢促进黄铜应力腐蚀的原因是氢含量的增大会引起脱锌层拉应力的增大。     

Assessment of test methods for evaluation stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of prestressing steels

Prestressing steels can be exposed in prestressed concrete structures in construction stage (ungrouted duct) to environmental conditions causing formation and growth of hydrogen induced cracks with brittle fracture of the steel. The risk of this hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking can be minimized by appropriate treatment, but there is a requirement for construction to approve only prestressing steel having no enhanced susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking. The paper describes the historical development of the different test methods proposed in the past and gives an overview on the general requirements for a suitable test method to assess the hydrogen‐induced stress corrosion susceptibility of prestressing steels. Since 1982, based on investigations on construction sites and transfer of the results into laboratory tests, a test method is available enabling realistic estimation of suitable application possibilities of prestressing steels. This so called DIBt‐test is approved to distinguish between prestressing steels susceptible to hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking and those suitable and therefore approvable steels at practical environmental conditions. Furthermore the test enables estimation of corrosion risk for newly developed prestressing steels with higher strength.     

Stainless steel thread forming screws and their susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking

Abstract

Thread forming fasteners incorporate both drilling and hole tapping features and are commonly used in the construction industry to fix together steel sheets of different material types. With this practical application in mind, fasteners manufactured from martensitic and austenitic stainless steels have been subjected to alternating corrosion conditions in accordance with test standards DIN 50021-SS and DIN 50018-K WF 2·0. The torque applied to the screws during these tests was controlled to place the fasteners under equal tensile loads, independent of their tensile strength. Thus, the results provided information on their relative susceptibilities to stress corrosion cracking. At the end of the tests, up to 80% of the martensitic stainless steel drilling and tapping screws had failed due to hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking. The fasteners manufactured from austenitic materials withstood identical test conditions without any evidence of cracking or crack initiation. It is concluded that fasteners manufactured from modified martensitic stainless steel are more susceptible to stress corrosion cracking under the conditions of test than those made from cold worked austenitic stainless steels. This suggests that in practical applications the potential for catastrophic failure due to stress corrosion cracking could be considerably higher in modified martensitic fasteners in comparison with austenitic stainless steel fasteners, including those with hardened carbon steel drill points.     

石油用S135钻杆钢氢渗透与氢致滞后开裂行为

通过电化学渗氢技术与恒载荷拉伸试验方法,研究了不同充氢电流密度下S135钻杆用钢的氢扩散系数、试样中的可扩散氢浓度及其氢致开裂门槛应力。结果表明,S135钻杆用钢在0.5 mol/L H2SO4+0.25 g/L As2O3溶液中电化学充氢后的可扩散氢浓度C0与充氢电流密度的平方根i成正比,恒载荷条件下,氢致开裂门槛应力σHIC随可扩散氢浓度的对数lnC0的升高而下降。     

Hydrogen-increased dezincification layer-induced stress and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of brass

1　INTRODUCTIONDuringstresscorrosioncracking (SCC )con trolledbyanodicdissolution ,apassivefilmordezinci ficationlayerformsonthesurface[1] .Experimentalresultsexhibitedthatafoilofα Tiorbrasswithoneendfixedandanothersideprotectedwithaprotectivelayerformedonitwasconcaveduringcorrosioninamethanolandanammoniasolutions ,respective ly[2 ,3] .Thismeansthatatensilestressexistsontheinterfacebetweenthepassivefilmordezincificationlayerandthematrix [2 ,3] .Extensiveexperimentsshowedthatthedependenc…