Ti-Cr-Mn-M(M-V、Fe、Ni、Cu)合金的储氢性能

为改善Ti(Cr-Mn)2 AB2型合金的储氢性能,采用A侧过化学计量和过渡金属部分替代Mn进行多元合金化,系统研究了Tix(Cr-Mn-M)2(x=1.0,1.1;M=V、Fe、Ni、Cu)合金的储氢性能.研究结果表明,V、Fe、Ni、Cu部分替代Mn进行多元合金化后,合金主相仍保持C14(MgZn2)型Laves相,合金晶胞体积增大.合金化元素部分替代Mn后合金的活化性能得到明显改善,合金吸放氢量增大,吸放氢压力滞后减小.除Fe使合金放氢平台压力有所升高外,其余合金化元素均使合金的吸放氢平衡压力有不同程度的降低,这是由于合金的晶胞体积增大所致.在所形成的合金中,以Ti1.1Cr1.2Mn0.5CuO0.3的综合性能最好,其室温下吸放氢量分别达到1.95%和1.72 9,6(质量分数).采用该合金与自制的轻质高压储氢容器(工作压力为40MPa)复合组成金属氢化物复合式高压储氢器,对其储氢密度的计算结果表明,当储氢合金的填充量(体积分数)达到0.20时,该复合式储氢器总的体积储氢密度将提高57%.     

La_(1-x)Mg_xNi_(2.5)Co_(0.5)(x=0～0.4)储氢合金的制备及电化学氢化性能

本文以感应熔炼法制备的La_(1-x)Mg_xNi_(2.5)Co_(0.5)(x=0~0.4)储氢合金作为研究对象,探究了熔炼过程中合金成分的损耗情况。通过对合金质量损耗的填补,并结合AES-ICP等测试手段,比较精确地制备出了目标合金。根据合金充放电前后的X射线衍射(XRD)测试结果,发现合金的氢化物随着Mg含量的增高而逐渐由非晶态转化成晶态,晶态氢化物由合金的α相转化成氢化物的β相。合金氢化物的晶胞参数a和c均显著增大,晶胞体积也有较大膨胀,但增大幅度却随着Mg含量的增加而逐渐减小。在0.1MPa干燥Ar保护条件下,填补0.9%的La和10.0%的Mg所制备的La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)Ni_(2.5)Co_(0.5)合金不仅具有良好的电化学氢化性能和较大的放电容量,而且能够有效抑制合金的氢致非晶化。     

(Ti0.1V0.9)1-xFex(x=0～0.06)合金的相结构及储氢性能

系统研究了(Ti0.1V0.9)1-xFex(x=0、0.02、0.04、0.06)合金的相结构及其储氢性能.XRD及SEM分析表明,所有合金均由单一的体心立方(BCC)结构的钒基固溶体相组成;随着Fe含量的增加,合金的点阵常数呈线性递减,晶胞体积也随之逐渐降低.储氢性能测试表明,该系列合金的动力学性能均比较好,在10℃和4MPa初始氢压条件下,合金无需氢化孕育期就能吸氢.随着Fe含量从x=0增加至x=0.06,合金的活化性能得到改善;10℃最大吸氢量则从509.5ml/g逐渐降至424.8ml/g;而50℃有效放氢量先升后降,并在x=0.04时达到最高值255.6ml/g.在所研究的合金中,Ti0.096V0.864Fe0.04合金具有最佳的综合性能,经2次吸放氢循环即可活化,10℃最大吸氢量为494.5ml/g,50℃有效放氢量达到255.6ml/g.     

“起底”稀土储氢材料

1人类的能源有哪些1.1传统化石能源我们的日常生活以及国家经济和科技的发展,都离不开能源。人类在很长时间内,一直以传统化石能源为主,八百多年前已经就将'煤'作为主要的生活燃料。煤的资源分布范围广、储量丰富、易于开采。18世纪末期,工业革命兴起后,全球进入蒸汽时代,随着蒸汽机的使用和逐步普及,大量的煤,为人类的发展作出了巨大的贡献。     

配位氢化物储氢合金的研究现状

配位氢化物储氢合金是最近几年发展起来的新型储氢合金，和稀土系AB5型、AB2、镁基和Fe-Ti系储氢材料相比，配位氢化物储氢合金的储氢量要明显高于前者。针对目前研究较多的NaAlH4、LiAlH4、LiBH4和Li2NH储氢合金的研究现状进行了概述。     

储氢材料的研究现状与进展

对狭义的储氢材料进行了简要介绍,总结归纳了金属氢化物、纳米储氢材料和配位氢化物等几种主要储氢材料的特点.概述了制备储氢材料所用的几种主要方法:高温熔炼法、机械合金化法、氢化燃烧合成法、化学合成法和烧结法,并对目前的研究现状进行了归纳和评述,展望了未来储氢材料及其制备方法的发展方向.     

金属氢化物储氢装置研究

用有限差分法和二维导热模型计算了圆柱形金属氢化物储氢装置内部储氢过程的温度场分布,结果表明空气换热型储氢装置内部的合金反应床存在明显的温度梯度场,吸氢时储氢装置中心部位的温度最高,需要强化其芯部换热条件,以提高储氢装置的储放氢性能.对比研究了铸态以及甩带快淬工艺制备 TiV0.41 Fe0.09Mn1.5合金吸放氢循环寿命,表明甩带快淬工艺可以显著提高储氢合金的吸放氢循环性能.以甩带快淬工艺制备的TiV0.41Fe0.09Mn1.5合金为工质的储氢装置,经过3 600次吸放氢循环后的容量保持率达到94%以上.     

Fe部分取代Co对La_(0.7)Zr_(0.1)Mg_(0.2)Ni_(2.75)Co_(0.75-x)Fe_x(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)合金储氢性能的影响

在氩气保护下,采用磁悬浮感应熔炼方法制备La0.7Zr0.1Mg0.2Ni2.75Co0.75-x Fex(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)合金,并研究Fe取代Co对La0.7Zr0.1Mg0.2Ni2.75Co0.75-x Fex(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)合金储氢性能及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:合金主要由LaNi5和La2Ni7相组成,随着Fe含量的增加,LaNi5和La2Ni7相的晶胞体积逐渐增大,且合金中依次出现ZrFe2相(x≥0.05)和La7Ni3相(x≥0.1)。适量的Fe取代Co,不仅能提高La0.7Zr0.1-Mg0.2Ni2.75Co0.75-x Fex(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)合金的储氢容量,降低合金的放氢平台压,改善合金氢化物的稳定性,而且能延长合金电极的循环寿命,提高合金电极的高倍率放电性能。     

Improvement of Hydrogen Storage Properties of La0.6M0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2 Alloys

Investigation has been carried out to find the effects of Nd substitution and Cu addition on the hydrogen storage properties of AB5-type alloy with a multicomponent La0.6M0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2 (M=Y, Nd) system. La0.6Y0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2,which was used in an air-conditioning system, showed poor hysteresis and sloping characteristics, which led to a decrease concerning the coefficient of performance of the system. By the substitution of Nd for Y, the hydrogenstorage capacity increased, and the plateau pressure decreased a little, but the hydrogen absorption kinetics decreased dramatically. Cu addition can effectively improve the kinetics of hydride formation without changing the hydrogen storage capacity of La0.6Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2. It has been found that La0.6Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2Cu0.1 alloy showed good hydrogen storage characteristics for metal hydride air-conditioning system. The results showed that, for each component of La0.6Mo.4Ni4.8Mn0.2, the effective hydrogen storage capacity increased with decrease of the unit cell parameter c/a and the hydrogen absorption plateau pressure increased with decrease of the parameter a.     

La(Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)O3钙钛矿高熵陶瓷粉体的制备及其电学性能

采用共沉淀法结合煅烧工艺制备La(Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)O3钙钛矿结构高熵陶瓷粉体,显著降低了材料的合成温度.采用不同手段对其进行物相及形貌表征,研究结果表明,当煅烧温度为800℃时,样品已经形成钙钛矿结构,但有少量第二相;当煅烧温度为1000℃时,La(Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn...     

AC magnetic susceptibility and hysteresis studies on La1−xYxMn2Si2 intermetallic compounds

AC susceptibility and hysteresis studies at various temperatures indicate that ferromagnetic pseudoternary system La_1?xY_xMn₂Si₂ (x < 0.2) contains mixed multidomain, single domain or superparamagnetic states. The compound with x = 0.2 shows a cluster spin-glass type of ordering.     

The hydriding–dehydriding characteristics of La0.6Y0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2 and their influences in the surface strain on small-scale, thin-wall and vertical containers

The hydriding–dehydriding characteristics of La_0.6Y_0.4Ni_4.8Mn_0.2 are studied, and the surface strain on small-scale, thin-wall and vertical containers is analyzed. According to the tests on 20–58.7 vol% schemes, prominent strain appears in both the hoop and the longitudinal directions. The surface strain increases with cycle numbers and packing fractions, while declines from the bottom to the top. The strain increments are linear with cycle numbers, and the absorption strain increments grow with atomic ratios. The alloy separates into agglomerated and loosened states after cycling. The optimal alloy packing scheme and hydrogen charge amount for the directly filled containers are proposed.     

热处理温度对La0.8Ce0.2(NiCoMnAl)5储氢合金结构与性能的影响

对快淬法制备的La0.8Ce0.2(NiCoMnAl)5储氢合金进行热处理,考察了热处理温度对合金的结构和性能的影响,并采用XRD、PCT、恒流充放电等测试方法对合金物相结构及性能进行表征。研究表明:热处理前后La0.8-Ce0.2(NiCoMnAl)5储氢合金均为CaCu5型相结构。热处理温度为950℃时,La0.8Ce0.2(NiCoMnAl)5合金储氢量为1.37%(质量分数),当放电电流密度为715mA/g时,合金放电比容量为307.68mAh/g,循环寿命超过300周,当放电电流密度为1200mA/g时,合金的HRD达到85.17%。     

Radio-frequency properties of La0.6Sr0.2Mn1.2O3 and La0.65Sr0.28Mn1.07O3 ceramics near the Curie temperature

Radio-frequency magnetic and dissipative properties of La_0.6Sr_0.2Mn_1.2O₃ and La_0.65Sr_0.28Mn_1.07O₃ ceramics have been studied in the region of their Curie points. It is established that, despite relatively high conductivity in the frequency range f=1–15 MHz, the screening of samples by the skin current is negligibly small and the ceramic samples behave like strong ferromagnets. This behavior is explained by significant differences in the propagation of electromagnetic field in inhomogeneous granular ferromagnetic media and normal metals. The field dependence of the effective magnetic susceptibility of both manganites has been studied at room temperature.     

Polaronic relaxation in La0.8Bi0.2Fe0.7Mn0.3O3

In this work, the dielectric properties of La_0.8Bi_0.2Fe_0.7Mn_0.3O₃ ceramics have been investigated in a temperature range of 76–320 K and a frequency range of 300 Hz–10 MHz. Two thermally activated dielectric relaxations were observed with the activation energy around 0.283 ± 0.007 eV for the low-temperature relaxation and 0.268 ± 0.007 eV for the high-temperature relaxation. Annealing in N₂ and O₂ can destroy and create the high-temperature relaxation, respectively. But the treatments have no significant influence on the low-temperature relaxation. The low-temperature relaxation was found to be bulk effect related to the dipolar effect due to the hopping polarons, and the high-temperature relaxation was associated with the Maxwell–Wagner relaxation due to surface-layer effect caused by hopping polarons blocked and trapped at the surfaces of the sample.     

Magneto-electric coupling in multiferroic La0.8Bi0.2Fe0.7Mn0.3O3 ceramic

We present here the structural, electrical, magnetic and magneto-electric properties of La_0.8Bi_0.2Fe_0.7Mn_0.3O₃ multiferroic sample synthesized by conventional solid state reaction route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show single phase character of the sample. Temperature (150-475 K) variation of dielectric constant exhibits step like escalation which consists of two transitions corresponding to the respective peaks in temperature vs. loss tangent curve. Slight shift in peak positions to higher temperatures with the increase of frequency indicates the presence of relaxor behavior. Magnetic field dependent magnetization (M-H) curve at 300 K demonstrates weak ferromagnetic conduct. Coupling between the electric and magnetic orders has been explored by means of magneto-capacitance measurement. Presence of magneto-electric (ME) coupling ascertains the candidature of this material for device application.     

表面包覆材料Li1.05Ni1-xCoxO2的合成及电化学性能研究

采用sol-gel法进行前驱体制备,合成表面包覆掺Co的正极材料.产物的电化学性能优良,以0.2C倍率进行充放电循环测试,可逆比容量超过190mAh/g、循环30周的容量保持率达96%以上.为了得到合成简便、成本低廉、性能优良的锂离子电池正极材料,本文研究了合成工艺对LixNi1-xCoxO2的电化学性能的影响;     

涂料型La1-xSrxMnO3智能热控涂层的研究

以固相反应法制备了高纯度La0.8Sr0.2MnO3粉体,并以其为基料,磷酸二氢铝为粘结剂,采用涂覆工艺在铝基片上制备了涂料型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3热控涂层.采用XRD、EDS对La0.8Sr0.2MnO3粉体的成分进行了表征,用稳态卡计法测量了涂层在100~100℃温度区间内热辐射率随温度的变化,并测量了涂层的太阳吸收比.研究结果表明:粉体合成过程中,经过1200℃三次热处理制备的La0.8Sr0.2MnO3粉体纯度高,合成的粉体具有均匀的微米级粒径尺寸.通过适当调整浆料中La0.8Sr0.2MnO3粉体所占质量百分比,获得辐射率变化范围大于0.3的热控涂层,该性能与采用烧结工艺制备的La0.8Sr0.2MnO3陶瓷片材料在变温条件下的辐射率变化范围接近.该涂层在航天器热控技术中具有潜在的应用前景.