基于随机函数-谱表示的高阶矩结构动力可靠度分析方法

基于随机函数-谱表示模型,提出了结构响应极值前四阶矩的计算方法 ,发展了非高斯随机激励下的结构动力可靠度分析的高阶矩方法:(1)修正了随机函数单个基本随机变量的离散点集表达式;(2)根据修正的离散点集生成少量的非高斯加速度时程样本并进行结构时程分析,从而估计得到结构响应极值的前四阶矩(均值、标准差、偏度、峰度);(3)提出了四阶矩可靠指标的完整表达,并应用于计算在非高斯随机激励下的结构动力可靠度。最后,以双自由度系统及八层框架结构的动力可靠度分析为算例,验证了本文方法的精确性与高效性:在样本数量明显减少的情形下,本文方法计算的前四阶矩与Monte Carlo模拟结果相比最大相对误差为5.54%,且动力可靠度分析结果几乎一致。     

基于结构响应极值前四阶矩的桥墩抗震可靠度

为研究桥墩非线性地震响应下的抗震可靠度,引入随机函数-谱表示模型与高阶矩法,提出了基于结构响应极值前四阶矩的桥墩抗震可靠度分析方法。考虑三线型恢复力模型,建立了桥墩的单墩模型;利用随机函数-谱表示模型生成非平稳地震加速度时程样本并对桥墩进行非线性时程分析,在此基础上,建立了结构响应极值前四阶矩(均值,标准差,偏度和峰度)的计算框架;最后,考虑桥墩位移界限,给出了桥墩位移的功能函数,进而利用高阶矩法计算桥墩抗震可靠指标。通过对桥墩结构分析,验证了该方法的高效性与精确性;计算结果表明:与Monte Carlo模拟结果相比,该方法计算的前四阶矩、抗震可靠指标(失效概率)的最大相对误差分别为0.28%,1.92%(4.92%),该方法为桥墩抗震可靠度评估提供了一种有效的途径。     

结构在水平与竖向随机地震同时作用下的相关函数和谱密度

对单自由度结构在水平与竖向地震同时作用下的随机稳定性、响应及其相关函数和谱密度函数进行系统研究。首先利用Stratonovich和It随机微分方程与响应矩微分方程的互相关转化关系,建立了结构响应矩方程;然后根据Hurwitz随机稳定准则,获得了结构一阶和二阶响应矩渐近稳定的解析判别式;继而,利用复模态法获得了结构响应二阶矩的解析瞬态解和平稳解;最后利用It随机微分方程解具有的非可料函数性质,获得了结构位移、速度响应的自相关函数、互相关函数以及谱密度函数、互谱密度函数的解析解,给出了算例,并综合分析了各种参数对结构响应、稳定性以及相关函数和谱密度函数的影响。     

轴向窄带随机激励悬臂梁的单模态参激共振

以轴向基础窄带随机激励悬臂梁非线性动力学方程组为分析对象。采用多尺度法，获得了系统主参激共振的非线性调谐方程组。在假设带宽较小的前提下，利用摄动法，获得了系统非平凡幅一频响应的1，2阶稳态矩近似理论表达式，并通过直接的数值积分获得了相应的曲线形式并进行了比较，取得了较好的一致性。分析结果表明：对于第1阶模态的主参激共振，其1，2阶稳态矩一频率特性呈现硬特性，而对于2阶及以上模态的主参激共振，系统1，2阶稳态矩一频率特性呈现软特性；带宽的小范围变化对1，2阶稳态矩产生的效应甚微。通过对概率密度进一步的数值计算，首次发现了系统的响应在非平凡平稳响应与平凡平稳响应间的随机跳跃现象，计算结果显示，随着带宽的增加，非平凡平稳响应处的概率密度逐渐减小，而平凡平稳响应处的概率密度随之增加。     

用于时变系统参数识别的状态空间小波方法

该文利用系统的激励和受迫响应数据,基于状态空间和小波变换理论,提出了一种识别时变系统参数的新方法.该方法首先将线性时变系统的二阶振动微分方程转换为一阶状态方程,然后对系统的激励和响应信号进行小波尺度函数空间投影,利用小波尺度函数的正交性,把一阶状态空间方程解耦为线性代数方程组.其次求解方程组,识别出不同时刻的等效系统转...     

齿轮箱振动信号的分数阶时频谱多重分形特征提取研究

针对齿轮箱振动信号的非线性和非平稳性,提出一种基于Q阶加权矩结构分割函数法的分数阶时频谱多重分形特征提取方法。首先构造时频分辨率较好的分数阶S变换技术获取齿轮箱振动信号的分数阶时频谱;然后针对分数阶时频谱的特点,设计出一种Q阶加权矩结构分割函数法,用于提取分数阶时频谱的多重分形特征参数。对5种状态的齿轮箱振动信号进行了分析和研究,结果表明齿轮箱振动信号的分数阶时频谱具有多重分形特性,Q阶加权矩结构分割函数法提取的多重分形特征参数能有效描述分数阶时频谱的多重分形特征。     

非高斯荷载作用下结构首次失效时间分析的Monte Carlo模拟方法

利用结构反应的头四阶矩，基于Winterstein变换，模拟非高斯荷载作用下结构的反应过程，并由结构反应过程的样本函数，建立了结构首次失效时间分析的模拟方法。二次力函数激励下线性SDOF系统的首次失效时间分析，说明了该方法的使用过程，并揭示了系统阻尼对首次失效的影响。     

包装件在非高斯随机载荷下响应特征分析方法研究EI北大核心CSCD

在运输过程中,包装件经常受到非高斯随机振动的作用,在进行包装系统优化时,经常需要重复确定包装件加速度响应的统计特征和振动可靠性,该研究提出一种高效准确确定非高斯随机振动条件下非线性包装件加速度响应统计特征的分析方法。采用非高斯Karhunen-Loeve展开将非高斯随机振动表示为非高斯随机变量的线性组合,用一阶泰勒展开估计包装件加速度响应,确定加速度响应的统计矩参数,根据包装件加速度响应的前四阶矩参数,应用鞍点估计法确定包装件加速度响应的概率密度函数(probability density function, PDF)和累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function, CDF)。由于采用随机变量的线性组合模拟非高斯随机振动激励,避免了随机变量非线性变换,采用一阶泰勒展开估计包装件加速度响应具有良好的准确性,鞍点估计法分析包装件加速度响应的PDF和CDF,避免了大量蒙特卡洛或拟蒙特卡洛分析,提高了分析效率。     

非线性流滞阻尼器耗能结构随机地震响应和首超时间分析

对非线性流滞阻尼器耗能结构在Kanai-Tajimi谱地震激励下的随机响应及其随机失效时间和动力可靠性进行了系统研究。首先建立了结构的非线性运动方程;然后,基于随机平均法,将结构响应幅值近似为一维markov扩散过程,获得了扩散过程漂移系数和扩散系数的解析表达式;其次,利用扩散过程与FPK方程的对应关系,获得了幅值平稳概率密度函数和幅值任意阶矩的解析表达式;再次,利用幅值与结构位移和速度的相互转化关系,获得了结构位移与速度的平稳联合概率密度函数和位移、速度方差以及位移期望穿越率的解析表达式;最后,利用扩散过程的后向Kolmogrov方程,基于首超失效模型,建立了结构动力可靠性函数方程和结构随机失效时间统计矩方程,并利用一维扩散过程的边界分类性质,将统计矩方程的奇异定性边界条件转化为等价的定量边界条件,进而获得了失效时间任意阶统计矩的解析解,并利用此矩,对结构动力可靠性和失效时间概率分布函数进行了近似分析,给出了算例,从而建立了结构非线性随机地震响应及其随机失效时间和动力可靠性的分析方法。     

分数阶导数系统非平稳随机振动灵敏度分析的时域显式方法EI北大核心CSCD

分数阶导数模型是描述黏弹性材料本构关系的理想模型。进行了分数阶导数线性系统非平稳随机振动的灵敏度分析。建立分数阶导数系统动力响应的时域显式表达式;采用灵敏度分析的直接求导法或伴随变量法,推导系统动力响应灵敏度的时域显式表达式;提出分数阶导数系统响应统计矩灵敏度高效计算的时域显式方法。所提出的基于直接求导法和伴随变量法的时域显式方法,分别适用于少设计变量和多设计变量两种情况下的响应统计矩灵敏度分析。以非平稳地震激励下设置分数阶导数黏弹性阻尼器的层剪切结构为数值算例,验证了所提方法的计算精度和计算效率。     

Wedge simulation method for calculating the reliability of linear dynamical systems

In this paper the problem of calculating the probability of failure of linear dynamical systems subjected to random excitations is considered. The failure probability can be described as a union of failure events each of which is described by a linear limit state function. While the failure probability due to a union of non-interacting limit state functions can be evaluated without difficulty, the interaction among the limit state functions makes the calculation of the failure probability a difficult and challenging task. A novel robust reliability methodology, referred to as Wedge-Simulation-Method, is proposed to calculate the probability that the response of a linear system subjected to Gaussian random excitation exceeds specified target thresholds. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method which is found to be enormously more efficient than Monte Carlo Simulations.     

三维结构可靠度对随机变量的敏感性研究

本文基于三维随机有限元提出了结构点可靠度、失效模式的可靠度及整个结构体系的可靠度分别对随机变量的＂分布参数＂和＂极限状态方程参数＂的敏感性计算方法，并以一典型重力坝为例进行了计算，得出了若干有益的结论。     

Adaptive improved response surface method for reliability-based design optimization

Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) requires the evaluation of probabilistic constraints (or reliability), which can be very time consuming. Therefore, a practical solution for efficient reliability analysis is needed. The response surface method (RSM) and dimension reduction (DR) are two well-known approximation methods that construct the probabilistic limit state functions for reliability analysis. This article proposes a new RSM-based approximation approach, named the adaptive improved response surface method (AIRSM), which uses the moving least-squares method in conjunction with a new weight function. AIRSM is tested with two simplified designs of experiments: saturated design and central composite design. Its performance on reliability analysis is compared with DR in terms of efficiency and accuracy in multiple RBDO test problems.     

Set theoretic formulation of performance reliability of multiple response time‐variant systems due to degradations in system components

This paper presents a design stage method for assessing performance reliability of systems with multiple time‐variant responses due to component degradation. Herein the system component degradation profiles over time are assumed to be known and the degradation of the system is related to component degradation using mechanistic models. Selected performance measures (e.g. responses) are related to their critical levels by time‐dependent limit‐state functions. System failure is defined as the non‐conformance of any response and unions of the multiple failure regions are required. For discrete time, set theory establishes the minimum union size needed to identify a true incremental failure region. A cumulative failure distribution function is built by summing incremental failure probabilities. A practical implementation of the theory can be manifest by approximating the probability of the unions by second‐order bounds. Further, for numerical efficiency probabilities are evaluated by first‐order reliability methods (FORM). The presented method is quite different from Monte Carlo sampling methods. The proposed method can be used to assess mean and tolerance design through simultaneous evaluation of quality and performance reliability. The work herein sets the foundation for an optimization method to control both quality and performance reliability and thus, for example, estimate warranty costs and product recall. An example from power engineering shows the details of the proposed method and the potential of the approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distribution system reliability enhancement using optimal capacitor placement

Failure statistics of most utilities indicate that distribution systems make the greatest individual contribution to the unavailability of supply to customers. Optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems has a number of advantages such as reducing losses, improving voltage profile, improving power factor and so on. The conventional objective function of the optimal capacitor placement consists of the total cost of losses and investments. Since capacitors supply reactive loads locally, they improve the load-carrying capability of the lines and therefore play the same role as redundant lines. Thus, optimal capacitor placement can also improve the reliability indices of a distribution system. Therefore two new objective functions are defined here. The first one is defined as the sum of reliability cost and investment cost. The second is defined by adding the reliability cost, cost of losses and investment cost. The latter is a comprehensive objective function which is the resultant of the conventional and reliability-based objective functions. This problem is solved using a particle swarm optimisation-based algorithm. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach are examined using a distribution network.     

Reliability and risk analysis of large systems with ageing components

Applications of limit reliability functions to the reliability evaluation of large multi-state systems composed of independent components are considered. The main emphasis is on multi-state systems with ageing components because of the importance of such an approach in safety analysis, assessment and prediction, and analysing the effectiveness of operation processes of real technical systems. The results concerned with multi-state series systems are applied to the reliability evaluation and risk function determination of a homogeneous bus transportation system. Results on limit reliability functions of a homogeneous multi-state “m out of n” system are applied to durability evaluation of a steel rope. A non-homogeneous series-parallel pipeline systems composed of several lines of pipe segments is estimated as well. Moreover, the reliability evaluation of the model homogeneous parallel-series electrical energy distribution system is performed.     

Stochastic sensitivity analysis using HDMR and score function

Probabilistic sensitivities provide an important insight in reliability analysis and often crucial towards understanding the physical behaviour underlying failure and modifying the design to mitigate and manage risk. This article presents a new computational approach for calculating stochastic sensitivities of mechanical systems with respect to distribution parameters of random variables. The method involves high dimensional model representation and score functions associated with probability distribution of a random input. The proposed approach facilitates first-and second-order approximation of stochastic sensitivity measures and statistical simulation. The formulation is general such that any simulation method can be used for the computation such as Monte Carlo, importance sampling, Latin hypercube, etc. Both the probabilistic response and its sensitivities can be estimated from a single probabilistic analysis, without requiring gradients of performance function. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method provides accurate and computationally efficient estimates of sensitivities of statistical moments or reliability of structural system.     

考虑使用与维修优先权的冷贮备系统可靠性模型分析

针对装备系统中部件关键重要程度不同的情况,以具有使用与维修优先权的多部件冷贮备系统为研究对象,利用适用性较强的phase-type（PH）分布代替以往在可靠性建模中采取的指数分布、Weibull分布等典型分布,统一描述了系统各部件的寿命和维修时间,并建立了通用性更好的系统可靠性模型。在模型解析过程中,采用矩阵解析方法,获得了系统的可靠度函数、稳态可用度以及系统平均开工时间、平均停工时间等工程实践中常用的系统可靠性指标解析表达式,并利用算例验证了模型的适用性,讨论了贮备部件数量对系统可靠性指标的影响。研究结果表明,利用PH分布对具有使用和维修优先权的冷贮备系统进行可靠性解析建模,不仅具有良好的解析特性,而且能够有效地保证模型的适用性,在工程实践中具有良好的应用价值。     

基于响应面法和Morgenstern-Price法土坡可靠度计算方法

基于响应面法,建立了一种高效的边坡可靠度指标和失效概率近似计算方法。该法在构造响应面函数时,抽样点计算采用Morgenstern-Price法取代传统费时的有限单元法,大大降低了计算工作量。利用Monte-Carlo随机抽样原理,提出了一种能同时确定边坡最危险非圆弧滑动面和最小可靠度指标的随机搜索新算法。该文给出的两个算例验证了方法的实用性和可靠性,其计算结果同时表明:当分别以最小可靠度指标和最小中值安全系数为目标函数时,搜索到的边坡最危险滑动面相差较大。最后,探讨了土性指标(c,φ)的分布概型及相关性对边坡可靠度计算结果的影响。     

响应面法在结构体系可靠度分析中的应用

一个失效模式由许多的失效单元构成,它是一个并联系统;而所有的失效模式构成一个串联系统。整个结构体系可看成是许多并联系统(失效模式)组成的一个串联系统。首先,利用基于响应面的随机有限元法来获得失效模式中各个单元的极限状态方程,这些方程都是二次多项式;第二步,利用结构可靠度分析中的几何法得到这些方程的等效线性化方程从而可逐步得到该失效模式的等效线性化方程;第三步,计算各失效模式间的相关系数;最后,由Ditlevsen界限法来计算结构的体系可靠度。算例表明,利用该方法来获得大型、复杂结构的体系可靠度具有高效、实用的特点。