公路路域边坡植被生态恢复及影响因子研究

本文研究主要从铜黄高速公路路域边坡的生态恢复着手,通过对国内外高速公路边坡植被恢复的研究现状进行分析、归纳、总结,指出高速公路路域边坡植被生态恢复情况及影响因子,为进一步开展铜黄高速公路路域边坡的生态恢复相关研究提供科学依据。     

临沧地区风化混合花岗岩边坡植被恢复方法研究

临沧地区广布风化混合花岗岩边坡,高速公路建设中形成的边坡植被恢复困难,坡面冲刷破坏严重。对墨临高速公路数十个边坡的植被恢复和冲刷破坏情况开展了现场调查分析,以两个典型的高边坡和中低边坡为例,介绍了不同坡高边坡的植被恢复和冲刷破坏情况。根据调查结果,总结了影响混合花岗岩边坡坡面冲刷破坏的主要内因和外因,针对不同混合花岗岩边坡和不同部位,提出了合理的植被恢复方法,可有效防止坡面冲刷破坏,通过工程实例验证了植被恢复方法的有效性。     

谈高速公路路基防护中骨架植被的应用

对骨架使用范围及相关要求予以阐述,在此基础上对高速公路路基防护中骨架植被的应用过程中的技术条件、施工工艺予以详细的分析,充分说明根据高速公路路基防护实际情况而合理进行骨架植被施工,能够提高骨架植被的应用效果,充分发挥骨架植被施工的有效性,为提高高速公路工程的安全性、稳定性及可靠性提供帮助。     

高速公路绿化工程施工、养护监理工作要点简述

随着我国环境绿化及环保要求的提高，绿化美化建设高速公路已变得越来越重要。如何在高速公路建设中及时恢复植被、保证绿化质量，将高速公路建成舒适、美观的“绿色通道”，除了绿化施工单位的努力外，还离不开绿化监理人员的有效管理。     

浅谈废采石场CS混合纤维法植灌结合节水型绿化箱种植苗木生态恢复施工技术

废采石场生态恢复可美化环境,涵养水源,净化空气,防止水土流失。文章通过对TBS等三种生态恢复技术进行比选,厦门天马山废采石场最终采用CS混合纤维法植灌结合节水型绿化箱种植苗木进行生态恢复。它的处理效果良好,废采石场的植被覆盖率达到95%以上,对防止水土流失、绿化美化生态环境具有良好作用。     

高速公路边坡绿化防护技术

高速公路建设对国民经济发展起到了巨大的推动作用，但由于其高填深挖路基较多，从而产生各类边坡，如何使边坡既稳定又能恢复植被，保护生态环境。本文从绿化防护的必要性、优点、类型方面阐述绿化防护在高速公路边坡防护中应用。     

基于虚拟现实技术的高校校园生活区种植 场景环境恢复性效益研究

中国城镇化的快速发展与城市生活的节奏加快，加 剧了城市居民尤其是长期处于压力下的大学生群体罹患各类心 理健康疾病的风险。当前，高校校园恢复性环境建设研究成为 促进城市公共健康的重要课题。基于注意力恢复理论、压力缓 释理论与拉塞尔情绪模型，在高校校园生活区的情境下，将高 校大学生作为受试人群，运用虚拟现实技术、生理反馈技术和 正交试验方法、主效应分析、箱图分析、最小显著性差异多重 比较分析等统计学方法，通过SPSS 26.0软件探究种植场景 的植被复杂度、种植方式、植被空间对比度3个因子对环境恢 复性效益的感知恢复性、情绪效价与生理应激恢复3个维度的 影响。结果显示，植被复杂度、种植方式、植被空间对比度对 环境恢复性效益均有不同程度的影响。植被复杂度较高、群落 中的植物体型对比度适中、采用分散式种植方式的种植场景具 有最佳的环境恢复性效益。结合虚拟动态三维场景对植物设计 要素的量化和精细化研究具有一定的创新性，为旨在提升高校 校园环境恢复性效益的种植设计提供了参考。     

高速公路建设对生态的破坏及其恢复

高速公路建设对其周围的生态环境造成极大的破坏,尤其是挖方填土式的施工,土壤植被系统往往遭到毁灭性的破坏,并带来水土流失、生态灾难等环境问题,严重影响交通道路的安全和路域的生态环境。因此,高速公路建设中的生态破坏及其恢复问题是一项重要的研究课题。我国对此尚未开展系统的研究,目前仅见一些有关土地复垦、生物环境工程及路域景观恢复等方面的报道。     

植被护坡技术在高速公路边坡治理中的应用

植被护坡技术应用于高速公路边坡治理中可以解决边坡工程建设与生态环境破坏的矛盾,同时也可以很好地保护边坡表层,阻止其进一步弱化,对边坡的防护起到很好的作用。首先从植被护坡的主要功能方面以及植被护坡的力学作用机理和水文效应方面介绍了植被护坡技术,然后以孝襄高速(孝感-襄樊)边坡为例,具体阐述植被护坡技术在边坡治理中的应用,充分说明植护坡技术可以有效地对高速公路边坡进行防护治理。     

红层软岩坡面植被防护的相关参数研究

针对很多红层软岩地区植被护坡效果不理想这一问题,结合重庆梁平至长寿高速公路建设,对红层地区植被护坡所需的相关参数进行研究。该成果可为红层地区植被护坡设计提供依据,对提高红层地区植被护坡的可靠性也有重要意义。     

Evaluating Vegetation Health Condition Using MODIS Data in the Three Gorges Area, China

The satellite-based vegetation condition index (VCI) and temperature condition index (TCI) have been used extensively for drought detection and tracking, the assessment of weather impacts on vegetation and evaluation of the health and productivity of vegetation. In this study, in order to detect and monitor the growth condition of vegetation, we have collected data on vegetation indices and land surface temperature derived from MODIS (2001-2012) and defined a vegetation health index (VHI) based on VCI and TCI for assessing vegetation health condition in the Three Gorges Area, China (TGA). The results of the study show that temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation health condition can be detected, tracked and mapped by the VHI index. In most parts of the TGA, the vegetation health condition showed an overall increasing trend during the study period, especially in Wulong, Fengdu, Shizhu and other regions located in the midstream sections of the Three Gorges Reservoir. In addition, the four studied vegetation types all showed clear increasing trends during the study period. The increasing trend in the vegetation health condition shows a strong positive correlation with topographical slope and altitude (below 500 m). Over the seasons, this trend is strongest in autumn, followed by spring. However, the correlations between vegetation health condition and climatic factors are more frequently significant in summer and winter than in autumn and spring. The vegetation health condition has been low in 2006 and 2011. This finding is consistent with the extreme weather conditions in those two years. However, only in the summer is vegetation health condition significantly correlated with three climatic factors in most of the study area. This result implies that vegetation growth may show a lagged response to climatic factors and may also be affected by human activities, including agricultural activities, industrial activities and other economic activities.     

植被护坡机制及应用研究

植被护坡就是利用植被涵水固土的原理来进行边坡加固及坡面防护。研究结果显示，植被护坡的机制为：（1）木本植物深根对边坡岩土体有锚固作用；（2）草本植物浅根对边坡岩土体有加筋作用；（3）植被覆盖层可以防止坡面冲刷。植被护坡的特点主要有：（1）植被护坡在初始时，作用力较弱，但随着植物的生长，作用力逐渐加强；（2）植被根系作用力及作用范围有限：（3）植被护坡要求边坡处于相对稳定状态。在此基础上，对植被护坡技术的环境适应性以及植被护坡技术的流程模式进行探讨，并提出将传统的边坡加固技术与植被护坡技术有机地结合起来，发挥二者各自的优点，既保证边坡的安全稳定，以及加固措施的长期有效，又实现坡面植被的快速恢复及生态环境保护。     

岩石边坡植被护坡植物选择初探

基础设施的建设导致大量裸露岩石边坡的产生,为保护生态环境需要对其进行植被恢复.岩石边坡的植被护坡一直是工程界难以解决的课题之一.通过对岩石边坡特殊立地条件、植被护坡现状和问题进行分析,提出了岩石边坡植被护坡的原则和以研究野生岩生植物为突破点的解决途径.     

Analysis of vegetation indices for monitoring vegetation degradation in semi‐arid and arid areas of Mongolia

An attempt has been made in this study to delineate the characteristics of spectral signatures of the vegetation in terms of various vegetation indices (VIs), particularly the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index2 (MSAVI2) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) to manifest their ability to estimate vegetation biomass over a large area and to monitor vegetation degradation in arid and semi‐arid area of Mongolia. Multi‐temporal SPOT‐4 VEGETATION data from 1998 to 2001 have been used for the analysis. The correlations between the vegetation indices observed at various degrees of vegetation coverage during different stages of growth were examined. The results showed that in Mongolian desert steppe and Gobi desert zone MSAVI2 is the best, while in mountain steppe zone EVI is found to estimate biomass well. Generally, it was found that total biomass was decreased by 50.7% and 31.4% of rangeland is very severe degraded in the case study area.     

杭州市三江汇地区森林植被固碳抵消能源 排放能力评估及情景预测研究

森林植被固碳服务是生态系统服务评估的重要内容之一，在区域碳中和发挥着重要的碳汇作用。以生物量法和CASA模型法相结合，评估杭州市三江汇地区森林植被固碳能力；采用CEADs县级碳排放清单估算三江汇地区的能源碳排放量；综合碳汇和碳排评估该地区森林植被固碳对能源碳排放量的抵消率。从碳减排和增汇2个方面，对森林植被抵消能源碳排放的能力进行未来情景预测。研究结果表明：1)2017年三江汇地区森林植被固碳量为4.98×10⁴t，能源碳排放量为2.07×10⁶t，森林植被能源碳排放的抵消率为2.41%，三江汇森林植被能源碳抵消率呈现出“东低西高、北低南高”的空间格局；2)研究设置9个情景对2030年森林植被碳抵消率进行定量预测，预测结果显示研究区森林植被面积增加有利于提升森林植被对能源碳排放量的抵消能力，森林面积每增加5%，森林植被对能源碳排放量抵消率可提高0.12%～0.29%；减少人均能源碳排放对提高森林植被碳抵消能力的效果更为显著，人均能源碳排由2.77t/人降低为0.90和0.72t/人，森林植被碳抵消率可分别提高2.21%～2.43%和3.36%...     

基于植被三维点云数据的小型景观空间微气候分析方法探究——以东南大学梅庵为例

在“碳中和”背景下,微气候研究愈发引起学界关注。过往研究表明,植被是影响景观空间微气候的重要因素之一,但在以往微气候研究及模拟过程中,植被要素因其自身形态的复杂性往往无法被精准量化,造成现状植被与模拟软件中的植被形态存在偏差,导致最终计算结果的准确性有所降低。故在既有研究的基础上,可以通过提升植被建模的真实性及准确性,即利用现状植被三维点云模型辅助在Envi-met软件中精确建模,以提高景观微气候模拟研究结果的精准度。选取东南大学梅庵周边景观空间为研究对象,对上述分析方法予以运用,在验证分析方法可行性的同时,以实测数据为参照,综合比较点云植被模型与Envi-met自带植被模型在计算结果间的差异性。研究结果表明,基于植被点云模型的模拟结果与实测数据更为接近,尤其体现在风速测算上。该方法也可为后续微气候模拟分析研究提供参考。     

Vegetation recruitment on the ‘white’ sandbars on the Nakdong River at the historical village of Hahoe,Korea

Hahoe, a historical village, is famous for two large nonvegetated sandbars. These sandbars have become covered with vegetation after construction of the two upstream dams. To identify the contributing factors to vegetation recruitment, flow regime, soil moisture, flood intensity and climate conditions before and after two dams were investigated. The occurrence of drought caused flow change and significant encroachment of riparian vegetation in just 3 years after the second dam was in place. Numerical results show that the dimensionless shear stress was a useful factor for predicting vegetation recruitment. Decrease in peak flows and aggradation of the sandbars resulted in more of the sandbar area experiencing low shear stress, hence facilitating vegetation colonization. In conclusion, the development of optimal dam operation rule to increase the difference of peak release flows between germination and flood season may be required to manage the riparian vegetation sustainably and economically in the regulated river.     

Optimized greenery configuration to mitigate urban heat: A decade systematic review

Urban vegetation is a nature-based solution for cooling cities. Under global warming and urban population growth, it is essential to optimize urban vegetation configuration in the urban area to bring maximum cooling benefit. This paper reviews 85 optimized urban vegetation configuration studies published from 2010 to 2020 to provide an insight into the most effective vegetation configuration for urban heat mitigation. Patterns and preferences in methods and the optimized greenery configurations are comprehensively analyzed. The results indicate that size, quantity, and layout of urban green space and the physiological characteristics and spatial arrangement of urban vegetation significantly influence their cooling effect. Additionally, two other research gaps were identified. First, more research needs to be done in southern hemisphere cities experiencing rapid urbanization and severe impacts of extreme weather. Second, a comprehensive method for quantifying interactions and cumulative effects of natural and artificial factors in the urban environment is required. Future study needs a holistic understanding of the interactive effects of vegetation spatial distribution on urban environment and climate for a more accurate analysis of optimal cooling greening layouts in large urban areas at multi-scales.     

“食·疗·景”：岭南传统村落生活空间植被特征解析—以肇庆蕉园古村为例

传统村落人居环境生活空间植被与村民日常生活联系紧密。本文以广东肇庆地区蕉园古村为研究对象,采用现场调研及访谈法,分析其传统生活空间主要植被的"食·疗"功效及地域性景观价值。并就蕉园古村植被现状进行调查,结合岭南医学与中医养生理论,就其与村民日常"食·疗"生活的深层联系进行解析,包括"茶饮防病"、"食治调养"、"外治疗疾"3个层面。同时从物质性与精神性2个层面,就其生活空间植被所体现的地域性景观价值进行阐述,初步阐明了岭南传统村落生活空间植被之"食·疗·景"特征与应用机制,揭示了传统村落生活空间植被与村民日常养生保健的深层关系,为当代人居环境地域养生景观营造提供参照。     

客土喷播在霍林河矿山植被恢复中的应用

对霍林河煤矿区利用客土喷播技术进行矿山植被恢复试验进行了研究,结果表明,该地区露天煤矿矿山边坡采用客土喷播可实现植被快速复绿,且绿量大,覆盖效果均匀,草灌比例较为适宜,本研究旨在为探索霍林河地区矿山植被恢复新途径提供技术支撑。