电弧喷涂制备铝基非晶纳米晶合金材料

采用高速电弧喷涂技术,制备了铝基非晶纳米晶复合涂层材料.经XRD、TEM分析发现,铝基非晶纳米晶复合涂层是由非晶相、纳米晶相和晶化相共同组成的;涂层呈明显层状结构,层与层之间结合良好;涂层结构致密,无明显裂纹和孔隙,孔隙率约为1.8%;涂层的平均显微硬度值约为311 HV100,已达到传统制备工艺获得的铝基非晶合金的显微硬度值.     

FeSi磁粉添加量对FeSiAl/FeSi磁粉芯性能的影响

将由气雾化法制得的FeSiAl磁粉(Fe-9.6%Si-5.4%Al,D₅₀=32.46μm)和FeSi磁粉(Fe-6.5%Si,D₅₀=19.76μm)绝缘包覆处理后,再将两者复配制备FeSiAl/FeSi复合磁粉芯,研究FeSi磁粉添加量对复合磁粉芯微观形貌和磁学性能的影响。结果表明：磁粉表面经绝缘工艺处理可形成包覆紧密的绝缘层;向FeSiAl磁粉中添加适量的FeSi磁粉,可提高复合磁粉芯的容积密度和有效磁导率,明显改善复合磁粉芯的直流叠加特性,但功率损耗有不同程度的增加;FeSi磁粉质量分数为20%时,复合磁粉芯的磁学性能最佳,在100 kHz频率下有效磁导率为59.4,在7 962 A/m直流磁化磁场下直流叠加特性为64.3%,在50 kHz与100 mT下功率损耗为181.5 mW/cm³。     

钐铁氮磁体制备及性能

为了提升钐铁氮磁体性能,分析了钐含量及合金熔炼、热处理、快淬、热压工艺对钐铁氮材料性能的影响.采用熔炼快淬法制备钐铁合金,通过球磨、氮化得到钐铁氮磁粉,采用热压法得到烧结磁体.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计测量样品结构和磁性能.结果表明：样品中各相含量与熔炼方法、热处理条件具有较强的依赖关系;当热压温度约为290℃时,样品可获得最大形变速率;在625 MPa、500℃条件下样品块体密度为6.65 g/cm~3,矫顽力约为800 kA/m,剩磁约为0.59 T.     

热压反应合成TiAl合金的密度及孔隙分布

采用Ｔｉ,Ａｌ混合元素粉,通过热压反应合成方法,研究了热压温度对Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ（原子数分数）致密化行为和孔隙分布的影响。结果表明：随着热压温度的升高,制备的材料致密度升高,而在１４００℃下,由于晶粒粗大,导致材料的致密度难以继续提高,冷压坯上密度的不均匀性直接影响热压坯中材料的孔隙分布;提高冷压坯的密度,能在一定程度上使热压坯的密度升高。     

闭式生物质热压成型传热模拟

根据生物质材料压缩过程发生弹塑性变形的特点,基于EDEM离散元分析软件,建立生物质热压过程中接触模型和传热模型,设计API接口二次开发程序,在不同模具直径和保压时间等工艺参数条件下对闭式生物质热压成型传热过程进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明:随着压缩量增加,成型过程传热加快,相同时刻大压缩量成型过程中生物质柱状燃料芯部温度较高;在相同压缩体积下,成型模具直径分别为10、20及30 mm时,随着模具直径增大,虽然模具与生物质燃料接触面积增大,但燃料芯部温度却呈现降低趋势;传热过程分析表明,合理设置成型后的保压时间对燃料成型效果及节能具有积极意义.     

热压含碳球团制备及性能

采用烟煤加热时产生的胶质体作为黏结剂来压制热压含碳球团.根据胶质体的最高流动度和热稳定性,用单一煤种压制热压球团时,肥煤是最好的黏结煤.相对于同成型条件下的冷压含碳球团,热压含碳球团强度更高,相同还原条件下的反应速度更快.     

激光熔覆Fe基非晶／纳米晶复合涂层的组织与性能

对以激光熔覆方式在45钢基体上制备的FeNiSiBVRE非晶涂层进行激光晶化,制备非晶／纳米晶复合涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、扫描电镜和磨损试验机研究非晶／纳米晶复合涂层的组织与性能,研究结果表明,涂层存在着分层结构,组成相有晶化相、非晶相和纳米晶相;涂层底部和顶部的显微组织由大量的稀土树枝晶、板条状硼化物和粒状碳化物组成,涂层中部的显微组织是由大量的纳米晶相镶嵌在非晶基体上构成,与没有进行激光晶化的非晶涂层相比,涂层的耐磨损性能下降,其磨损机制以粘着磨损和剥层磨损为主。     

Fe_(78)B_(13)Si_9纳米晶合金的穆斯堡尔谱研究

用直流高密度电脉冲处理Fe78B13 Si9非晶合金 ,并用穆斯堡尔及透射电子显微镜 (TEM )研究了电脉冲处理试样的结构。实验结果表明 ,在所用电脉冲参数下 ,Fe78B13 Si9非晶合金在温度高于 40 0℃时即可发生纳米晶化 ,根据穆斯堡尔参数分析 ,两个晶态相被确定为α Fe(Si)和Fe2 B ,界面相具有低原子密度和展宽的原子间距分布 ,既长程序又无非晶态短程序 ,其原因在于 ,电脉冲作用下的纳米晶化 ,淬态试样中过剩的自由体积未经充分的衰减 ,而是被推移至剩余非晶以至界面内 ,故不同于用通常的等温退火方法由非晶合金制备的纳米晶合金。     

Mg/MmM5多层复合薄膜的储氢性能和显微结构研究

用X-ray衍射(XRD)方法研究了磁控溅射制备的MmNi3.5(CoAlMn)1.5/Mg(简写为Mg/MmM5)多层薄膜吸放氢前后的结构变化和储氢性能.XRD表明Mg/MmM5多层膜中Mg层的储氢性能有一定程度的改善,吸/放氢温度分别为473 K和523 K.用透射电镜(TEM)分析方法研究了快速热退火(RTA)处理前后Mg/MmM5多层薄膜的微观结构的变化,Mg/MmM5多层膜中Mg层和MmM5层的结构与衬底的温度和材料本身的性质有密切关系.Mg/MmM5多层膜在400℃经过3 min RTA处理后,Mg层中的纳米晶和柱状晶都有所长大,长大后的纳米晶和柱状晶晶粒尺寸基本相当,约200 nm,纳米晶和柱状晶区界限仍然明显,柱状晶依然保持着沿垂直于衬底表面的[001]方向生长;MmM5层中的非晶层消失,纳米晶得到长大,尺寸约20 nm.     

超细WC-TiC-Co硬质合金粉体制备及其成型特性

运用ND2型行星式高能球磨机,制备超细WC-TiC-Co硬质合金粉体.研究了WC-5TiC-10Co(YT5)复合粉体的球磨时间和平均粒度的关系及粉体的成型特点.实验结果表明:在转速为200r/min,正反转间歇时间为5min的条件下,球磨12h、60h、144h,可以得到平均粒度分别为0.94μm亚微米级、510nm准纳米级粉体、小于50nm的纳米级粉体;球磨时间达到60h,开始明显出现粉体团聚现象,随着球磨时间的延长,粉体的平均粒度越小,粉体团聚越严重;粉体的振实密度和压坯的密度由高到低的次序都足微米级>准纳米级>纳米级.     

Powder Extrusion Molding of Nanocrystalline WC-10Co Composite Cemented Carbide

The rods that were shaped from nanocrystalline WC- 10.21 Co-0.42 VC/ Cr3 C2 （ wt% ） composite powders by using powder extrusion molding （PEM） were investigated. The nanocrystalline WC- 10.21 Co- 0. 42 VC/ Cr3 C2 （ wt% ） composite powders were prepared by the spray thermal decomposition-continuous reduction and carburization technology. In order to improve the properties of rods shaped by using powder extrusion molding, the cold isostatic pressing （CIP） technology was used before or after debinding. Specimens were siutered by vacuum siutering and hot isostatic pressing （HIP）. The density, Rockwell A hardness, magnetic coercivity , and magnetic saturation induction of siutered specimen were measured. The microstructure of the green bodies and the siutered specimens was studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Results show that the rod formed by using powder extrusion molding after debinding and followed by cold isostatic pressing can be siutered to 99.5% density of composite cemented carbide rods with an average grain size of about 200- 300 nm, magnetic coercivity of 30.4 KA / m, Rockwell A hardness of 92.6 and magnetic saturation induction of 85% . Superfine WC- 10 Co cemented carbide rods with excellent properties were obtained.     

非正弦激励下铁心损耗计算模型改进

针对Bertotti损耗分离模型计算非正弦激励下铁心损耗不准确的问题,提出了将异常损耗表达为励磁频率与励磁强度函数的Barbisio算法.利用磁特性测量系统得到中频方波、正弦以及PWM电压激励下软磁铁氧体和纳米晶环形铁心损耗的数据,将异常损耗系数构造成频率和磁通密度的非线性函数.该模型计算了一台中频变压器在方波激励下的铁心损耗.仿真和实验结果表明,改进的损耗模型是有效的,与传统Barbisio算法比较,提出的方法更能准确地预估中频变压器铁心损耗.     

低频脉冲磁场处理Co_(68.15)Fe_(4.35)Si_(12.5)B_(15)的穆斯堡尔谱研究

用低频脉冲磁场处理非晶合金Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15,用穆斯堡尔谱结合透射电镜对处理前后的试样进行了微结构分析。结果表明,在低频脉冲磁场处理下,非晶合金Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15发生了纳米晶化,晶化析出相为体心立方α-Fe(Si),析出量为2.743%~23.960%,晶粒尺寸约2~10 nm,且晶化量与磁场强度和脉冲频率均有关系。     

Preparation and characterization of copper-nickel bulk nanocrystals

Copper-nickel nanoparticle was directly prepared by flow-levitation method(FL) and sintered by vacuum sintering of powder(VSP) method. Several characterizations, such as transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), differential thermal analysis(DTA), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) were used to investigate the prepared nanostructures. The results of the study show that FL method could prepare high purity Cu-Ni nanocrystals of uniform spheres with size distribution between 20 and 90 nm. After sintering the bulk nanocrystalline copper-nickel has obvious thermal stability and the surface Webster hardness increases with the rising sintering temperature. At the temperature of 900 ℃, the specimen shows higher surface Webster hardness, which is about two times of traditional materials. When the sintering temperature arrives at 1 000 ℃ the relative density of bulk nanocrystals can reach 97.86 percent. In this paper, the variation tendency of porosity, phase and particles size of bulk along with the changing of sintering temperature have been studied.     

Fe_(74)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(15.5)B_(6.5)纳米晶丝的巨磁阻抗效应

采用熔融抽拉法制备了Fe74Cu1Nb3Si15.5B6.5非晶丝材料.分别研究了不同温度和交流电流退火后该种丝的GMI效应,结果发现两种退火方式都能够使其GMI效应显著增强且电流退火更有利于GMI效应.当退火电流密度为1.3×107A/m2时,样品最大GMI比率达到338%,高于550℃退火后的最大GMI比率320%.分析表明两种退火方法都使材料中析出α2Fe(Si)纳米晶粒,大大改善了材料的软磁性能和GMI效应.     

Crystallization kinetics and magnetic properties of Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb1V2 nanocrystalline powder cores

Amorphous ribbons of the alloy Fe_73.5Si_13.5B₉Cu₁Nb₁V₂ were prepared by the standard single copper wheel melt spinning technique in the air atmosphere. The crystallization kinetics of amorphous ribbons was analyzed by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The crystallization activation energies of amorphous ribbons calculated by using Kissinger model were 364 and 337 kJ/mol for the first and the second crystallization, respectively. The Avrami exponent n was calculated from the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. The value of the Avrami exponent showed that the crystallization mechanism in the non-isothermal primary crystallization of amorphous ribbons was all shapes growing from small dimensions controlled by diffusion at decreasing nucleation rate. The variation of soft magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe_73.5Si_13.5B₉Cu₁Nb₁V₂ alloy powder cores as a function of milling times has been investigated. It is found that the effective permeability of the cores shows high frequency stability and decreases with the increase of milling times. The quality factor increases with increasing frequency in lower frequency range, and reaches a maximum at the frequency of 80 kHz then decreases gradually with increasing frequency.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanism of grain growth in magnesia ceramics prepared by high pressure and temperature with ultra-high heating rate

The fast densification method of combustion reaction plus quick pressing was adopted to prepare nanocrystalline ceramics.The densification process of magnesia compact with a particle size of 100 nm was investigated,under the applied pressure of up to 170 MPa,and the temperature range of 1740–2080 K with ultra-high heating rate(above 1700 K/min).High-purity magnesia ceramics with a relative density of 98.8%and an average grain size of 120 nm was obtained at 1740 K,and the grain growth during the densification process was effectively restrained.The characteristic morphology of evaporation-condensation was observed in the compact prepared at 2080 K,which revealed the actual process of mass transfer by gas diffusion.Moreover,the investigation on the microstructure evolution and mechanism of grain growth was carried out,on the basis of as-preserved nanocrystalline ceramics.The result indicated that the grain growth of the nanocrystalline MgO was controlled by the mechanism of evaporation-condensation rather than surface diffusion.Furthermore,the pressure had an influence of restraining the grain growth based on solid diffusion and strengthening the effect of gas diffusion with the increasing temperature.Under the particular conditions,there existed an appropriate temperature for the densification of nanocrystalline magnesia,while the excessive temperature would exaggerate grain growth and impede densification.     

磁性淀粉复合微球的制备及其性质

采用乳化复合技术制备出粒径为50～370nm,粒径分布均匀,分散系数为0.2738,具有磁核的淀粉复合微球。该微球呈球形,其表面富含羧基和羟基,在水介质中形成均匀稳定的分散液,在磁场强度为0.05Wb/m2的弱磁场中具有强磁响应性。制备磁性微球的最佳制备条件为:淀粉用量为124.95mg/mL,氯化亚铁用量为53.00mg/mL,pH值大于9.73。     

脉冲磁场处理非晶合金产生的纳米晶化相的磁伸性质

低频脉冲磁场处理工艺,使非晶薄带Fe78Si9B13产生纳米晶化,析出α-Fe(Si)纳米相,形成α-Fe(Si)纳米晶与剩余非晶的双相纳米合金。穆斯堡尔谱分析,随着脉冲磁场的强度提高,双相纳米晶合金的晶化相体积分数增加。纳米晶化相α-Fe(Si)的磁致伸缩系数λcs为-1.287×10-4～-1.345×10-4。控制晶化相体积分数,可以使双相纳米晶合金的有效磁致伸缩系数λes最小,有利于提高双相纳米晶合金的软磁性能。