TC4钛合金激光焊接头微观组织和硬度

采用光学显微镜和场发射扫描电镜观察了TC4钛合金激光焊接接头的显微组织,测量了接头焊缝中心到母材的显微硬度。结果表明,母材由α相和其相界上断续分布的粒状β相组成。焊接接头组织由粗大等轴晶区、柱状晶区、细等轴晶区和热影响区过热组织组成。粗大等轴晶区组织形态有层片状α+β、魏氏体α和网篮状α+β3种,其显微硬度略低于柱状晶区和细等轴晶区,但比母材高;柱状晶区和细等轴晶区组织为针状马氏体,柱状晶区显微硬度相对较高。热影响区显微硬度与母材相差不大。     

TC4钛合金激光-MIG复合焊接头组织性能

采用激光-MIG复合焊接方法实现了3 mm厚TC4钛合金的焊接,并研究了焊接接头的组织特征、硬度分布、拉伸性能和耐蚀性能。研究结果表明：激光-MIG复合焊接可以实现TC4钛合金的高质量焊接,焊缝成形良好,无明显缺陷;焊缝中心为粗大的β相柱状晶,晶内为细小的针状α′马氏体;热影响区主要为等轴状的α相+β相+α′马氏体,随着远离熔合线,晶粒越来越细且α′马氏体含量越少;焊缝区硬度最高、热影响区硬度次之,母材区硬度最低,且热影响区粗晶区硬度高于细晶区硬度;焊接接头平均抗拉强度为1 069 MPa,平均断后伸长率为5.3%,试样均断裂在靠近热影响区的母材区域,断口呈现塑性断裂特征,同时焊接接头的耐蚀性能略高于母材。     

10Ni3CrMoV钢CO2激光多层焊的接头组织与性能

与传统电弧焊相比,激光焊接厚板优势明显。采用纯激光焊和激光电弧复合焊等多道焊接技术实现了28 mm厚10Ni3CrMoV钢的高效焊接,采用光学显微镜分析焊缝、热影响区和焊缝重叠区的组织,激光复合焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体,纯激光焊缝、粗晶区和细晶区组织主要为板条马氏体,激光复合焊缝重叠区组织为粒状贝氏体+马氏体,纯激光焊缝和激光复合焊缝重叠区组织为马氏体+少量粒状贝氏体。测试了焊接接头的力学性能,结果表明,激光复合焊缝金属的冲击韧性较高,焊接接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度与母材相当,延伸率略小于母材,焊接接头的最大硬度小于360 HV,弯曲性能合格。     

薄板TC4钛合金TIG电弧和激光焊接接头晶粒尺寸与微观组织

对薄板TC4钛合金进行TIG电弧和激光焊接技术研究,重点分析了TIG焊接电流、焊接速度和激光输出功率对TC4钛合金焊接接头晶粒尺寸、微观组织和显微硬度的影响规律. 试验结果表明,在实现薄板TC4钛合金完全熔透的条件下,激光焊接具有更小热输入,接头焊缝区和热影响区宽度也显著降低. TIG焊接接头晶粒尺寸随热输入增加,呈现增加趋势. 随距焊缝中心位置增加,焊接接头晶粒尺寸均逐渐降低. TC4钛合金激光焊接接头焊缝区呈现魏氏组织特征,针状α'马氏体细小. 近缝热影响区组织为网篮状α'马氏体,而近母材热影响区为未转变α相和针状α'马氏体的双相组织. 随距焊缝中心位置增加,马氏体生成量逐渐减少,焊缝显微硬度值呈现降低趋势;同时相比于TIG焊接,TC4激光焊接接头具有更高的显微硬度.     

钛合金平面曲线对接焊接头的组织与力学性能

采用激光焊接工艺对1.2 mm厚TG4钛合金薄板进行了平面曲线对接焊,研究了曲线焊缝的宏观成形、微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,试验获得了成形良好的焊缝,未出现不连续、裂纹以及气孔等缺陷。焊缝区组织由针状马氏体α'相组成,靠近焊缝的热影响区组织为马氏体α'相和少量α相,远离焊缝的热影响区组织由初生α相、晶间β相以及少量马氏体α'相组成。焊缝和热影响区的硬度均高于TC4母材的,接头拉伸试样断于母材处,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为1015.40MPa和16.49%。     

钛合金先进焊接技术研究现状

对薄板TC4钛合金进行TIG电弧和激光焊接技术研究,重点分析了TIG焊接电流、焊接速度和激光输出功率对TC4钛合金焊接接头晶粒尺寸、微观组织和显微硬度的影响规律. 试验结果表明,在实现薄板TC4钛合金完全熔透的条件下,激光焊接具有更小热输入,接头焊缝区和热影响区宽度也显著降低. TIG焊接接头晶粒尺寸随热输入增加,呈现增加趋势. 随距焊缝中心位置增加,焊接接头晶粒尺寸均逐渐降低. TC4钛合金激光焊接接头焊缝区呈现魏氏组织特征,针状α'马氏体细小. 近缝热影响区组织为网篮状α'马氏体,而近母材热影响区为未转变α相和针状α'马氏体的双相组织. 随距焊缝中心位置增加,马氏体生成量逐渐减少,焊缝显微硬度值呈现降低趋势;同时相比于TIG焊接,TC4激光焊接接头具有更高的显微硬度.     

不同焊接方法对超高强装甲钢焊接接头力学性能与组织的影响

装甲钢MAG工艺常采用奥氏体、铁素体不锈钢焊丝,使得焊接接头抗拉强度和硬度会大幅度降低,同时造成热影响区的局部软化,降低了装甲车辆的防护性能。为了满足超高强装甲钢焊接接头强度和硬度防护要求,该文对超高强装甲钢激光焊接工艺进行了研究,分别为MAG、激光自熔焊、激光填丝焊、激光-电弧复合焊4种焊接方法,研究接头拉伸、弯曲、硬度等性能指标及接头组织。结果表明,激光焊接头的焊缝组织为粗大的板条马氏体,MAG焊缝组织为铁素体和粒状贝氏体;对于激光焊和MAG,淬火粗晶区均为粗针状马氏体,淬火细晶区为细小的针状马氏体,不完全淬火区为马氏体与铁素体的混合组织。激光焊接头的抗拉强度和硬度远高于MAG,激光焊接头的抗拉强度可达到母材的90%以上,硬度约为母材的82%,大大提高了防护型车辆的防护性能。然而,激光焊接头的抗弯强度要低于MAG,无论面弯还是背弯,激光焊弯曲试样通常在弯曲角度10°～30°之间即发生断裂,大大低于MAG弯曲角度90°（不断裂）,从而限制了其使用场景。     

TC4钛合金焊接接头的组织和性能分析

采用3种不同焊接工艺对3.0 mm厚的TC4钛合金进行TIG焊,利用OM,XRD,SEM,EDS等手段对接头的显微组织进行分析,并通过万能试验机、洛氏硬度仪测定其力学性能。结果表明,TC4钛合金由初始α相和β相组成,热影响区组织为α′相和初始α相,焊缝由粗大的针状α′马氏体组成,最大尺寸晶粒出现在焊缝区;焊缝硬度与母材的相当,热影响区硬度分布不均匀,在靠近熔合区的粗晶区存在一个软化区,硬度达到接头的最低值。焊接接头的室温抗拉强度与母材的接近,断裂位置在熔合区附近的粗晶区,断裂形式为脆性断裂;采用焊接电流130 A,焊接速度9.2 m/h和热输入617.2 J/mm的工艺参数时,TC4合金T1G焊焊接接头性能优于其他工艺条件下所得接头的性能。     

7 mm厚TC4钛合金电子束焊接头组织和性能

采用真空电子束焊对7 mm厚TC4钛合金板进行焊接,利用光学显微镜对焊接接头显微组织进行表征,分析不同区域显微组织,通过显微硬度、拉伸试验、冲击试验、弯曲试验对力学性能进行测试,借助扫描电镜对拉伸、冲击断口形貌进行观察,对焊接接头显微组织演变规律和性能进行研究。结果表明,真空电子束焊焊接接头成形良好,TC4钛合金母材组织由α相和β相组成,焊缝区组织由原始的β相转变而成α′相（针状马氏体）,为粗大的柱状晶组织,热影响区组织由均匀且细小的针状马氏体α′相及原始的α相和β相组成;焊缝区显微硬度高于热影响区和母材区,从焊缝顶部到根部显微硬度逐渐下降;焊接接头抗拉强度高于母材抗拉强度;V形缺口在焊缝区的冲击试样具有较好的韧性。     

TC4钛合金激光锁面对接焊的微观组织及力学性能研究

采用激光焊接技术对TC4钛合金工字型法兰底板与蒙皮进行了锁面对接焊,研究了焊接接头的宏观成形、微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,采用激光锁面对接焊工艺的接头成形良好,没有咬边、裂纹和气孔等缺陷。焊缝组织为针状马氏体α′相和分布在原始β晶界的α相,热影响区由初生α相、针状马氏体α′相以及少量β相组成。焊缝和热影响区的硬度高于母材,最大硬度出现在热影响区靠近焊缝处。锁面对接接头拉伸性能良好,试样断于母材处,采用激光锁面对接焊工艺可以对工字型法兰底板与蒙皮进行高性能连接。     

Effect of Laser Welding Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties on Butt Joint of New Hot-Rolled Nano-scale Precipitation-Strengthened Steel

A 4 kW fiber laser was chosen to weld the new hot-rolled nano-scale precipitation-strengthened steel with a thickness of 4.5 mm. The effect of laser power, defocusing distance, and welding speed on the welded joint appearance was examined, and the microstructure and mechanical properties on the typical butt joints were investigated. Results showed that increasing laser welding power may cause faster downward flow of molten metal to produce greater root humping. With the welding speed increasing, the average welding seam （WS） width decreased, and the average WS and heat-affected zone （HAZ） hardness increased. The microstructures of WS, fusion line, and coarse grain heat-affected zone were lath martensite, but the growth direction of the original austenite grain boundaries was significantly different. The microstructures of fine grain heat-affected zone were ferrite and martensite, and the microstructure of mixed grain heat- affected zone contained ferrite, massive M/A island, and a small amount of martensite. The micro-hardness values of WS, HAZ, and base metal （BM） were 358, 302, and 265 HV, respectively. The butt joint fracture at the BM far from the WS and the welded joint tensile strength are observed to follow proportional relationship with hardness.     

Characteristics of Laser Beam and Friction Stir Welded AISI 409M Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints

This article presents the comparative evaluation of microstructural features and mechanical properties of friction stir welded (solid-state) and laser beam welded (high energy density fusion welding) AISI 409M grade ferritic stainless steel joints. Optical microscopy, microhardness testing, transverse tensile, and impact tests were performed. The coarse ferrite grains in the base material were changed to fine grains consisting duplex structure of ferrite and martensite due to the rapid cooling rate and high strain induced by severe plastic deformation caused by frictional stirring. On the other hand, columnar dendritic grain structure was observed in fusion zone of laser beam welded joints. Tensile testing indicates overmatching of the weld metal relative to the base metal irrespective of the welding processes used. The LBW joint exhibited superior impact toughness compared to the FSW joint.     

TA19钛合金惯性摩擦焊接工艺

采用惯性摩擦焊接工艺对TA19钛合金进行了焊接试验研究,针对不同工艺参数下的焊接接头力学性能进行了室温拉伸、高温拉伸及显微硬度等测试,并对优选工艺后焊接接头显微组织进行了分析. 结果表明,TA19钛合金具有良好的惯性摩擦焊接性,在合理焊接工艺条件下能得到高强度焊接接头;焊接接头各区域中焊缝区显微硬度最高,随着向母材区过渡,显微硬度逐渐降低;焊缝区为典型的动态再结晶组织,主要由少量沿β相晶界分布的沿晶α相+α′马氏体组成,热力影响区由变形初生α相+α′马氏体组成,热影响区微观组织与母材相近,仅有部分板条状β相及板条状次生α相发生交叉分布.     

TC4钛合金窄间隙激光填绞股焊丝焊接接头组织及性能

采用实心绞股焊丝,通过窄间隙激光填丝焊对TC4钛合金进行焊接,分析了激光填丝焊接头各区域的微观组织及形貌,并测试了焊接接头的显微硬度、室温拉伸性能及冲击性能等力学性能。结果表明,焊缝截面整体成形良好,无明显未熔合和气孔等缺陷;母材由等轴α+β相组成,热影响区晶粒比母材稍大,热影响区由针状α′马氏体+初生α相组成,焊缝由粗大的原始β柱状晶和内部网篮状α′马氏体组成;焊接接头的抗拉强度平均值达940 MPa,拉伸断裂在母材,断口韧窝较浅,主要表现为韧性断裂特征;焊缝的显微硬度平均值为375 HV,高于母材及热影响区。创新点： 采用高熔敷效率的绞股焊丝作为填充金属,对 20 mm 厚 TC4 钛合金板进行激光填丝焊,探究了厚板钛合金焊接接头的组织与性能分布规律,为厚板钛合金焊接结构的实际应用提供基础数据支撑。     

980MPa级高强钢焊接接头HAZ的组织和性能

采用焊接热模拟的方法,研究一种980 MPa级低碳贝氏体高强钢焊接接头HAZ不同区域,通过对各个区域的组织及相的分析,以及相应的拉伸及冲击试验研究了此类高强钢的组织和性能.结果表明,粗晶区的冲击性能最好,细晶区的冲击性能最低,为热影响区的薄弱环节.粗晶区组织为均匀粗细相间的板条贝氏体组织;在板条贝氏体上弥散析出碳化物;板条贝氏体界面上的奥氏体薄膜的存在是粗晶区韧性提高的原因.细晶区为孪晶马氏体+少量的板条马氏体,孪晶马氏体是导致细晶区性能下降的主要原因.

Abstract：

Microstructure and mechanical properties of HAZ of 980 MPa low carbon bainite high strength steel joints were studied . The different regions of welded joint HAZ were simulated by welding thermal simulation technique. Microstructure observation, phase analysis, and corresponding tensile and impact test for different regions of welded joint HAZ were taken. The results indicate: the impact property of coarse grain zone is the best, while the impact property of fine grain zone is the worst. So the fine grain zone is the weakest part of the welded joint. Microstructure of coarse grain zone is uniform interweaved coarse and fine lath martensites, and precipitation acicular ferrite are distributed between the lath martensites. Toughness of coarse grain zone is increased owing to the austenite thin film adherent lath martensite interface. Microstructure of fine grain zone are twin martensite and a small number of lath maarten-site, only minor acicular ferrite are distributed in the twin martensite . Toughness of fine-grained zone was decreased owing to twin martensite.     

Relationships between microhardness,microstructure, and grain orientation in laser-welded joints with different welding speeds for Ti6Al4V titanium alloy

The microhardness curve trend and its relationships with microstructure and misorientation were analyzed to enhance the comprehension of the microstructure and mechanical property of micro-areas in Ti6Al4V laser-welded joints with different welding speeds. The microhardness measured on the fusion line (H_m) is the highest from the weld center to the base metal. H_m increases with increasing weld width in a welded joint and increasing degree of the non-uniformity in all studied welded joints. The microhardness decreases from the weld metal to the base metal with decreasing amount of martensite α’ and increasing amount of original α phase. When the microstructure is mainly composed of martensite α’, the microhardness changes with the cooling rate, grain size of the martensite, and peak values of the fraction of misorientation angle of the martensite in a wide weld metal zone or weld center at different welding speeds, whereas the difference is small in a narrow weld metal zone.     

Lap joining of titanium alloy using laser welding and resistance seam welding combined process

Titanium alloy lap joints were performed by combined laser welding and resistance seam welding process. The welding characteristics of this combined process were investigated compared with that of laser welding. The experimental results indicate that the combined process welded joint has larger weld width at the lap surface. The joint tensile shear force of combined process is 2.5 times that of laser welding. There are some pores around the lap surface in laser welded joint, and most pores can be eliminated by resistance seam welding process. Metallographic examinations of combined process welded joint reveal that the microstructure in heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld zone has the acicular martensite morphology, which causes that the microhardness in HAZ and weld zone increases compared with the base metal, and the microhardness in weld zone is highest.     

X80管线钢及其接头的低温韧性和显微组织

分别利用示波冲击韧性试验、硬度试验和光学显微镜、透射电镜研究了X80管线钢及其焊管接头的力学性能和显微组织。试验结果表明，X80钢及其焊管接头具有良好的韧性，其中焊缝的韧性最高，焊接热影响区粗晶区因受焊接热效应引起晶粒粗化和形成脆性组织，故韧性最低。试验钢由针状铁素体和少量块状铁素体组成，焊缝为典型的针状铁素体组织，焊接热影响区粗晶区以粒状贝氏体为主。焊接热影响区熔合线附近的硬度值最高，越远离熔合线硬度值越低，并逐渐接近母材的硬度值。