固体脉冲激光测距中的光电探测实验分析

最小可探测功率是标志激光接收器和激光接收系统探测能力的主要参数。本文通过极限探测功率和最小可探测功率的理论结果的分析对提高激光探测能力的潜力做了估计;通过最小可探测功率的实际测试比较了光电倍增管和硅光电二极管接收系统对1.06μ激光的探测能力,并对两种探测器件的应用进行了讨论。     

利用热电效应的光外差探测理论

到目前为止,热探测器仅限于在非常低的频率下,具有10~(-10)瓦赫~(-1/2)的最小可探测功率。本文从理论上说明,在外差探测工作方式中利用热电效应,有可能在最小可探测功率方面得到10~7的改进,而降低一定灵敏度就可达到1千兆赫的频率。在本机振荡器功率大的条件下,探测器受量子和温度噪声限制。最小可探测功率的这一理论极限,目前实际上还不能达到。文中介绍的外差工作方式的室温热电探测器,对特殊通讯和红外雷达都很有用。     

金刚石NV色心磁力计极限灵敏度优化方法北大核心

光探测磁共振（ODMR）信号作为氮空位（NV）色心磁力计进行磁检测的主要手段,其主要受到微波功率强度和激光功率强度的影响。对金刚石NV色心磁力计展开研究,根据其检测原理,探究其极限灵敏度优化方法。搭建了ODMR信号的检测系统,对ODMR信号的激发功率进行了探究。实验结果表明在该实验系统下,微波功率约为60 mW、激光功率约为10 mW是最优的ODMR信号激发功率,可以使磁力计灵敏度达到最优,得到其理论值为17.80 nT/Hz^1/2。为金刚石NV色心磁力计灵敏度的进一步提高提供了改进方法。     

全光逻辑异或门相位差特性研究

为了改善全光逻辑门的相位差特性,对全光逻辑异或门的相位差进行了研究。采用细化分段模型对量子点半导体光放大器的动态过程进行建模,利用牛顿法和4阶龙格-库塔法求解三能级跃迁速率方程以及光场传输方程,实现了基于量子点半导体光放大器马赫-曾德尔干涉仪结构的全光逻辑异或门;研究了有源区长度、最大模式增益、输入抽运光功率以及输入抽运光脉冲宽度对通过干涉仪两臂探测光相位差的影响,同时讨论了探测光的相位差与输出光功率的关系。结果表明,增大有源区长度、最大模式增益以及输入抽运光功率,均能使探测光相位差增大;随着抽运光脉冲宽度增大,探测光相位差先增大而后趋于平缓,之后不断减小;有源区长度为2.0mm、最大模式增益为3000m-1、输入抽运光功率为5dBm、抽运光脉冲宽度为1.0ps时,最大相位差增加至0.3277π;随着探测光相位差增大,输出光功率增大;通过优化参量可以增大探测光的相位差,而输出光功率会随着探测光相位差的增大而增大。该研究为提高转换信号质量提供了参考。     

基于单个槽波导微环谐振器法诺共振的折射率传感

法诺线型的不对称和窄线宽特性有利于实现具有高传感灵敏度和低可探测极限的折射率传感。采用三维时域有限差分法,基于槽波导设计了微环谐振器和法布里-珀罗腔的耦合结构,实现了法诺线型谱线,并利用其提升折射率传感器的性能。不同于已报道的多微环级联等复杂结构,基于单个槽波导微环实现了法诺线型谱线,并在波长探测传感方案下得到传感灵敏度为500 nm/RIU,可探测极限为4.00×10^-5 RIU;在强度探测传感方案下,传感灵敏度为7.24×10⁴ dB/RIU,可探测极限为5.52×10^-6 RIU。     

光电信号接收器尺寸对光学薄膜弱吸收测量的影响

基于表面热透镜技术搭建了光学薄膜弱吸收测量系统,使用不同功率的抽运光辐照样品,并通过光束质量分析仪记录经样品表面反射后的探测光强度的空间分布,以探测光强度最强点所对应的像素坐标为中心两边对称取多个像素点表示不同尺寸的接收器,从而分析不同尺寸光电信号接收器得到的光热信号强度。结果表明,随着接收器尺寸的增加,探测面积覆盖范围超过探测光束峰值区域,得到的光热信号与抽运光功率的比值逐渐偏离线性,从而引入的测量误差也就增大。因此,实际测量中应在保证测量极限的前提下尽量缩小探测器尺寸以提高测量的准确度。     

红外热成像系统低温极限成像探测分析

从普朗克黑体辐射定律出发,通过计算,得到不同温度下景物的辐射出射度,推导出真空低温密闭环境中景物辐射通过光学系统进入红外探测器的辐射通量的计算公式,得到了探测器接收到的辐射通量,研究了影响探测器性能的主要噪声,并且计算了系列红外探测器的最小可探测功率,进而分析得到了影响红外热成像系统可探测最低温度的影响因素,通过计算得到了系列探测器的低温探测极限。该工作可为用于低温环境和目标探测成像的红外成像测温系统设计提供依据。     

有源像素传感器恒星探测极限计算方法

恒星探测极限是星跟踪器的一个关键参数，在导航星库的建立和星图识别过程中起着重要作用。根据恒星辐射模型和CMOS有源像素传感器的噪声计算模型，提出了一种在给定信噪比和有源像素传感器噪声条件下，计算星跟踪器恒星探测极限的方法。该方法利用单位时间内、单位面积上有源像素传感器对0星等恒星的响应来求取恒星探测极限。最后，在信噪比为8的条件下，结合星跟踪器的有关参数给出了一个计算恒星探测极限的具体实例。     

非视线单次散射大气传输模型研究

为了研究波长为1.06μm的红外激光散射通信系统各种几何参量对系统性能的影响,利用非视线单次散射大气传输模型分析了接收机、发射机的收发视场、俯仰角以及传输距离等几何参量对接收机接收功率和路径传输损耗的影响。结果表明,增大接收机的视场可以提高探测到的散射光信号功率,而增加发射机的发散角则基本不影响接收到的信号功率;在其它参量不变的情况下,增大接收机或者发射机的仰角都减小了接收机的探测到的信号功率;在散射角和传输距离一定的情况下,适当地降低发射机的仰角可以提高接收机探测到的散射光信号功率。这些结果对系统设计有一定的参考价值。     

用薄膜测辐射热器进行10.6微米的外差探测

本文介绍用快响应时间薄膜测辐射热红外探测器进行10.6微米外差探测的情况。用1瓦本机振荡器功率,得出的最小可探测功率为4×10~(-11)瓦/赫。所得到的实验结果和理论很一致。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.