水下非接触爆炸中谱跌效应对设备破坏的影响分析

弹性安装的舰载设备在受到水下非接触爆炸冲击时产生的谱跌效应会显著降低设备的冲击响应。为研究谱跌效应对舰载设备的设计谱及其设计安装的影响,通过有限元计算对比分析弹簧振子模型的伪速度冲击响应和悬臂梁模型应力冲击响应,同时对比分析上层振子固有频率相同但质量与刚度不同的双层弹簧振子模型的下层振子伪速度冲击响应。发现：谱跌效应发生时,下层设备的伪速度响应和应力响应均有明显的降低,据此须改进舰载设备的三折线伪速度设计谱;增加上层设备的质量和刚度会显著降低下层设备的伪速度响应,并使谱跌效应的频宽范围增加,利用此特性可降低舰载设备中有着特殊固有频率或固有频率集中的零部件的应力响应。     

复合材料叠层梁的冲击响应特性

用平面应力模型来模拟复合材料叠层梁，得到了正交各向异性叠层梁的频率和模态函数，并用间接模态叠加法（IMSM）求得了叠层梁的瞬态响应。针对正交各向异性单层梁，把研究结果与Timoshenko梁结果进行了的比较，说明了厚度效应对冲击响应的重要影响。对叠层梁受冲击过程中其内部的应力特征及波传播现象进行了分析。     

金属蜂窝材料的面内冲击响应和能量吸收特性

利用显式动力有限元法对三角形蜂窝材料在面内冲击载荷下的动力响应和能量吸收特性进行了研究。具体讨论了相对密度、冲击速度以及冲击方向对蜂窝材料变形模式、平台应力和比能量吸收能力的影响。结果表明,除了胞元的微结构特征参数(例如壁长、壁厚以及扩张角等),蜂窝材料的动力响应特性还依赖于冲击速度和冲击方向。在相对密度和冲击速度不变的前提下,试件沿Y方向冲击时表现为更高的平台应力和更强的能量吸收能力。随着冲击速度的增加,惯性效应明显,蜂窝材料的平台应力和能量吸收能力对冲击方向更敏感。将为多胞材料动力学多目标优化设计提供新的设计思路。     

轴向受力螺纹连接件冲击仿真分析

用有限元软件对轴向受力螺栓进行冲击响应仿真分析,并设计专用的螺栓试验夹具,对吊挂和平置安装的螺栓进行冲击试验验证,通过对比仿真计算和冲击试验中螺纹连接件的响应加速度,应力和损伤状态,验证有限元方法及模型的正确性。     

在热冲击作用下圆柱体的动应力集中效应的解析解

本文提出一种解析方法求解在热冲击作用下圆柱体的动应力集中效应。当圆柱体受到一迅速的温度变化时，应力波将呈现在柱体内的每一点。当应力波自柱体外边界反射、并向柱体中心传播时，应力波波头将在柱体中心发生碰撞，由此导致柱体中心产生很高的动应力峰值，即热动应力集中现象。文中通过一种简便的解析方法精确获得了柱体内热动应力的响应历程和分布规律。计算结果表明，由于反射波的影响，柱体中心动应力峰值发生周期性振荡。中心处的径向动应力的响应历程与切向动应力相同。     

三维编织玄武岩/环氧树脂复合材料在温度场下的高应变率压缩试验

研究了三维编织玄武岩长丝纤维束增强环氧树脂复合材料在23、60、90、120、150、210℃温度场下和不同应变率范围(1 300~1 600、1 600~2 000、2 000~2 300s-1)内的面外/面内冲击压缩响应特征。结果表明:试验温度高于或低于树脂玻璃化温度决定面外/面内冲击压缩的应力-应变曲线走势特征,即使试验条件(温度和气压)一致,面外冲击压缩与面内冲击压缩应力-应变曲线也存在较大差异。温度和应变率对压缩模量、峰值应力、破坏应变、比能量吸收均有不同程度影响。面外和面内压缩的破坏模式存在较大差异,受温度效应和应变率效应影响。     

利用SMA的SME特性改善复合材料板低速冲击响应性能的研究

本文将具有一定塑性应变的形状记忆合金(SMA)纤维埋设在复合材料板中，利用其形状记忆功能(SME)改善复合材料板的低速冲击响应性能。研究中，应用有限元法对SMA杂交复合材料板的低速冲击响应进行了分析，其中，SMA中产生的恢复应力通过实验得出的应力-温度关系确定，冲击接触力通过修正的Hertzian接触定律求得；研究结果表明具有形状记忆功能的SMA能有效地改善复合材料的低速冲击响应性能。     

基于分数阶热弹性理论的含有球型空腔无限大体的热冲击动态响应

基于新近提出的分数阶广义热弹性理论,研究了含有球型空腔的无限大体受热冲击作用时的动态响应。该文给出分数阶广义热弹性理论下的控制方程,通过拉普拉斯积分变换及其数值反变换对控制方程进行了求解,得到了带有球型空腔无限大体中的无量纲温度、位移、径向应力和环向应力等物理量的分布规律。计算中重点研究了分数阶参数对各物理量的影响效应。结果表明:含有球腔的无限大体内由于热冲击而出现了热弹耦合效应;分数阶参数显著地影响各物理量的分布规律。     

圆形孔洞结构岩体冲击响应识别实验模拟研究

孔洞是地质和岩石工程中常见的结构,为了模拟孔洞结构岩体在高速冲击荷载下的响应特征,设计和加工了孔洞结构的花岗岩体试样,采用改进的冲击动力学测试模拟系统,在不同冲击能下,在垂直和平行孔洞轴线方向对孔洞结构花岗岩体进行渐进式循环冲击模拟试验,对实验杆入/反射应力波进行测量。研究表明,峰值反射应力比与冲击能大小无关,但反射应变比能比随冲击能的增大而降低;在低冲击能下,孔洞结构对反射应力波的响应影响不大;随着冲击能的增大,其影响增大;岩体沿孔洞结构的轴线方向发生开裂破坏,与冲击位置无关;在试样开裂后,应变比能显著增高但峰值应力比的变化不大,说明应变比能比可作为岩体结构破坏指示的响应指标。模拟实验为孔洞类岩石结构的钻进识别以及防护设计提供了理论依据。     

并列式三卷筒船用绞车冲击特性

为提高船用绞车抗冲击性能及为今后船用绞车设计提供参考,参照标准GJB1060制定船用绞车冲击环境,并利用ANSYS有限元软件对绞车冲击特性进行研究,对绞车在垂向、横向和纵向三个方向冲击载荷作用下加速度与应力响应进行分析,得到船用绞车整体在垂向、横向和纵向的最大应力响应比值以及最大应力值出现位置,概括绞车上六个电机在不同载荷作用下加速度响应特性,并对提升绞车抗冲击特性进行简单优化。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.