柠檬酸酒石酸复配体系对亚麻织物的防皱整理作用

以过硫酸钾为促进剂,将柠檬酸和酒石酸应用于亚麻织物的无醛防皱整理。讨论了整理剂的物质的量比及用量对织物折皱回复角、断裂强度保留率及白度的影响。结果显示,在使用加（柠檬酸）为10％（占整理液质量）的柠檬酸以及柠檬酸／酒石酸为1：0．5（物质的量比）,并用w（次磷酸钠）为3％（占整理液总质量）的催化剂在165℃焙烘3min,可获得良好的织物折皱回复角、断裂强度保留率和白度。     

无甲醛抗皱整理剂的研究与应用

分别用戊二醛-水解淀粉-柠檬酸和乙二醛-水解淀粉-柠檬酸两种方法对织物进行防皱整理。研究了柠檬酸-水解淀粉与乙二醛（或戊二醛）以不同摩尔分数比,及不同的焙烘温度、焙烘时间,催化剂[MgCl2]浓度对棉织物整理效果的影响。并对两种整理方法的防皱效果进行比较。结果显示：与2D树脂、乙二醛-水解淀粉-柠檬酸相比,戊二醛-水解淀粉-柠檬酸处理棉织物的折皱回复角有较大提高,强度也有所提高,是比较理想的防皱整理方法。     

Improving the antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics finished with triclosan by the use of 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid and citric acid

For producing antibacterial textiles, the conventional finishing processes have high productivity and low processing costs, but textiles finished in these ways exhibit low durability against laundering. Therefore, cotton fabrics were bleached with hydrogen peroxide, finished with triclosan, and then treated with polycarboxylic acids such as 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and citric acid (CA) as crosslinking agents to provide durable antibacterial properties. The surface of fibers treated with BTCA had a greater crosslinked area, and the surfaces of fabrics treated with CA were exposed to greater amounts of deformation due to the mechanical and chemical influences after 50 launderings. The bleaching and finishing treatments did not dramatically affect the breaking strength. However, the polycarboxylic acid treatment (both BTCA and CA) alone showed reductions in the breaking strength when the acid concentration was increased. The polycarboxylic acids were fairly effective against both bacteria, even at lower concentrations, when they were applied to stand‐alone cotton fabrics, whereas the antibacterial activity decreased somewhat after the use of polycarboxylic acid and triclosan in the same recipes. Adding polycarboxylic acids to the antibacterial finishing recipes enhanced the durability after 50 launderings, and the durability of the recipes containing BTCA was much higher than that of the recipes containing CA. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

芳香族聚酰胺织物抗紫外老化的研究

合成了一种二酰亚胺化合物(N,N-二乙基间甲基苯甲酰胺),用于制备芳香族聚酰胺织物的抗紫外老化整理剂。通过改变操作条件(浓度、温度、时间),优化整理工艺,并对处理后芳纶织物的性能进行了表征。结果表明:经该整理剂处理过的芳纶织物在320～330 nm有较强的吸收峰;该织物经30 W紫外老化100 h后,强度保持率高达87%,比未经抗老化整理的对照织物样品的抗老化效能提高了一倍,表现出优异的抗紫外老化性能。     

Influence of additives on the formation of unsaturated PCAs produced during durable-press curing with citric acid

To impart durable-press properties to cellulosic material, the fabrics have been treated with a finishing bath containing a polycarboxylic acid in combination with an appropriate catalyst. When citric acid (CA) was applied as crosslinking agent discoloration of the fabric was observed. Special additives were included into the formulation to improve the whiteness index. Isocratic HPLC was used to identify and quantify the unsaturated polycarboxylic acids that are produced during the curing process of CA-treated cotton fabrics. The influence of different catalysts (sodium hypophosphite, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, trisodium phosphate) and of various types of additives, such as triethanol amine (TEA), W,/V,bis(hydroxy-ethyljglycine (BICINE), boric acid and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200), on the content of CA and the amount of unsaturated PCAs in the wash liquor and on the fabric has been investigated. A significant reduction of the unsaturated polycarboxylic acids was observed when an additive was incorporated into the pad bath.     

Two-step durable press treatment of cotton fabric

In this paper cotton fabrics were treated by two different methods with polycarboxylic acids (citric acid and butanetetracarboxylic acid) for durable press performance. The first was a two-step method in which the fabric was initially treated with citric acid and then treated by butanetetracarboxylic acid. The other was a mixed method in which the fabric was treated with a solution containing the two mixed polycarboxylic acids. Following the treatments, the wrinkle recovery angle, strength and strength retention of the resulting fabric were measured and compared.     

Non-formaldehyde durable press finishing of dyed fabrics: evaluation of cotton-bound polycarboxylic acids

The polycarboxylic acids 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid and citric acid are used as nonformaldehyde durable press finishing agents instead of formaldehyde-releasing N -methylol compounds. In this study, isocratic HPLC is applied in an attempt to quantify the polycarboxylic acids that react with cellulosic material dyed with CI Reactive Red 195, CI Reactive Yellow 145 and CI Reactive Blue 221. Subsequently, the fabrics are cured with formulations containing butanetetracarboxylic acid and citric acid or a combination of both. The chromatographic determination reveals that an increase in the depth of shade results in a decrease of the amount of butanetetracarboxylic acid, except in the case when the cotton is dyed with CI Reactive Blue 221, a copper formazan complex-based dyestuff. Colour measurements indicate that the Δ E * values decrease in the order CI Reactive Yellow 145, CI Reactive Red 195 and CI Reactive Blue 221.     

Antimicrobial protection of cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics by radiation and thermal treatments. I. Effect of ZnO formulation on the mechanical and dyeing properties

Cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics were treated against microbial attack by applying a formulation based essentially on ZnO under high‐energy radiation and thermal curing. To achieve the homogeneity and the reactivity of the treating formulation, a binder (Impron MTP) and a dispersing agent (Setamol WS) were used with ZnO. The antimicrobial property of the fabrics was evaluated, in terms of mechanical properties, by a soil burial test. Moreover, the effect of antimicrobial finishing on the dyeing properties in terms of color strength was investigated. It was found that the best composition that affords the best antimicrobial protection to cotton fabrics contains 2% ZnO, 2% binder, and 1% dispersing agents. For the cotton/polyester blend, the best results were achieved at the same conditions except the ZnO was 1%. It was found that the treatment under the effect of electron‐beam irradiation is better than that of gamma irradiation and thermal curing. The results showed that when the finishing process was carried out before dyeing with a reactive dye, it affects the color strength rather than performing the finishing after the dyeing process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1129–1137, 2003     

Characteristics of cotton fabrics treated with epichlorohydrin and chitosan

Cotton fabrics treated with a crosslinking agent, epicholorohydrin, in the presence of chitosan (CEC) provide many possible reactive sites for reactive dyes and antimicrobial properties of the grafted chitosan to the cellulose structure. This process was applied by means of the conventional mercerizing process. The chitosan finishing and durable press finishing of the cotton fabrics occurred simultaneously in the mercerization bath. ECH is expected to react with hydroxyl groups in cellulose and chitosan or with amino groups in chitosan to form alcohol crosslinking by the Belfast process. The fixed chitosan content in the CEC was calculated by the nitrogen percentage of an Elemental Analyzer. The color strength (K/S) of the reactive dyes of the treated cotton fabrics did not significantly change with an increase of chitosan; however, the degree of swelling of the treated cotton fabrics decreased with an increase of chitosan and ECH. These performances were retained through 20 washing and tumble drying cycles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

A novel durable hydrophobic surface coating of poly(lactic acid) fabric by pulsed plasma polymerization

Effective finishing on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibres could be difficult due to its low melting point. Traditional fluorocarbon application technology (pad, dry, and cure at high temperature) on poly(ethylene terephthalate) and PLA fibres fabrics was compared with a novel plasma polymerization technique which was performed on both fabrics. Liquid repellency properties of both mentioned fabrics, before and after washing were evaluated. Fabric mechanical properties were compared by measuring bursting strength and fabric hand. The results indicate that, in general, the plasma process imparted better fabric handle and overall repellency, particularly with regard to low temperature re-orientation. Furthermore, by adding a proper softener, the inter-fibre friction was reduced and better elastic recovery was achieved.     

Citric Acid Used as a Cross-Linking Agent for Grafting β-Cyclodextrin onto Wool Fabric

Modification of woolen fabrics were achieved by grafting β-cyclodextrin and β-chloro triazinylcyclodextrin in the presence of citric acid (CA) as cross-linking agent and phosphorous salts such as sodium hypophosphite (SHP) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (SDP) using the pad dry cure technique. CA is expected to react with the β-CD (or wool) hydroxyl groups and wool terminal amino groups, to form ester cross-linkages or ionic bonds. The improved properties of wool fabrics were evaluated using urea bisulfite solubility test, tensile strength, elongation and crease recovery angle. Also, yellowness index and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Woolen fabrics treated with CA alone and CA/ CD shows antimicrobial properties.     

Ultraviolet resistant/antiwrinkle finishing of cotton fabrics by sol‐gel method

Nano titanium dioxide (TiO₂) sols were prepared by sol‐gel method with tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT) as precursors, citric acid (CA) as inhibitors. Ultraviolet resistant capacity of finished cotton fabrics are greatly improved with good wrinkle‐resistance, whiteness and tensile strength as well. The optimum molar ratio for preparing nano‐TiO₂ sols in this study is n[C₂H₅OH] : n[H₂O] : n[CA] : n[HCl] : n[TOBT] = 20 : 6 : 1.2 : 0.025 : 1, at ambient temperature. Particle size distribution analysis of the sol reveals that the curve is right tailed with an average diameter of 72.8 nm. Factors affecting the performance of finished cotton fabrics by TiO₂ sols, such as concentration of sodium hypophosphite (SHP), triethanolamine (TEA) in finishing bath, curing temperatures and time lengths were investigated by orthogonal experiments. The optimum finishing results can be obtained with 3% SHP, 3% TEA, curing at 165°C for 3 min. Aggregated nano‐TiO₂ particles on surfaces of finished cotton fibers both washed and unwashed were investigated by high resolution cold field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. Esterification crosslinking between CA and cotton fibers were also demonstrated through infrared spectra. After a five‐time's wash, ultraviolet protection factor of finished cotton fabrics with nano‐TiO₂ sols is up to 117.42 and dry crease recovery angles increase by 30.2° with slightly improved whiteness, while the breaking strength decreases by 18.8%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Cation exchange finishing of nonwoven polyester with polycarboxylic acids and cyclodextrins

We describe a chemical method for the finishing of polyester nonwoven fabrics that aimed to obtain ion exchange textiles. This approach was based on the use of polycarboxylic acids (PCA) and cyclodextrins as carbohydrate compounds and finishing agents, respectively. It was observed that the reaction between these reactants yielded a crosslinked polymer that was physically anchored onto the fibers. This polymer can be considered as a resin issued from the esterification between the COOH groups of the PCA with the OH groups of the carbohydrate. As the esterification reaction was not complete, many free carboxylic groups remained on the surface of the coating polymer. This feature offered the ion exchange properties to the textile support. In this article, we described the pad‐dry‐cure process and showed the influence of the curing parameters (time and temperature), the nature, and the concentration of the components and the pH of the impregnating bath. The grafting rate (in wt %) and the ion exchange capacity (IEC) were observed in parallel. First, it was observed that the best IEC capacity (that could reach 1 mmol/g) was obtained when an ideal compromise was applied between time and temperature of curing. We also evidenced that IEC depended on the nature and on the concentration of the PCA (chosen among citric acid, 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid, and polyacrylic acid) and on the pH of the impregnating bath. Finally, it was observed that cyclodextrins were more appropriate than starch as finishing coreactants. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3730–3738, 2007     

柠檬酸抗皱整理对苎麻织物染色性能的影响

研究了多羧酸与纤维素分子的酯化反应机理和酒石酸钠的催化反应机理,探讨了酒石酸钠作非磷催化剂,柠檬酸抗皱整理工序对苎麻织物染色性能的影响,先染色后整理筛苎麻织物的抗皱性能、染色性能均较好。     

降解壳聚糖的亚麻织物防皱整理作用研究

采用不同组分的降解壳聚糖作为亚麻织物无甲醛防皱整理剂,通过织物折皱回复率、白度、断裂强力保留率、断裂伸长率的变化,探讨降解壳聚糖用量及相对分子质量对整理效果的影响。实验结果显示,平均聚合度为9.787,平均相对分子质量为1 590.15,w(整理剂)%1%的降解壳聚糖进行亚麻织物整理后,折皱回复率为30.15%,白度为57.900%,断裂强力保留率为96.47%,断裂伸长率为12.73%。     

Antimicrobial finishing of acrilan fabrics with cetylpyridinium chloride: Affected properties and structures

Durable antimicrobial acrilan fabrics were prepared by using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in a chemical finishing process. The CPC could form ionic interactions with anionic groups on acrilan fibers, which contribute to durable antimicrobial functions. Reaction conditions such as pH, temperature, and time of the chemical treatment affected exhaustion of CPC and antimicrobial properties. However, the pH conditions of the finishing bath also impacted mechanical properties and color of the fabrics, particularly under alkaline conditions. Although a more alkaline condition is preferred for durable antimicrobial functions, high pH reduces tensile strength and results in yellowing of acrilan fibers. The yellowing of the acrilan fibers is caused by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrle groups and induced formation of conjugated C?N systems in the polymers. The conjugated systems were characterized by FTIR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1227–1236, 2005     

植酸对羽毛角蛋白整理涤纶织物性能的影响及分析

为提高羽毛角蛋白（FK）对涤纶织物的后整理效果及其耐久性，本文向羽毛角蛋白整理液中添加了植酸（PA）组分，采用SEM和FTIR对整理前后涤纶织物的形貌和结构进行了表征，同时比分析了PA对FK整理涤纶织物表面静态接触角、芯吸高度、抗静电性能的影响规律。此外，将整理的涤纶织物进行洗涤处理，测试了织物上FK的保留率。结果表明：与单一组分FK整理的涤纶织物相比，PA组分的加入使得涤纶织物表面的FK附着量增加，整理涤纶织物的芯吸高度与抗静电性提升，表面静态接触角下降；同时PA还提升了FK整理涤纶织物的耐久性，经相同工艺水洗后，具有较高的FK保留率。     

Wrinkle resistant properties and antibacterial efficacy of cotton fabrics treated with glyoxal system and with combination of glyoxal and chitosan system

This study examined the possibility of using glyoxal and chitosan in one‐step finishing to impart both durable press performance and antibacterial efficacy on cotton fabrics. Glyoxal treatment provided good wrinkle resistant property and fair antibacterial activity on the finished fabrics, but the loss of breaking strength retention of the finished fabrics was a main problem of this treatment. Chitosan added in the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system also provided comparable results in wrinkle resistant and antibacterial properties on the finished fabrics as the glyoxal did. The advantage of chitosan in the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system was the improvement of the breaking strength retention of the finished fabrics without affecting the durable press property of the finished fabrics. However, the yellowing of the finished fabric was still a problem when the finished fabrics were treated with the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1372–1377, 2006     

Durable antimicrobial treatment of cotton fabrics using N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride and polycarboxylic acids

N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), a water‐soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium derivative, was used as an antimicrobial agent for cotton fabrics. HTCC has a lower minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli compared to that of chitosan; however, the imparted antimicrobial activity is lost on laundering. Thus crosslinking agents were utilized to obtain a durable antimicrobial treatment by immobilizing HTCC. Several crosslinkers such as dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU), butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), and citric acid (CA) were used with HTCC to improve the laundering durability of HTCC treatment by covalent bond formation between the crosslinker, HTCC and cellulose. The polycarboxylic acid treatment was superior to the DMDHEU treatment in terms of prolonged antimicrobial activity of the treated cotton after successive laundering. Also, the cotton treated with HTCC and BTCA showed improved durable press properties without excessive deterioration in mechanical strength or whiteness when compared to the citric acid treatment. With the addition of only 0.1% HTCC to BTCA solutions, the treated fabrics showed durable antimicrobial activity up to 20 laundering cycles. The wrinkle recovery angle and strength retention of the treated fabrics were not adversely affected with the addition of HTCC. Therefore, BTCA can be used with HTCC in one bath to impart durability of antimicrobial activity along with durable press properties to cotton fabric. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1567–1572, 2003     

Application of DMEU/SiO2 gel solution in the antiwrinkle finishing of cotton fabrics

In this experiment, cotton fabrics were treated by padding, drying, and curing with an antiwrinkle finishing reagent, dimethylolethylene urea (DMEU), in combination with different concentrations of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and isopropanol (IPA) at various volumes. The treated fabrics were studied to determine the effects of adding TEOS and IPA. They were also analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods to examine the binding between SiO₂ and DMEU. The results showed that hydrogen bonds formed between SiO₂ and DMEU. TEOS was found to improve the antiwrinkle properties, tensile strength retention, and yellowing of the treated fabrics, although their softness was slightly reduced. The solvent IPA was shown to decrease the tensile strength of treated fabrics, although it improved their antiwrinkle properties. We observed only one stage of pyrolysis in untreated cotton fabrics, whereas the treated fabrics showed two stages. In addition, the fabrics treated with TEOS showed improved heat resistance. Our findings demonstrated that cotton fabrics showed excellent antiwrinkle properties and high tensile strength, when treated with a finishing solution composed of DMEU, 3% TEOS, IPA and water, followed by predrying and curing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4136–4143, 2006