Resistance of 1201 aluminum alloy to plastic deformation at various strain rates

Conclusion With an increase in the rate of plastic strain there is a change in the resistance of 1201 alloy to plastic deformation, which is revealed in a nontraditional decrease in _0.2 and increase in , and A_p. The characteristics _k and _t increase nonlinearally.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, pp. 56–61, August, 1989.     

Austenitic stainless steels strengthened by phase strain hardening and aging

Conclusions Nonmagnetic stainless steels of the Kh12N12T3 and Kh12N14T3 type have good mechanical properties after phase strain hardening and aging (_0.2 = 685 - 785 MPa, _b = 1275 MPa, 20%) as compared with the properties of Fe-Ni-Ti austenitic steels with 26–30% Ni. After phase strain hardening and aging the stability of these steels is high with respect to the transformation during cold treatment.IFM UNTs AN SSSR. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 6, pp. 57–60, June, 1981.     

Oxidation Behavior of Two-Phase γ + σ Nb-Ti-Al Alloys

The oxidation behavior of a series of single-and two-phase Nb-Ti-Al alloys, selected from the sameextended + tie-line, was investigated at1200°C in air. The single-phase alloy suffered from extensive internal oxidation andoxidized at a much higher rate than the single-phase alloy. In a two-phase + microstructure, the phase was preferentiallyattacked to form internal alumina andTi-rich nitride. This preferential attack of limited the extent to which the phase wasinternally oxidized, but also interrupted the formationof a continuous alumina scale. The single-phase alloyalso did not form a continuous alumina scale. Theinability of the phase to form continuousalumina was attributed to a combination of nitrideformation and internal oxidation. The oxidation behaviorof the two-phase + Nb-Ti-Al alloys isdiscussed in terms of mechanisms developed for theoxidation of binary, two-phase alloys.     

Effect of nitrogen and chromium on the mechanical properties of austenitic steels at −196°C

Conclusion Nitrogen lowers and chromium raises (with >3% N) the strength (_b0.2), ductility (, ), and fracture toughness of austenitic stainless steel of the Kh(18-24)N20 type in the aged condition. The effect of chromium on the properties is due to a change in the solubility of nitrides.I. P. Bardin Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, pp. 6–8, August, 1979.     

Analysis of fatigue curves for alloy 36NKhTYu in the quenched and annealed conditions

Conclusion The limiting cycle amplitude in alloys is determined by friction stress which hinders dislocation movement, and in the region of stresses satisfying the condition _m + _{m f} it does not depend on the magnitude of the static component of the stress cycle.Novosibirsk Pedagogical Institute. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 3, pp. 21–23, March, 1991     

Effect of warm extrusion on structure and properties of steel 20Kh

Conclusion Warm extrusion of steel 20Kh at 600–800° makes it possible to obtain a structure with high strength and ductile characteristics: _0.2=40–50 kg/mm², _b=50–60 kg/mm², =60–75%.Voroshilovgrad Machine Construction Institute. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 3, pp. 56–57, March, 1976.     

Protection of Sintered Steels against Corrosion in Neutral Media with an N-M-1 Inhibitor

The effect of an N-M-1 inhibitor (a salt of cyclohexylamine and C₁₀ to C₁₆ aliphatic acids) on the corrosion of sintered powder steels 13 and 141 (with the 14 to 17% porosity) in distilled or tap water at 20 to 80°C, as well as in 0.05 M Na₂SO₄ solution, is studied by gravimetric and electrochemical methods. The protective concentration of the inhibitor is lower in distilled, than in tap water or sodium sulfate solution. The protective action decreased with an increase in temperature. In tap water or sodium sulfate solution, the corrosion-inhibiting effect is weaker for 13 than for 141.     

Influence of original structure and heating rate on the properties of steel after hardening from the intercritical range

Conclusions The original condition and heating rate determine the mechanical properties of the steel after hardening from the intercritical range. The best properties, particularly ductility, _t=1600 MPa, _0.2=1250 MPa, =14%, anda _n=0.9 MJ/m², are obtained after preliminary hardening from 930°C, tempering at 200°C, a second hardening from 800°C (5% ferrite), and tempering at 200°C. Full hardening from 930°C with subsequent tempering at 200°C (without preliminary hardening) makes it possible to obtain _t=1550 MPa, _0.2=1200 MPa, =9%, anda _n=0.9 MJ/m².Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 52–56, May, 1981.     

Effect of lamellar structure parameters on the properties of titanium alloy VT3-1

Conclusion An increase in the ultimate breaking strength, stress-rupture strength, and fatigue limit of alloy VT3-1 with a lamellar structure may be achieved as a result of refining any parameter of the structure, particularly -phase platelet thickness, and increasing the volume fraction of secondary -phase. An increase in ductility characteristics, toughness, and creep resistance may be provided by increasing the dimensions of -colonies and primary -phase particles (up to 2.5–3.5 m) and reducing the volume fraction and dispersivity of secondary -phase lamellar precipitates. Coarsening of -grains leads to an increase in a_c, k_Q, and refinement leads to an increase in and a_n.Qualitative dependences for mechanical properties of alloy VT3-1 on lamellar structure parameters made it possible to isolate those structural parameters which have the most marked effect on properties.The properties of alloys with a finely lamellar structure (d25 m, b_{I, II}<2 m) are most sensitive to structure. In this case a change in -colony size by 10 m and -platelet thickness by 1 m affects the properties 3–20 times more strongly than a change in -grain size by 100 m. The effect of finely dispersed secondary -phase precipitates is greater, the coarser the primary -phase structure. Refinement of primary -phase structure with an increase in secondary phase platelet thickness to 1 m or more reduces the sensitivity of alloy mechanical properties to the effect of secondary -phase.With coarsening of the intragranular structure (d>25 m, b_{I, II}2 m) the effect of structural parameters d and b on properties is markedly weakened: on strength properties (_f, ₁₀₀ ⁴⁵⁰ ) by a factor of 100, on ductility (, ), by a factor of 10 to 20, and on impact strength and fracture toughness (a_n, a_c, K_Q) by a factor of five.The qualitative relationships obtained between structure and mechanical properties of alloy VT3-1 are fundamental for controlling the structure of semifinished titanium alloy products.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 52–55, July, 1986.     

Formation of a Rhenium-Base Coating on a Nb-Base Alloy

To protect Nb–5Mo–15W alloy against high-temperature oxidation a novel coating was developed involving electroplating of a Re–Ni film, followed by pack cementation with Cr and Al. The coating consisted of a duplex-layer structure, an inner (Re–Cr) or Re(Cr) layer and an outer Cr(Al) or NiAl layer. The Re–Ni film containing more than 70at.%Re, developed in the present investigation, is more useful than the conventional low Re–Ni film. The inner (Re–Cr) and Re(Cr) layer acts as a diffusion barrier between the Nb–5Mo–15W alloy substrate and the outer -Cr(Al) or -NiAl layer, which forms a protective -Al₂O₃ scale. The coated Nb–5Mo–15W alloy was oxidized in air at 1373K for up to 360ks, showing very good oxidation resistance.     

Mechanical properties of alloy KhN35VTYu at low temperatures

Conclusion Alloy KhN35VTYu has high values of _u, _0.2, and a_0.25 at normal and cryogenic temperatures after hardening at 1050°C for 3 h in air and aging at 700°C for 3–8 h. The alloy is not sensitive to stress concentration. Increasing the hardening temperature to 1200°C leads to a significant decrease in the values of _0.2 and a_0.25.VNIIÉM, IMASh. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 28–29, May, 1991.     

Mechanical properties of steel 30KhGSA with grains of different sizes

Conclusions Grains of different sizes impair the ductile characteristics of steel. This is manifest in a reduction of the resistance to brittle fracture, which is particularly notable for samples tempered at high temperature and brittle samples. The strength characteristics (_b, _0.2, HRC) and ductility (, ) of quenched and tempered steel vary negligibly with the grain size, and therefore static tests of smooth samples are inadequate to determine the service life of such materials.I. P. Bardin Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 52–53, December, 1977.     

Hardening of welded joints in titanium alloys,produced by electron-beam welding

Conclusions The ultimate strength of welded joints in alloys VT6S, VT14, VT23, and VT19 is 1100, 1150, 1300, and 1250 MPa, and the effectiveness of hardening, _u=200, 250, 300, and 250, respectively, as a result of hardening heat treatment — quenching from the temperature of the upper boundary of the (+)-region and subsequent aging at 450–560°C.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 1, pp. 52–54, January, 1985.     

New technology for heat treating leaf-spring sheets for trucks

Conclusion New technology and automatic equipment for heat treating leaf-spring sheets based on using induction heating, rapid cooling by a stream of water, and a specially developed steel with controllable hardenability have been developed.The new technology makes it possible for one production example to obtain a highstrength hardened layer (_f2500 N/mm²), a strengthened core (_f1200 N/mm²), and compressive residual stresses in surface layers which in combination provide high service properties for leaf springs and the possibility of reducing their weight by 15–25%.The new technology also makes it basically possible to automate the heat treatment process for leaf-spring sheets, to improve working conditions, and as a result of this, to exclude the use of quenching oil to improve the ecological atmosphere of the heat treatment workshop and also to exclude the work hardening operation with shot.Scientific Production Association "Tekhmash." Sinel'nikov Leaf Spring Factory. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 2, pp. 11–14, February, 1992.     

The Effect of Polar Substituents in Aniline and Pyridine Derivatives on the Inhibition of Steel Corrosion in Acids

The inhibition of 3 corrosion in hydrochloric acid by vinylanilines, vinylpyridines, and substituted pyridines was studied. The effects of the vinyl group and polar substituents are discussed. The corrosion rate was found to correlate with the amine basicity pK _a , the monomer polarity e in the Alfrey–Price scheme for vinyl-containing amines, and ¯⁰ constants of substituents in substituted pyridines. The corresponding equations are present.     

Mechanical properties of alloy KhN40MDTYu at low temperatures

Conclusion The optimal strength, ductility, and toughness of alloy KhN40MDTYu at cryogenic temperatures result from quenching + aging or from deformation with no heat treatment: _b = 180kg/mm², _0.2 = 100–120 kg/mm², =20%, =15%,a _n=5–7 kg-m/cm² at –253°C.Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 64–65, July, 1972.     

Strengthening heat treatment of alloy VT16 in vacuum

Conclusions Alloy VT16 can be strengthened by heat treatment in vacuum under the following conditions: heating at 775–800° for 2 h, cooling in the container in water, and aging at 500° for 8 h.The alloy subjected to this treatment has the following properties; _b = 103–107 kgf/mm², =59–63%, ₅ = 15.1–16.1%.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 65–67, May, 1978.     

General laws governing variation in properties of cast alloys of the Al-Zn-Mg system

Among existing high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys, those of the Al-Mn-Zn system are most promising. They have a different phase composition, depending on the content of magnesium and Zinc: + (Al₃Mg₂), + + T(Al₂Mg₃Zn₃), + T, + T + (MgZn2) and + The majority of industrial Al-Mg-Zn alloys correspond to the phase regions + T and + T + with respect to composition. A high level of strength and satisfactory overall corrosion resistance are characteristic for these alloys. Al-Mg-Zn alloys may, however, tend to the most dangerous form of corrosion - stress-induced corrosion cracking. Using methods of experiment planning in the study, we investigated Al-Zn-Mg alloys of various compositions for the purpose of selecting alloy compositions with a high level of mechanical properties and stress-induced corrosion cracking.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 24–28, December, 1994.     

Heat-treatment with induction heating of pipes within the pipe welding mill

Conclusion Induction heat treatment of corrosion-resistant steel pipes in the line of an argon-arc welding mill produces a fine-grain structure of the base metal and weld, ensures the mechanical properties of pipes as specified in GOST 11068-81: _t 560 N/mm²; ₅ 36%. and also makes possible the oxidation of the metal by 0.33%, reduces the time and consuption of the etching solution during chemical processing, and saves power.Dnepropetrovsk, Moscow Pipe Works. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, pp. 26–29, August, 1987.     

The Influence of Ozone on the Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Metals in Acid Media

The corrosion–electrochemical behavior of 092, 0817, 1017132 steels, 0628 alloy, and such metals as aluminum, chromium, and nickel are investigated in ozonized acid media. The effect of ozone on the corrosion–electrochemical properties of these metals are shown to be ambiguous.