基于树形条件随机场的跨语言时态标注

提出时态树的概念和构造方法,从而将汉英时态转换问题转换为时态树标注的问题.而后,使用树形条件随机场为未标注时态树的结点标注英语时态.提出的特征函数的模板较好地满足了模型推断的需要.实验结果表明:与基于线性条件随机场模型的时态标注方法相比,基于时态树方法的准确率有大幅度的提高,说明使用时态树能够更好地表达子句间时态的依赖关系.     

Discourse Processing in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is a psychiatric disorder characterised by persistent and developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. It is known that children with ADHD tend to produce incoherent discourses, e.g. by narrating events out of sequence. Here the aetiology of ADHD becomes of interest. One prominent theory is that ADHD is an executive function disorder, showing deficiencies of planning. Given the close link between planning, verb tense and discourse coherence postulated in van Lambalgen and Hamm (The proper treatment of events, 2004), we predicted specific deviations in the verb tenses produced by children with ADHD. Here we report on an experiment corroborating these predictions. This article is based on the theoretical analysis of executive function given by Stenning and van Lambalgen (2007). The analysis of the narratives of the children with ADHD is due to the second and third authors. The application to tense processing owes much to conversations with Giosue Baggio     

基于模糊集的不确定时间的表示及时态关系

研究不确定时间具有广泛的应用.不确定时间常常表现出模糊性,该文用模糊集的方法研究不确定时间点、不确定时间区间的表示方法及其时态关系.     

汉语篇章时间短语的分析与时制验算

汉英机器翻译中，汉语篇章的时间信息是生成正确英语词时态的基础，时制是时间信息重要组成部分，需要在篇间中通过时间短语的语义分析获得，首先对汉语篇章时间短时间了语义分类，然后设计了时间短语语义表示结构TPSRS，用概念信息体关联网络CIURN表示了汉语篇间语境知识，给出了在篇章语境中分析时间短语的算法TPPA，提出了通过时制验算来推导汉语篇章中时间短语的时制和事件的时制，最后在汉英机译系统ICENT中进行了实现，对已知写作时间的汉语篇章取得了较好的实验结果。     

融合时态特征的日英层次短语翻译模型

针对基于层次短语翻译模型的统计机器翻译使用上下文信息有限,时态翻译质量不高的问题,提出一种融合时态特征的日英统计机器翻译方法。该方法通过引入翻译规则的时态分类约束信息,解码器可以根据每条规则的潜在时态分类,为相应时态的句子匹配到最合适的规则进行翻译。首先从双语训练语料中抽取时态特征构建最大熵分类模型,然后再抽取包含各类时态信息的层次短语规则的时态特征,最后将规则的时态分类结果作为一类新特征,融入基于层次短语的翻译系统中。实验结果表明,与基线系统相比,该方法在多个测试集上提高了翻译质量,在一定程度上解决了日英层次短语模型的时态翻译问题。     

自然语言时间信息的模拟与计算

从自然语言语义处理研究角度出发构建了一种比较完全的时间语义表达模型,在此模型之上,研究了现代汉语时间表达的特征,对句子时体关系分别进行研究并提出了一种时间语义信息自动提取的方法,对典型汉语句子的时间信息进行挖掘以及抽取,取得了良好的效果。这为自然语言语义层次上的信息提取和处理提供了一种方法借鉴。     

汉语逻辑补足义标注框架研究

逻辑补足义是指附加在以谓词为中心的基本命题成分之上的否定、程度、时体、模态和语气等, 具体表现为逻辑语义算子对谓词的语义约束关系,是基本命题成分所表达语义关系的有效补充。在句子中,逻辑补足义所表达的语义是句子深度语义理解的重要层面。该文以深层语义理解为目标,在逻辑补足义已有的研究基础上,建立了否定、程度、时体和语气分类体系,构建了相应的算子词典;制定标注规范,对已经标注了基本命题义语义角色的句子进行各类逻辑补足义的标注;最后,对标注的结果进行统计并对标注过程中出现的问题进行了分析。     

基于模式分类的汉语时态确定方法研究

汉语时态是中文信息处理领域的一个难点。基于规则的处理方法在无时态特征词的句子,多时态特征词的句子处理等方面存在很大问题。本文从统计的角度,提出一种基于模式分类的时态确定方法,该方法综合评价句子中每个词对时态确定所作的贡献,能够处理无时态特征词的句子和多时态特征词的句子,并且该方法使用线性判别函数,具有对多维数据分析,训练与判别速度快的特性。在开放测试环境下,对单句的汉语时态确定正确率与召回率分别为79.8%和95.3%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.